Pendidikan inklusi menekankan pentingnya menyediakan kesempatan belajar yang setara bagi seluruh peserta didik, termasuk mereka yang memiliki kebutuhan khusus. Dalam implementasinya, keberhasilan pendidikan inklusi sangat bergantung pada kesiapan dan kompetensi guru dalam menghadapi heterogenitas siswa di kelas. Pelatihan guru yang inovatif menjadi salah satu strategi utama dalam menjawab tantangan tersebut. Inovasi dalam pelatihan guru mencakup pengembangan kurikulum pelatihan berbasis kebutuhan nyata di lapangan, penggunaan teknologi pendidikan untuk simulasi kasus inklusi, serta pendekatan pelatihan kolaboratif antara guru umum dan guru pendidikan khusus. Selain itu, model pelatihan berbasis praktik langsung dan reflektif terbukti efektif dalam membekali guru dengan keterampilan yang aplikatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program pelatihan yang terstruktur dan berkelanjutan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman guru tentang prinsip inklusi, strategi diferensiasi pembelajaran, dan manajemen kelas inklusif. Dengan demikian, inovasi dalam pelatihan guru tidak hanya meningkatkan kompetensi profesional, tetapi juga menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang suportif bagi semua siswa. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya dukungan kebijakan pendidikan yang mendorong penguatan kapasitas guru melalui pelatihan inklusif yang relevan, kontekstual, dan adaptif terhadap perkembangan zaman.

The application of technology-based human resource (HR) management in education is becoming increasingly important to enhance the quality of management and the development of teachers’ competencies. Technology, particularly through the use of Management Information Systems (SIM) and Learning Management Systems (LMS), enables more efficient data management and flexible professional development for teachers. However, its implementation faces key challenges such as limited infrastructure and low digital skills among some teachers. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to analyze relevant sources in order to identify the role of technology in HR management in education and the challenges faced in its implementation. The findings show that the application of technology in HR management in education has a positive impact on efficiency and teacher competence. However, the biggest challenges are limited infrastructure and digital skills of teachers. Policies supporting infrastructure improvements and digital training for teachers are necessary to ensure that technology can be optimally used to improve the quality of education in Indonesia.

In the midst of increasingly complex globalization, organizations must continue to innovate and maximize the potential of existing resources to achieve competitive advantage. Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a strategic role in managing employees as important organizational assets. This research uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to review various literatures that discuss the relationship between HRM strategies and achieving competitive advantage. The results of the literature analysis show that effective HRM strategies, including competency-based recruitment, employee development through training and education, fair reward systems, and the use of technology such as Human Resource Information System (HRIS), can improve organizational performance and competitiveness. In addition, transparent performance management and good internal communication are also important supporting factors. Nonetheless, challenges in implementing HRM strategies remain, such as changes in organizational culture and budget constraints, which require an adaptive approach. This research provides insights into how the right HRM strategy can contribute to the achievement of competitive advantage in the face of fast-changing global market dynamics.