The purpose of this study is to analyze consumer protection for Pineapple Chips UMKM that do not register SNI and BPOM, and to find out the process of determining SNI and BPOM certification for Pineapple Chips UMKM products that can provide legal certainty for business actors. Consumers have the right to comfort, security, and safety in consuming goods and/or services, products that must register SNI and BPOM to ensure consumer safety and security. The urgency of this research for consumers is the importance of choosing certified products. As well as for business actors to realize legal awareness in registering their products, in order to create legal protection, and as an evaluation of the government to provide counseling and guidance to MSMEs in registering their product certification. The research method used is sociological research with a statutory regulatory approach. The novelty of this research lies in the importance of legal protection for consumers by registering SNI and BPOM, as well as the determination or process of SNI and BPOM that should be carried out by the pineapple chips UMKM to create legal certainty. The results of the study showed that there are two forms of legal protection for consumers, namely preventive protection by conducting supervision once a year at the factory where the product is made, before it is distributed. BPOM carries out licensing by testing product content, product specifications, and processed materials used before being distributed. As well as repressive legal protection through litigation and non-litigation, if there is an unlawful act or a criminal act.
 
Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis perlindungan konsumen terhadap UMKM Keripik Nenas yang tidak mendaftarkan SNI dan BPOM, dan proses penetapan sertifikasi SNI dan BPOM pada produk UMKM Keripik Nenas yang dapat memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha. Konsumen berhak mendapatkan hak atas kenyamanan, keamanan, dan keselamatan dalam mengkonsumsi barang dan/atau jasa, hal ini dibuktikkan dengan produk harus mendaftarkan SNI dan BPOM untuk menjamin keamanan, keselamatan konsumen. Urgensi penelitian ini bagi konsumen pentingnya dalam memilih produk yang telah tersertivikasi. Serta bagi pelaku usaha untuk mewujudkan kesadaran hukum dalam mendaftarkan produknya, demi terciptanya perlindungan hukum, serta sebagai evaluasi kepada pemerintah untuk memberikan penyuluhan, dan pembinaan kepada UMKM dalam mendaftarkan sertifikasi produknya. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian sosiologis dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Kebaharuan penelitian ini terletak pada pentingnya perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dengan mendaftarkan SNI dan BPOM, serta penetapan atau proses SNI dan BPOM yang seharusnya dilakukan UMKM Keripik Nenas untuk menciptakan kepastian hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada dua bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen, yakni perlindungan preventif dengan melakukan pengawasan satu kali setahun di pabrik tempat pembuatan produk, sebelum diedarkan. BPOM melakukan perizinan dengan menguji kandungan produk, spesifikasi produk, bahan olahan yang digunakan sebelum diedarkan. Serta perlindungan hukum represif melalui litigasi dan non litigasi jika terjadi perbuatan melawan hukum, ataupun tindak pidana.

Autoimmune diseases, which are disorders where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, can affect anyone, including children and adults. These diseases often lead to serious tissue damage and physiological disturbances. Al Fuadi Binjai General Hospital, the primary healthcare facility in Binjai City, faces challenges in diagnosing autoimmune diseases in a timely manner due to limitations in time, cost, and distance. Delays in treatment can exacerbate patient conditions and slow recovery processes. The objective of this study is to develop a system that processes symptom and autoimmune disease data using the Dempster-Shafer method, which allows for uncertainty assessment in decision-making. Patient symptom data collected and analyzed using this method aims to determine the likelihood of autoimmune diseases. The developed system demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with the most accurate results for lupus with a confidence level of 94.40%. This result indicates that the Dempster-Shafer method can be an effective tool in accelerating the diagnostic process and improving the accuracy of autoimmune disease management at Al Fuadi Binjai General Hospital
 
 

The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of band learning in class XI of SMK Negeri 7 Padang. This type of research is a quantitative research with a descriptive analysis method. The research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted by supporting instruments in the form of documentation and diary.  Data was collected through literature studies, observations, interviews, and documentation. The steps of analyzing the data are data reduction and conclusions/withdrawal/verification. The results of the study show that the band learning process in Class XI Music SMK Negeri 7 Padang consists of planning, implementation and evaluation. Planning using lesson plans that are in accordance with the curriculum used by schools. The implementation refers to the RPP by showing videos about several songs from the rock music genre. The evaluation was carried out after the teacher's performance (exam) gave group and individual scores, but the performance was not satisfactory because the teacher did not fully accompany during the exercise. Based on the results of research that has been conducted as many as 4 meetings that band learning in class XI music SMK N 7 Padang does not run smoothly due to the lack of seriousness of students in learning, this can be seen from students only relying on lesson time as their learning and practice time, and there is a difference between lesson plans and learning in the classroom,  and there are also other factors such as the limitation of instruments and music studios for students to practice with groups.

Tree planting as a reforestation strategy is an important solution to overcome environmental and social problems in villages. This journal discusses the effectiveness of the tree planting program implemented in Mekar Agung Village, using an environmental and social approach. The program aims to improve environmental quality, reduce the impact of climate change, and strengthen social solidarity in village communities. The methodology used includes the implementation of planting activities, impact evaluation through measurement of environmental parameters such as reducing soil erosion and improving air quality, as well as analyzing changes in attitudes and community involvement. The results show that the program is effective in improving environmental quality, with significant improvements in soil and air quality. In addition, this program has also succeeded in strengthening social relations between residents through active participation in reforestation activities. These findings underscore the importance of an integrated approach that combines environmental and social aspects in greening programs to achieve sustainable and significant results.

This study aims to analyze the forms of discrimination experienced by Kuki women during the ethnic conflict in Manipur, India, in 2023, and to consider the state's accountability in addressing these issues. The conflict created an environment rife with violence and human rights violations, particularly against Kuki women. There is an urgent need for a deep understanding of the impact of this conflict to demand a swift and effective response to these issues. The research employs a normative legal methodology with a legislative approach and case studies, using international legal instruments as primary sources. The main findings highlight various forms of discrimination and human rights violations, emphasizing the importance of law enforcement and the protection of individual rights. The study also encourages concrete steps to safeguard individual rights and prevent future violations. In conclusion, this research underscores the necessity for a more effective and responsive government response from India in addressing discrimination and human rights violations, particularly against Kuki women in Manipur.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi yang dialami perempuan etnis Kuki selama konflik etnis di Manipur, India, pada tahun 2023, serta mempertimbangkan pertanggungjawaban negara dalam menangani permasalahan ini. Konflik tersebut menciptakan lingkungan penuh kekerasan dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, terutama terhadap perempuan etnis Kuki. Dengan urgensi perlunya pemahaman mendalam tentang dampak konflik tersebut untuk menuntut respon yang cepat dan efektif dalam menangani masalah. Metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan studi kasus digunakan, dengan instrumen hukum internasional sebagai sumber primer. Temuan utama menunjukan berbagai bentuk diskriminasi dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang terjadi, dengan pentingnya penegakan hukum dan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak individu, serta mendorong langkah-langkah konkret untuk melindungi hak-hak individu dan mencegah terjadinya pelanggaran di masa depan. Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini menekankan perlu adanya respon yang lebih efektif dan responsif dari pemerintah India dalam menanggapi diskriminasi dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, terutama terhadap perempuan etnis Kuki di Manipur.

Tanara Village as a Coastal Village has a potential source of food that comes from the sea, but the people around Tanara Village are still very low in consuming sea fish directly, therefore a way is needed so that the nutritional intake / nutrition consumed is able to meet the needs of the community's body. In supporting and encouraging nutritional intake, business actors have an important role to play in creating processed fish products made from marine fish with the aim of increasing appetite because they are stimulated by the results of the product variants created. Business actors must have the courage to innovate their product variants. The Lecturer Team and the KKM Group help provide solutions through assistance in terms of strategies to create innovative variants of processed seafood products for business people. This step is carried out through mentoring and training in creating flavor variants, product packaging and marketing. Another thing is that it is hoped that after the service assistance for business actors they can be more prosperous in the economic field.