Environmental crises such as climate change, ecosystem degradation, and pollution have prompted countries to formulate environmental policies aimed at preserving environmental sustainability. However, the effectiveness of these policies is often questioned, particularly in their implementation. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of environmental policies implemented over the past decade on biodiversity, air quality, and waste management, as well as to identify implementation barriers and provide recommendations for policy improvement. The study employs a literature review method by analyzing various scientific sources, policy reports, and related documents. The evaluation results indicate that economic incentive-based policies, such as carbon taxes and renewable energy subsidies, tend to be more effective in reducing emissions and promoting clean energy adoption. Nevertheless, policy implementation frequently faces obstacles including lack of political support, limited resources, public resistance, and weak inter-sectoral coordination. Improvement strategies are needed, including enhanced cross-sector collaboration, strengthened data and information systems, and public education to support the success of sustainable environmental policies.

Along with the rapid advancement of digital technology, the practice of zakat payment has also evolved, such as by making non-cash zakat payments online. Online zakat payment offers the potential to reach zakat givers and recipients more broadly, as well as to increase efficiency in the collection and distribution of zakat funds through a digital system. However, this online zakat payment system still raises debates among the public regarding the validity of its implementation and the law, which is considered unclear because the method was not found in the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Therefore, this research was conducted to examine the concept, Islamic legal review, advantages and disadvantages, as well as challenges and solutions in the application of the online non-cash zakat payment system from the perspective of Islamic law. This research uses normative legal methods in qualitative form and by conducting a literature study of literature or library materials. The findings of this research show that online non-cash zakat payments are sharia-acceptable as long as they fulfill the pillars and conditions of zakat and are carried out by official amil zakat institutions or platforms affiliated with amil zakat institutions.

. Robbery (hirâbah) in Islamic criminal law (fikih jinayah) is defined as the act of taking someone else's property forcibly and openly on a public road by using violence or the threat of violence. Hirâbah is classified as jarîmah hudud because the type and punishment are strictly determined by shara'. Proof of jarîmah hirâbah in Islamic criminal law is based on the perpetrator's confession (iqrâr), testimony (shahâdah), and strong clues/indications (qarînah) that lead to the occurrence of the jarîmah. Legal sanctions for the perpetrators of hirâbah have been stipulated in the Quran surah Al-Maidah verse 33, which consists of the death penalty, crucifixion, cross-cutting of hands and feet, and exile / imprisonment.

Abstract. The purpose of this literature review article is to see how the effectiveness of a blended learning method in increasing student motivation. The method used in searching for articles using a database in the form of google search, google schoolar and DOAJ with the keywords blended learning, learning motivation, and students. The results of the data search used the keywords blended learning, learning motivation, and students, and collected 11 articles in full text form and were published in the last ten years. The result of this literature review is that the use of the blended learning method is effective in increasing students' learning motivation.
Keywords: Blended Learning, Learning Motivation, Student
 
Abstrak. Tujuan dari artikel literature review ini adalah ingin melihat bagaimana keefektifan sebuah metode pembelajaran blended learning dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar para siswa. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pencarian artikel menggunakan database berupa google search, google schoolar dan DOAJ dengan keyword blended learning, motivasi belajar, dan siswa. Hasil pencarian data menggunakan keyword blended learning, motivasi belajar, dan siswa, dan didapatkan sebanyak 11 artikel dengan bentuk fulltext serta merupakan terbitan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Hasil dari literature review ini adalah bahwa penggunaan metode blended learning efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar para siswa.
Kata kunci: Blended Learning, Motivasi Belajar, Siswa