This literature study examines the influence of Product Variants on Purchasing Decisions on Food products. Product Variants are one of several important aspects that manufacturers need to consider when making a product, because product variants play a role in providing a choice for consumers, product variants mean that each product produced by the company has various styles or categories. Product diversity is assessed based on two factors: product line diversity and differences in packaging size. Product line diversity indicates differences in characteristics such as brands, flavors, or ingredients. Packaging size diversity refers to differences in the amount found in a package. Having various styles or categories. Product diversity is assessed based on two factors: product line diversity and differences in packaging size. Product line diversity indicates differences in characteristics such as brands, flavors, or ingredients. Packaging size diversity refers to differences in the amount found in a package. This literature study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings regarding the role of product variants on purchasing decisions and identify other factors that influence product variants on food purchasing decision making. This study was conducted using a literature review method that analyzed various related sources. The results obtained from this study indicate that product variants have a positive and significant influence on food purchasing decision making.

This literature study examines the influence of teacher competence on student learning outcomes at various levels of Senior High Schools (SMA) in Indonesia. To improve student learning outcomes, teachers must be able to develop their competence in every learning process. The teacher competence in question includes pedagogical, professional, social, and personality competence. This study applies the literature review method through analysis of various relevant scientific sources. The results of the study revealed that teacher competence influences the improvement of student learning outcomes, although in some cases there are other variables such as student learning motivation and learning facilities that also contribute. Therefore, improving teacher competence needs to be a concern in efforts to improve the quality of education.

The main issue faced by the community in Pasuruan Regency is the shortage of a safe and adequate blood supply, especially for urgent needs such as accidents, surgeries, or certain illnesses. The Blood Donation Program initiated by students serves as a form of social service aimed at supporting blood stock availability and raising community awareness on the importance of blood donation. The method of implementation includes outreach to students and local residents, and collaboration with the local Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit (UTD PMI) to ensure strict health standards. Activities include direct blood donation, involving students and residents as volunteer donors. The outcome of this initiative is a significant increase in blood stock for the UTD PMI in Pasuruan Regency, along with a boost in community participation and understanding of the humanitarian value of blood donation as an essential social contribution.

The purpose of this study is to design and build a garden fence made of wood and recycled bottles in an effort to develop an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution. In addition to functioning as a room divider, this garden fence can also be used as a decorative component to add to the aesthetic appeal of the garden. This study examines the structural strength, material durability, and aesthetic value of the fence building using wood and recycled bottles. The method used in this activity is the ABCD method, the ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) approach method which is a mentoring method that prioritizes the utilization of assets and potentials around the community. This research method also evaluates the environmental impact and cost efficiency of using recycled materials. The results of the study show that a fence made of wood and recycled bottles can be a practical and attractive choice for a garden plan. This fence not only supports the management of plastic bottle waste, but also provides a smart solution that is financially efficient and affordable.

This study aims to analyze the influence of teachers' personality competencies on the formation of students' character in Senior High School (SMA). Teachers' personality competencies, such as discipline, responsibility, empathy, and example, play an important role in the character education process in schools. Teachers with positive personalities are able to create a conducive learning environment and provide good examples of behavior for students, thus helping the formation of strong and moral student character. Through social interaction in the school environment, students can develop positive attitudes, such as a sense of responsibility, hard work, honesty, and independence, which are essential for community life. This research is included in a qualitative research with a literature study approach to explore the influence of personality competence on character formation. The results of the study show that the teacher's personality competence has a significant influence on the development of students' character. The conclusion of this study is that teacher personality competence is one of the key factors in character education in high school.

This literature study examines the influence of learning motivation on learning outcomes in various elementary schools of the same level. Learning motivation is a dominant factor in achieving learning outcomes. Teaching and learning activities really need motivation. Motivation can function as a driver to achieve good results. A person will do an activity because of motivation in him/herself. High motivation in learning will achieve optimal results. This study applies the literature review method through the analysis of various relevant scientific sources. The results of the study revealed that student learning motivation has a significant influence on student learning outcomes. The influence of motivation has an important role because motivation is very much needed in the learning process of students to support them in acting in order to achieve the learning goals they want to achieve. Teachers are expected to continue to create and maintain an environment that supports student learning motivation in order to achieve maximum learning outcomes.

This literature study examines the influence of pedagogical competence on the learning outcomes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) in Indonesia. The teacher's effort in carrying out a task well, a teacher or lecturer must have high pedagogical competence in order to achieve educational goals. Teaching and learning process activities can be designed well if there are already educational goals, learning content, learning methods, learning media, and other educational elements, as well as a good relationship between students and teachers. This research applies literature by deciphering from various aligned academic sources. Research results show that teachers or educators really need pedagogical competence to develop student learning experience and streamline the learning process at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

Efisiensi layanan merupakan aspek penting yang mendukung keberhasilan operasional, terutama di tengah keterbatasan sumber daya dan meningkatnya permintaan. Optimalisasi penggunaan sumber daya diperlukan agar kinerja layanan tetap optimal dan berkualitas. Teknologi memegang peran vital dalam meningkatkan efisiensi, memungkinkan organisasi untuk menjaga kualitas layanan meskipun dengan keterbatasan yang ada. Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya, sebagai institusi pendidikan tinggi, berusaha meningkatkan efisiensi pelayanan dengan mengadakan denah kampus. Program ini bertujuan memudahkan mahasiswa baru dan pengunjung dalam menemukan lokasi di lingkungan kampus secara lebih cepat dan tepat. Melalui metode Participatory Action Research (PAR), program ini melibatkan partisipasi aktif dari civitas akademika untuk menciptakan solusi navigasi yang efisien. Papan denah yang dipasang di titik strategis kampus diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kenyamanan dan pengalaman pengguna, mengurangi kebingungan, serta mendukung kegiatan akademik dan administratif yang lebih efektif. Inisiatif ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kampus secara keseluruhan.

This research aims to explore the role of Emergency First Aid (PPGD) education as a tool to strengthen life skills in junior high school (SMP) students. PPGD education is very important to equip students with the basic knowledge and skills needed in emergency situations. At the junior high school level, many students still do not understand how to handle emergency situations, so this educational program is designed to increase their readiness to respond to various emergencies quickly and effectively. This research also highlights challenges in implementing the PPGD curriculum, such as availability of resources, teacher training, and effectiveness of teaching methods. In addition, the level of awareness of students and schools about the importance of PPGD skills was also analyzed, considering that low understanding can hinder the effectiveness of this program. It is hoped that the results of this research can make a significant contribution to improving students' life skills through more integrated health education in schools. PPGD education that is successfully implemented is expected to make junior high school students better prepared to face emergency situations, and able to provide fast and appropriate first aid.

The golden age of children, which is often called the Golden Age, is when children are between 0 and 6 years old. At this stage of development, children grow and change rapidly. The aim of this community service is to improve students' fine motor skills through origami paper folding activities, including eye and hand coordination abilities, finger flexibility, and accuracy in carrying out fine movements. This project uses the ABCD (Asset Based Communities Development) strategy or method, which is a community development approach that emphasizes the assets and qualities that the community already has. In general, the results of the activity of improving fine motor skills by using origami for kindergarten students at Dharma Wanita Association 3 Tambak Lekok, namely the target of solving the problem in using origami paper to make carrots, are children who have never previously known and make ornamental plants from the material. origami paper, but in the activity of Improving Fine Motor Skills Using Origami for Kindergarten Students of Dharma Wanita Association 3 Tambak Lekok with enthusiasm to follow and learn together in making carrots from origami materials. Because with this creative activity, children of their age become increasingly curious about what they didn't know before, thus encouraging and encouraging them to learn together in paper folding activities.