Technical and non-technical losses occurs when PLN distributes electricity from generators to customers. To reduce this loss, namely by grouping based on running hours and monitoring the customer's Load Profile parameters. Analysis of research is needed to reduce non-technical losses, especially for large power customers who use the AMR system, such as 189 UP3 Bima customers. In this research, 2 customers experienced a decrease in operating hours exceeding 100 hours, with indications of measurement anomalies in these customers. After normalizing the system, there was uncollected electricity usage from 2 customers totaling 120,457.43 kWh which had not been paid for. PLN UP3 Bima managed to reduce the shrinkage rate by 16% of the total non-technical shrinkage in June 2024 with a total of 749,686 kWh.
Keywords: Electricity distribution, kWh meter, non-technical losses. 
 
ABSTRAK
Susut teknis dan non teknis terjadi saat PLN mendistribusi tenaga listrik dari pembangkit hingga ke pelanggan. Untuk mengurangi susut tersebut yaitu dengan cara mengelompokkan berdasarkan jam nyala serta memantau parameter Load Profile pelanggan tersebut. Dibutuhkan suatu analisa atau penelitian, untuk menekan susut non teknis terutama pada pelanggan berdaya besar yang menggunakan sistem AMR, seperti pada pelanggan UP3 Bima sebanyak 189 pelanggan. Pada penelitian ini ada 2 pelanggan yang mengalami penurunan jam nyala melebihi 100 jam, dengan indikasi adanya anomali pengukuran di pelanggan tersebut. Setelah dilakukan penormalan sistem terdapat pemakaian tenaga listrik belum tertagih dari 2 pelanggan total sebesar 120.457,43 kWh yang belum terbayar. PLN UP3 Bima berhasil menekan angka susut sebesar 16% dari total susut nonteknis bulan Juni 2024 dengan jumlah 749.686 kWh.

The three-phase induction motor is one of the most widely used types of electric motor in the industrial world. In its application to regulate the speed and improve the efficiency of the motor used the method of Variable frequency drive (VFD) by changing the input frequencies. The final task uses a simulated simulation method of the simulink matlab that will analyze the influence of frequency and voltage changes on speed, slip, and motor efficiency. The results show that frequency and voltage changes have an impact on induction motor performance that includes speed, slip, and efficiency. Often, they scream and shout. From a frequency of 50 Hz, every 10 percent decrease in the Frequency then the speed also decreases by about 10 percent. Frequencies of 50 Hz and 45 Hz produce speeds of 1440 rpm and 1295 rpm. For the slip, the increase in frequency leads to a decrease in the motor slip value. At the frequencies of 50 Hz and 45 Hz produced slide values of 4% and 16%. The highest efficiency is given at a torque load of 5 Nm and a frequency of 50 Hz with an efficiency of 97%.

Keywords: 3-phase induction engine, VFD, Matlab, Frequency, Speed, Slip, Efficiency

ABSTRAK

Motor induksi tiga fasa adalah salah satu jenis motor listrik yang paling banyak digunakan dalam dunia industri. Dalam penerapannya untuk mengatur kecepatan dan meningkatkan efisiensi motor digunakan metode Variable frequency drive (VFD) dengan mengubah frekuensi masukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode simulasi matlab simulink yang akan menganalisa mengenai pengaruh perubahan frekuensi dan tegangan terhadap kecepatan, slip, dan efisiensi motor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan frekuensi dan tegangan mempunyai dampak terhadap kinerja motor induksi yang meliputi kecepatan, slip, dan efisiensi. Frekuensi berbanding lurus dengan kecepatan dan efisiensi. Dari frekuensi 50 Hz, setiap penurunan frekuensi 10% maka kecepatan juga turun sekitar 10%. Frekuensi 50 Hz dan 45 Hz menghasilkan kecepatan 1440 Rpm dan 1295 Rpm. Untuk slip, kenaikan frekuensi menyebabkan turunnya nilai slip motor. Pada frekuensi 50 Hz dan 45 Hz menghasilkan nilai slip 4% dan 16%. Sedangkan untuk nilai efisiensi tertinggi terjadi ketika diberi beban torsi 5 N.m dan frekuensi 50 Hz dengan efisiensi sebesar 97%.

The South Sulawesi electrical system, which is an interconnected network supplying electricity to South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi, faces new challenges in integrating wind power plants (PLTB) into frequency stability. This study analyzes the impact of integrating wind power plants (PLTB) on the frequency stability of the Sulbagsel electrical system, focusing on the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). Under normal conditions without PLTB, the system frequency remains stable at 50 Hz during both daytime and nighttime peak loads. Integration of PLTB causes the frequency to increase from 50 Hz to a maximum peak, ranging from 50.111 Hz to 50.978 Hz during the day and from 50.113 Hz to 50.613 Hz at night. A frequency decrease occurs when the PLTB is removed, with the frequency dropping from 50 Hz to a minimum value between 49.270 Hz and 49.884 Hz during the day and between 49.326 Hz and 49.884 Hz at night. These frequency fluctuations indicate the system's sensitivity to power variability from wind energy and the chal-lenges in managing frequency drops due to the loss of PLTB. The system response varies during peak load periods in the day and night, with smaller frequency fluctuations during the day compared to nighttime, possibly due to differences in load demand profiles and generator composition. These findings provide insights into the impact of PLTB on frequency stability and power management in renewable energy-based electrical systems.

Keywords: WPP Integration, Frequency Stability, Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF).

ABSTRAK

Sistem kelistrikan Sulawesi Selatan, yang merupakan jaringan interkoneksi yang memasok energi listrik ke Sulawesi Se-latan, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Tengah, dan Sulawesi Tenggara, menghadapi tantangan baru dalam integrasi pembang-kit listrik tenaga bayu (PLTB) terhadap stabilitas frekuensi. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak integrasi pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu (PLTB) terhadap stabilitas frekuensi sistem kelistrikan Sulbagsel, dengan fokus pada rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). Dalam kondisi normal tanpa PLTB, frekuensi sistem tetap stabil pada 50 Hz baik pada beban puncak siang maupun malam. Integrasi PLTB menyebabkan frekuensi meningkat dari 50 Hz hingga puncak maksimum, yaitu anta-ra 50,111 Hz hingga 50,978 Hz pada siang hari, dan antara 50,113 Hz hingga 50,613 Hz pada malam hari. Penurunan frekuensi terjadi ketika PLTB dihilangkan, dengan frekuensi turun dari 50 Hz ke nilai minimum antara 49,270 Hz hingga 49,884 Hz pada siang hari, dan antara 49,326 Hz hingga 49,884 Hz pada malam hari. Fluktuasi frekuensi menunjukkan sensitivitas sistem terhadap variabilitas daya dari energi angin dan tantangan dalam mengelola penurunan frekuensi akibat kehilangan PLTB. Respons sistem bervariasi pada periode beban puncak siang dan malam, dengan fluktuasi frek-uensi lebih kecil pada siang hari dibandingkan malam hari, kemungkinan disebabkan oleh perbedaan profil permintaan beban dan komposisi pembangkit. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan mengenai pengaruh PLTB terhadap kestabilan frek-uensi dan manajemen daya dalam sistem kelistrikan berbasis energi terbarukan.

<p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="Abstract">The public is increasingly interested in the broiler chicken business as a business venture because market demand for broiler chickens is increasing. The aim of this research is to measure the amount of electricity used in the chicken coop and create a daily load schedule for one month, determine the capacity of the solar panels based on the area roof that is currently used, and designing a PLTS system to meet the needs of the chicken coop and creating an electricity loading pattern of 50% PLTS and 50% PLN. The data collection methods used are observation, calculation, literature study and geographical study. The results of this research after carrying out calculations to meet the power requirements needed to supply the electricity needs in the chicken coop are 12.15 kW of the power that will be produced by PLTS using a 405 Wp capacity module with a total of 30 solar panels arranged in series of 5 and parallel. 6 which will produce a maximum array voltage of 210 volts and a maximum current of 57.9 Amperes which will produce a power of 12.15 kW. Solar irradiation in chicken coops in Tegalharjo Trangkil Village varies throughout the year, with the planning design utilizing the lowest solar radiation intensity value in January (4.38 kWh/m²/day) and an average solar radiation intensity of 5.43 kWh/m²/day to guarantee maximum electrical energy output throughout the year.     </p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords: </em><em>Broiler Coop, PLTS, On Grid</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p>Masyarakat semakin tertarik dengan bisnis ayam broiler ini sebagai sebuah usaha bisnis karena permintaan pasar terhadap ayam broiler yang semakin meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengukur jumlah listrik yang digunakan di kandang ayam dan buat jadwal beban harian selama satu bulan, menentukan kapasitas panel surya berdasarkan luas atap yang digunakan saat ini, dan merancang sistem PLTS untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kandang ayam dan membuat pola pembebanan listrik yaitu 50%  PLTS dan 50% PLN. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, perhitungan, studi literatur dan studi geografis. Hasil dari penelitian ini setelah melakukan perhitungan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan daya yang diperlukan untuk mensuplai kebutuhan listrik dikandang ayam yaitu sebesar 12,15 kW dari daya yang akan dihasilkan PLTS menggunakan modul berkapasitas 405 Wp dengan jumlah panel surya sebanyak 30 buah yang disusun secara seri 5 dan parallel 6 yang akan menghasilkan tegangan maksimum array yang akan dibangkitkan sebesar 210 volt dan arus maksimum 57,9 Ampere yang akan menghasilkan daya sebesar 12,15 kW. Iradiasi matahari pada kandang ayam di Desa Tegalharjo Trangkil bervariasi sepanjang tahun, dengan rancangan perencanaan memanfaatkan nilai intensitas radiasi matahari terendah bulan Januari (4,38 kWh/m²/hari) dan rata-rata intensitas radiasi matahari sebesar 5,43 kWh/m²/hari untuk menjamin keluaran energi listrik maksimum sepanjang tahun.<p> </p>

<em>T<em><span>The induction motor is the electric drive for industry so special attention is needed for maintainance and control system. Induction motors pulling high starting currents at starting. Various starting methods have been developed to overcome this problem, one of which is the Direct On-Line starting method. This method is the most common method because it is the easiest and cheapest to use, but there is high inrush current arround 6-8 times the nominal current will pulled by induction motor when using this method. This starting current can cause several disturbances, both from the electricity network, damaging the motor and can cause fatal losses to the electric power system.This research discusses the application of the Soft Starter starting method to a 3-phase induction motor to reduce the high starting current pulled by a 3-phase induction motor. The induction motor used in this study is a squirrel cage rotor type with 4kVA power, a rotational speed of 1430 r.p.m, a frequency of 50 Hz, and a voltage of 380 V. The Soft Starter system in this study uses 6 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor </span><span lang="IN">(</span><span>IGBT</span><span lang="IN">)</span></em><em><span>power electronics switches which are controlled using a sine-triangle PWM and sine - Sawtooth PWM. MATLAB SIMULINK is used to simulate the application of the soft starter starting method on a 3-phase induction motor.The results prove that the Soft Starter method is successful in reducing staring currents when compared to the Direct On-Line method. When using the Direct On-Line method the starting current is 77.29 78.80 A, when using the sine-triangle soft starter method the starting current is 60,46 61,46 A, and when using the sine-sawtooth soft starter method. starting 59,96 60,60 A. However, at steady state conditions, the Direct On-Line rotational speed is better than the Soft Starter because when using the Soft Starter method the voltage is cut. Soft St</span></em></em>

<p><em>A power transformer is electrical power equipment that works to transmit power or electrical power from high voltage to low voltage or on the contrary. In the operation of distributing electricity, the transformer can be said to be the heart of transmission and distribution. In this condition, a transformer is expected to operate optimally according to its function.. If the isolation state of the transformer deteriorates, it can have an impact on operating failure and the most fatal of which is that the transformer is damaged which can cause disturbances in the electrical system. To overcome this, it is necessary to analyze the isolation resistance.</em></p><p><em>This study analyzes the isolation resistance on a transformer using the polarization index, tangent delta and oil breakdown voltage methods to determine the quality of the isolation on the transformer. This study took data at the 150 Kv substation Tegal. The data used include polarization index test data, tangent delta data, bottom oil breakdown voltage test data, and OLTC oil. After the data is obtained, then calculations and analyzes are carried out to obtain accurate results.</em></p><p><em>The test results at the 150 Kv substation Tegal showed the polarization index value with the lowest IP of 1.26 in the primary-ground section and the highest IP of 1.97 in the primary-secondary section is still in good condition. The results of the tangent delta test are still in good condition, only in the CHT mode experienced a negative delta tan deterioration of 0.07%. The result of the average oil test is still suitable for use with 69.9 Kv of bottom oil and 53.3 Kv of OLTC oil.</em></p>