This study aims to determine the role of innovation in developing start-up businesses. This study uses a descriptive research method. This method aims to describe and analyze the role of innovation in developing start-up businesses.  This research discusses the role of innovation in developing start-up businesses, covering aspects of product development, marketing, and management that can provide added value and create new markets.  Start-ups in Indonesia, especially internet-based ones, are growing rapidly due to technological advances and the increase in internet users in almost all walks of life. Innovation plays a key role in the world of entrepreneurship because it drives business growth and development, increases competitiveness, and creates new value for customers. Innovation is a key element for entrepreneurs who want to survive and thrive in this era of globalization and digitalization. Start-up businesses must continue to innovate in their products, services, and business models in order to compete in a dynamic market. Innovation allows companies to create added value for customers and deliver new solutions that are better than competitors.

In the digital era, the widespread use of social media has led to a significant rise in cyberbullying cases, which have severe psychological, social, and legal consequences for victims. In Indonesia, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) regulates cyberbullying; however, its implementation faces numerous challenges. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for cyberbullying victims in Indonesia and identify the challenges in enforcing existing regulations. Employing a juridical approach with qualitative analysis, this research examines relevant legal frameworks and conducts interviews with victims, legal practitioners, and law enforcement officials. Additionally, secondary data from official reports and court decisions are analyzed to understand the enforcement patterns of cyberbullying cases. Findings indicate that reported cyberbullying cases increased from 800 in 2018 to 3,800 in 2023, with the majority occurring on platforms such as TikTok and Instagram. However, only 20% of these reports were acted upon by authorities, and merely 5% resulted in legal consequences for perpetrators. Key obstacles in law enforcement include difficulties in identifying perpetrators using anonymous identities, lack of coordination between social media platforms and law enforcement agencies, and low public awareness regarding reporting mechanisms. This study contributes to policy recommendations aimed at strengthening legal protection for cyberbullying victims. These include regulatory reforms, increased digital literacy initiatives, and the optimization of technology in mitigating cyberbullying in Indonesia