The purpose of this study is to examine the legal standing of testaments that forgo a spouse's right to inherit in the event of their death. This study is necessary because, while everyone has the right to draft a testament according to their desires, this does not absolve the contents of the testament from being based on applicable laws and regulations. This study was carried out utilizing a doctrinal and statutory method in a normative juridical manner. The study concludes that a testator's intentions are free to be included in a will; nonetheless, the Indonesian Civil Code governs the legitimacy of Legitieme Portie. Thus, if a testament is written by a spouse whose marriage has entered into a marital agreement to separate assets, and its contents eliminate the longest-living spouse's inheritance rights, then that will not violate the rights of the longest-living spouse because it is based on Article 914 of the Indonesian Civil Code that the husband or wife does not have Legitime Portie. In the meantime, a testament written by a spouse whose marriage did not result in a marital agreement that separates assets only applies to the portion of the maker's assets; in other words, the longest-living spouse still receives a share as part of the joint assets in marriage. 

Increased activity in the business sector has led to competition, which has led to business disputes between business actors. Arbitration is a form of non-litigation dispute resolution with confidential, fast, simple, and measurable costs. This research uses a normative-dogmatic judicial research method with a statutory and regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. It is hoped that the presence of BANI Surabaya will be able to play a significant role in answering the needs of business actors in a non-litigation manner, especially in the city of Surabaya and its surroundings. The majority of dispute completions completed by BANI Surabaya are construction projects involving technical matters. The diversity of backgrounds and experiences of the arbitrators at BANI Surabaya can complement the results of the decisions made. BANI Surabaya has a role in administering the settlement process through arbitration based on applicable provisions.

Every person experiences disagreements, conflicts, issues, and confrontations in their lifetime. Nobody wants to get into a disagreement with someone else. Each business actor, particularly in economic activities, should always be prepared for the possibility of disagreements that may arise at any point in the future. Here, the business actor will select the form of dispute resolution that best fits their requirements. This study employed a normative juridical research methodology that combines a doctrinal and statutory regulation approach. This study concludes that arbitration is a non-litigation dispute settlement mechanism. With its many benefits, arbitration plays a big part in settling business conflicts.

This research aims to analyze the form of legal protections for consumers against the purchase of drugs containing psychotropic substances on the online marketplace. the rapid development of e-commerce in recent years when the internet was introduced.  With the internet, transactions in trade no longer see national boundaries.  This ease of accessing the internet makes consumers of e-commerce increase, one of which is in the online marketplace, due to the ease of payment systems, practicality, short time to make it more efficient, as well as the many attractive promos provided.  The implementation of transactions from this rapidly growing online marketplace also needs to be balanced with strict supervision.  The research method used is normative juridical and then analyzed with secondary data in the form of primary and secondary legal materials.  The results of this study indicate that the form of legal protection for consumers against the purchase of drugs containing psychotropic substances on the online marketplace can be in the form of delivering complete and accurate information about products that are traded online.  Nowever, there must still be the responsibility from the online marketplace or business actors to consumers.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap pembelian obat mengandung psikotropika pada online marketplace. Hadirnya teknologi internet mengakibatkan transaksi dalam perdagangan tidak lagi melihat batas-batas wilayah negara. Kemudahan dalam mengakses internet menimbulkan peningkatan konsumen e-commerce, salah satunya pada online marketplace. Terdapat berbagai fasilitas dalam sistem pembayaran, praktis, banyaknya pilihan produk, singkatnya waktu sehingga membuat lebih efisien, serta berbagai macam promo menarik yang diberikan. Tentunya pelaksanaan transaksi dari online marketplace yang berkembang pesat ini juga perlu diimbangi dengan adanya pengawasan yang tegas terutama terkait beredarnya obat-obatan yang mengandung psikotropika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif kemudian dianalisa dengan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap pembelian obat mengandung psikotropika pada online marketplace dapat berupa penyampaian informasi yang lengkap dan akurat mengenai produk yang diperjualbelikan secara online. Namun, tetap saja harus ada tanggung jawab dari online marketplace atau para pelaku usaha kepada konsumen.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hukum antar perusahaan dalam sistem perusahaan grup ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan untuk mengetahui peran serta tanggung jawab perusahaan induk dalam kegiatan operasional anak-anak perusahaannya.  Fenomena perusahaan grup ini menimbulkan celah hukum terkait dengan kekosongan norma  dalam pelaksanaan perusahaan induk dan perusahaan anak sebab konsepsi mengenai perusahaan grup tidak berada dalam ranah hukum karena perusahaan grup lebih mengacu kepada realitas bisnis.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Yuridis Normatif dengan melakukan studi pustaka yang menggunakan berbagai teori hukum dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas tidak mengenal adanya hubungan khusus antara induk perusahaan dan anak perusahaan.  Dalam sebuah  perusahaan grup  hubungan antara perusahaan induk dan perusahaan anak tidak lebih dan tidak kurang adalah hubungan sebagai perusahaan dan pemegang sahamnya saja. Hak dan kewajiban kedua jenis perusahaan sebatas apa yang telah diperjanjikan dalam Anggaran Dasar atau perjanjian-perjanjian  shareholder agreement  yang telah di tandatangani. Segala perbuatan dari anak-anak perusahaan adalah perbuatan mandiri dari perusahaan itu sendiri. Jadi dapat dipahami bahwa perusahaan induk tetap memiliki prinsip tanggung jawab terbatas sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab pemegang saham dalam sebuah perusahaan.