This paper analyzes the victory of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Party in the 1971 General Election in Surabaya Regency as part of the local political dynamics during the early New Order period. Using a political history approach and a qualitative-descriptive method, the article examines the social, cultural, and political strategies that contributed to NU's success. Data were collected through literature review, archival documentation, and interviews with historical witnesses and community leaders. The findings indicate that the network of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and traditional clerics (kiai) played a crucial role in consolidating grassroots support, while the post-G30S social climate and public distrust toward secular parties further strengthened NU’s position. These findings demonstrate that, despite the pressure of a New Order regime that supported Golkar, traditional Islamic cultural forces were still able to carve out political victories at the local level. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how local cultural power can persist and even triumph within a centralized political system.

Guru merupakan pilar utama dalam dunia pendidikan yang tidak hanya berperan sebagai penyampai materi, tetapi juga sebagai pembentuk karakter, fasilitator pembelajaran, dan agen perubahan sosial. Dalam konteks pendidikan modern, peran guru telah berkembang secara signifikan, menuntut kompetensi multidimensional yang mencakup kemampuan pedagogik, sosial-emosional, teknologi, dan kultural. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran guru sebagai pendidik secara komprehensif serta mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi dalam dunia pendidikan masa kini. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi pustaka, data diperoleh dari berbagai literatur ilmiah yang relevan, dan dianalisis melalui teknik analisis konten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru memiliki peran strategis dalam membentuk peserta didik menjadi individu yang berkarakter, kritis, dan adaptif terhadap perubahan. Teori pendidikan humanistik, konstruktivisme, dan ekologi pendidikan memperkuat urgensi peran guru dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang inklusif dan bermakna. Namun demikian, guru juga menghadapi tekanan internal dan eksternal yang kompleks, seperti stres kerja, tuntutan teknologi, dan keberagaman siswa. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan dukungan sistemik dan strategi pengembangan profesional yang berkelanjutan untuk membentuk guru yang fleksibel, reflektif, dan progresif. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam peningkatan kualitas pendidikan melalui penguatan peran guru di era globalisasi.

Greenwashing poses significant challenges to sustainability initiatives in Indonesia, where weak regulatory frameworks and inconsistent enforcement exacerbate the issue. This study explores the interplay between greenwashing practices and legal regulations, aiming to identify gaps and propose solutions to address the problem. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research utilized document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and content observation to gather data from multiple stakeholders, including legal experts, industry practitioners, and consumer organizations. The findings reveal that 55% of sustainability claims in marketing materials lack verifiable evidence, highlighting transparency as a critical concern. Weak regulatory oversight and the absence of standardized definitions for terms like "sustainable" or "eco-friendly" further complicate the issue. The study identifies transparency, monitoring, and legal accountability as key themes requiring immediate attention. The research contributes to the existing literature by integrating legal perspectives with sustainable branding strategies, particularly in the context of developing countries. It also underscores the need for regulatory reforms that emphasize clear standards and stringent sanctions. Practical implications include recommendations for regulators to enhance oversight mechanisms and for companies to prioritize transparency to gain consumer trust. Future research should explore the effectiveness of standardized sustainability metrics and evaluate cross-country regulatory frameworks. This study offers a comprehensive foundation for addressing greenwashing and fostering authentic sustainability practices.

Kurangnya variasi model dan media pembelajaran membuat siswa sulit fokus, tidak tertantang untuk berpikir kritis, dan kurang termotivasi pada kegiatan pembelajaran IPA. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah model PBL dengan aplikasi Qreatif efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan semangat belajar siswa kelas IV pada pelajaran IPA di SD Pesisir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain kuasi eksperimen kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji t-test pada keterampilan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar menunjukkan nilai signifikansi <.001 (p < 0.05), yang mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan yang sangat signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Dengan demikian, penerapan model PBL berbantuan aplikasi Qreatif terbukti lebih efektif dibandingkan model konvensional dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di SDN Trajeng 1 Kota Pasuruan.

The implementation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) regulations in Indonesia is still in its developmental stage and faces several challenges in enforcement and compliance. Compared to developed countries, Indonesia's ESG framework lacks strong incentives and adequate regulatory oversight, leading to inconsistencies in corporate adherence. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of ESG regulations in Indonesia from a legal perspective and evaluate their impact on corporate compliance. A normative juridical approach was used, supplemented by case studies of companies that have implemented ESG principles. Data were collected through document analysis of regulatory frameworks, sustainability reports, and interviews with key stakeholders. The findings indicate that while the number of companies adopting ESG practices has increased significantly from 45 in 2018 to 675 in 2023, only 38% fully comply with ESG standards. Moreover, statistical analysis reveals a strong correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) between regulatory strictness and corporate adherence. Weak enforcement mechanisms and the voluntary nature of ESG reporting remain major obstacles to effective implementation. The study also highlights that firms integrating ESG principles tend to attract more investment and demonstrate better financial stability. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on ESG regulation by emphasizing the need for policy reforms, including stricter enforcement, standardized reporting mechanisms, and economic incentives to enhance compliance. This research provides a foundation for future comparative studies on ESG regulation and suggests integrating technology-based monitoring tools such as blockchain and artificial intelligence to improve corporate accountability and sustainability practices.

The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making processes has raised significant concerns regarding algorithmic bias and legal accountability. This study examines the regulatory challenges and enforcement gaps in addressing AI bias, with a particular focus on Indonesia’s legal landscape. Through a comparative analysis of AI governance frameworks in the European Union, the United States, China, and Indonesia, this research identifies key deficiencies in Indonesia’s regulatory approach. Unlike the EU’s AI Act, which incorporates risk-based classification and strict compliance measures, Indonesia lacks a dedicated AI legal framework, leading to limited enforcement mechanisms and unclear liability provisions.The findings highlight that transparency mandates alone are insufficient in mitigating algorithmic discrimination, as weak enforcement structures hinder effective regulatory oversight. Furthermore, the study challenges the notion that global AI regulatory harmonization is universally applicable, emphasizing the need for a context-sensitive hybrid model tailored to Indonesia’s socio-legal environment. The research suggests that Indonesia must adopt a comprehensive AI legal framework, strengthen regulatory institutions, and promote interdisciplinary collaboration between legal experts and AI developers. Future research should focus on empirical case studies, the development of context-specific AI accountability models, and the role of public engagement in AI bias mitigation. These efforts will be essential in shaping effective AI governance strategies that ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability in Indonesia’s digital transformation.

The supervision and enforcement of the advocate code of ethics in Indonesia continue to face various challenges, impacting the effectiveness of the existing regulatory framework. The number of ethical violations committed by advocates has been increasing, from 120 cases in 2018 to 345 cases in 2023, with the most prevalent infractions including conflicts of interest, abuse of authority, and gratification. One of the primary factors contributing to the weak enforcement of the code of ethics is the limited oversight system, which remains confined to advocate organizations without the involvement of independent institutions. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the advocate supervision system in Indonesia, compare it with best practices in other countries, and identify measures that can be implemented to enhance accountability and transparency within the profession. The research employs a normative legal method with a comparative law approach and empirical studies. The analysis is conducted on existing regulations, case reports on violations, and interviews with key stakeholders, including advocates, clients, and legal observers. The findings reveal that only 40% of reported violations result in strict sanctions, while merely 10% of advocates found guilty of ethical misconduct face license revocation. Additionally, a survey of 500 respondents indicates that only 35% of the public is aware of the complaint procedures against advocates who breach ethical standards, highlighting the low level of transparency in the supervision system. This study contributes to the discourse by recommending the establishment of an independent institution to oversee advocates' compliance with ethical standards, as well as the increased utilization of digital technology in the supervision system. With more transparent and accountable oversight reforms, it is expected that ethical violations within the legal profession can be minimized, thereby strengthening public trust in Indonesia’s legal system

This study presents the results of a survey conducted to analyze the impact of packaging training on the home industry of Samiler crackers in Mojojajar Village. A questionnaire was distributed to 25 respondents, including both consumers and producers of Samiler crackers. The findings reveal that 100% of respondents have purchased Samiler crackers, with 50% indicating that packaging is very important in their purchasing decisions. Additionally, 83.3% of respondents are willing to pay more for better packaging, highlighting the awareness of the importance of packaging quality. While many respondents find the current packaging design attractive, there is a need for improved information provided on the packaging. Recommendations for further development include enhancing packaging design, increasing awareness of government support for SMEs, and providing ongoing training on packaging techniques. This initiative is expected to contribute to local economic development and improve the welfare of the Mojojajar community.

This study explores the effectiveness of digital mediation in resolving civil disputes within Indonesia’s judiciary system, particularly in the era of rapid technological advancement. The growing backlog of cases and the high costs of litigation have emphasized the need for more efficient and accessible dispute resolution methods. Digital mediation emerges as a promising alternative, leveraging technology to bridge geographical barriers and reduce procedural delays. The study aims to analyze the factors influencing the success of digital mediation and identify challenges that hinder its implementation. Using a qualitative approach, this research collected primary data through in-depth interviews with mediators, disputing parties, and judicial policymakers. Secondary data were gathered from official court reports and relevant literature. The analysis involved thematic coding and interpretation of data to uncover patterns and insights. Case studies from urban, semi-urban, and rural courts provided a comprehensive understanding of the varying success rates of digital mediation. The findings reveal that mediator training in technology significantly enhances the success rate of digital mediation, particularly in urban areas with better digital infrastructure. However, rural areas face challenges such as limited internet access and low digital literacy, which impede the effectiveness of the mediation process. The study also highlights the importance of integrating judicial systems with digital mediation platforms and revising regulatory frameworks to ensure consistent implementation. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital mediation and offers practical implications for policymakers. It underscores the need for targeted training programs for mediators and investments in digital infrastructure to promote equitable access. The findings provide a roadmap for improving digital mediation practices and suggest further exploration of user experiences and longitudinal impacts. By addressing existing challenges, digital mediation can become a cornerstone of Indonesia’s civil dispute resolution in the digital age.

The cases of student brawls at school in Indramayu occur almost every year. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors that cause school efforts to prevent by integrating character education values in social studies subjects. The approach was qualitative with the type of case study research, data sources obtained from informants selected using purposive sampling through observation, interviews, and document studies. The location taken was at SMPN 1 Sliyeg and MTsN 3 Indramayu. The results showed that the factors that cause student brawls include the influence of the family environment, peers, and the school environment. School efforts to prevent brawls were carried out through the socialization of character education, which manifested in the form of school programs integrated into social studies subjects and the habituation of character integrity. Efforts to incorporate the value of character education in social studies subjects were carried out through a holistic approach, beginning with planning, implementation, and evaluation. The effort was analyzed using Talcott Parsons' AGIL theory. Based on the results of the study, the value of character education is a school strategy through integration in the program in social studies subjects to prevent continuous brawls by integrating character education to generate good citizens.