The amendment to the 1945 Constitution is an important milestone in the history of the Indonesian constitution that aims to improve the system of government and maintain the balance of power between the executive and legislative. This study aims to analyze the policy of limiting executive and legislative powers implemented through the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, and its implications for the system of government in Indonesia. The research method used is normative research with a qualitative approach, through literature studies and analysis of constitutional documents and relevant laws and regulations. Data were obtained from various sources, including the text of the 1945 Constitution before and after the amendment, academic literature, and the results of interviews with constitutional law experts. The results of the study indicate that the amendment to the 1945 Constitution has brought significant changes in the limitation of executive and legislative powers. Among them, the amendment introduced a stronger checks and balances mechanism, clarified the functions and authorities of each state institution, and set limits on the presidential term of office to prevent absolute power.
 
 

This research aims to analyze legal protection for village people in the village government context in Indonesia. As a government entity that is located in the country on the frontline of the regional autonomy, village has a strategic role in ensuring its fulfillment hak-hakwarga which includes the right to atas public action, paparticipants in the decision-making process, as well as hakatas sustainable development of millions of people. This research uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing the laws and regulations in force, including Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, andvarious other related regulations. The results of the research show that even though it's a monkey the law that ang adahas provided protection for the village community, there are still gaps in the village lam perpetratornanannya which requires more attention, especially associated withan increase intankapasitasaparavillage tour andnobservationwasan by the governmenthanderah. This research concludes that increasing the effectiveness of legal protection for rural areas requires antarasynergy governmenth village, governmenthdaerah, andnmasyarakat itself.
 
 

This research aims to analyze the handling of baby lobster smuggling crimes that occur in the KPPBC TMP Juanda working area, with a focus on the case study of Decision Number 760/Pid.B/2023/PN Sda. Misuse of fisheries resources, such as baby lobster smuggling, has significantly impacted the marine ecosystem and the national economy, especially for fishermen. This study evaluates the implementation of the law applied, the obstacles faced by law enforcement officers, as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement in this case. The results showed that the defendant, Andy Dewi Hardianto, was proven to have violated Article 102A letter a of the Customs Law and Article 55 paragraph (1) to 1 of the Criminal Code for smuggling more than 50,000 lobster seeds without valid customs documents. The Panel of Judges imposed a sentence of two years imprisonment and a fine of Rp500,000,000, with a provision for two months' imprisonment. The main obstacles in handling this case include weak supervision, limited apparatus resources, and the complexity of the international smuggling network.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penanganan tindak pidana penyelundupan baby lobster yang terjadi di wilayah kerja KPPBC TMP Juanda, dengan fokus pada studi kasus Putusan Nomor 760/Pid.B/2023/PN Sda. Penyalahgunaan sumber daya perikanan, seperti penyelundupan baby lobster, telah memberikan dampak negatif signifikan terhadap ekosistem laut dan perekonomian nasional, khususnya bagi para nelayan. Studi ini mengevaluasi implementasi hukum yang diterapkan, hambatan yang dihadapi aparat penegak hukum, serta efektivitas penegakan hukum dalam kasus ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdakwa, Andy Dwi Hardianto, terbukti melanggar Pasal 102A huruf a Undang-Undang Kepabeanan dan Pasal 55 ayat (1) ke-1 KUHP atas penyelundupan lebih dari 50.000 benih lobster tanpa dokumen pabean yang sah. Majelis Hakim menjatuhkan pidana dua tahun penjara dan denda Rp500.000.000, dengan ketentuan pengganti kurungan dua bulan. Kendala utama dalam penanganan kasus ini meliputi lemahnya pengawasan, keterbatasan sumber daya aparat, dan kompleksitas jaringan penyelundupan yang bersifat internasional.

This study aims to analyze the investigation of narcotics crimes conducted by the Mojokerto City Police in accordance with the provisions of Article 114 in conjunction with Article 112 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. These articles regulate the threat of criminal penalties for drug dealers and users, and provide a legal basis for law enforcement officers in carrying out the investigation process. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory approach and case analysis. The results of the study indicate that the investigation at the Mojokerto City Police has attempted to comply with applicable legal provisions, but there are obstacles such as a lack of competent human resources, obstacles in collecting evidence, and challenges in implementing rehabilitation for drug users. This study recommends increasing the capacity of investigators through training, optimizing cooperation with related agencies, and implementing more transparent and accountable investigation procedures.