The purpose of this study is to examine the legal standing of testaments that forgo a spouse's right to inherit in the event of their death. This study is necessary because, while everyone has the right to draft a testament according to their desires, this does not absolve the contents of the testament from being based on applicable laws and regulations. This study was carried out utilizing a doctrinal and statutory method in a normative juridical manner. The study concludes that a testator's intentions are free to be included in a will; nonetheless, the Indonesian Civil Code governs the legitimacy of Legitieme Portie. Thus, if a testament is written by a spouse whose marriage has entered into a marital agreement to separate assets, and its contents eliminate the longest-living spouse's inheritance rights, then that will not violate the rights of the longest-living spouse because it is based on Article 914 of the Indonesian Civil Code that the husband or wife does not have Legitime Portie. In the meantime, a testament written by a spouse whose marriage did not result in a marital agreement that separates assets only applies to the portion of the maker's assets; in other words, the longest-living spouse still receives a share as part of the joint assets in marriage. 

Vocational training in Indonesia is organised based on cooperation or mutual agreement between educational institutions and companies. This research highlights the unavailability of legal regulations that specifically protect vocational trainees. The lack of specific regulations causes the implementation of existing labour regulations to be limited to companies where vocational training is held. Through this normative jurisprudence research, it can be seen that the vacuum legis condition, namely the existence of a vacuum of specific legal rules, has begun to have a solution. The Indonesian government has actually started to improve the quality of human resources through vocational education and training by making three new regulations related to vocational training. There are three new regulations that have been issued, namely: Presidential Regulation No. 68 of 2033 concerning Revitalisation of Vocational Education and Vocational Training issued on 27 April 2022. Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Culture Regulation No. 5 of 2022 governing the Organisation and Working Procedures of the National Coordination Team for Revitalising Vocational Education and Vocational Training, promulgated on 14 September 2022. Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Culture Regulation No. 6 of 2022 on the National Strategy for Vocational Education and Vocational Training, also promulgated on 14 September 2022. It is expected that these regulations can be implemented to protect the individual rights of prospective workers in vocational training in Indonesia.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hukum antar perusahaan dalam sistem perusahaan grup ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas dan untuk mengetahui peran serta tanggung jawab perusahaan induk dalam kegiatan operasional anak-anak perusahaannya.  Fenomena perusahaan grup ini menimbulkan celah hukum terkait dengan kekosongan norma  dalam pelaksanaan perusahaan induk dan perusahaan anak sebab konsepsi mengenai perusahaan grup tidak berada dalam ranah hukum karena perusahaan grup lebih mengacu kepada realitas bisnis.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Yuridis Normatif dengan melakukan studi pustaka yang menggunakan berbagai teori hukum dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas tidak mengenal adanya hubungan khusus antara induk perusahaan dan anak perusahaan.  Dalam sebuah  perusahaan grup  hubungan antara perusahaan induk dan perusahaan anak tidak lebih dan tidak kurang adalah hubungan sebagai perusahaan dan pemegang sahamnya saja. Hak dan kewajiban kedua jenis perusahaan sebatas apa yang telah diperjanjikan dalam Anggaran Dasar atau perjanjian-perjanjian  shareholder agreement  yang telah di tandatangani. Segala perbuatan dari anak-anak perusahaan adalah perbuatan mandiri dari perusahaan itu sendiri. Jadi dapat dipahami bahwa perusahaan induk tetap memiliki prinsip tanggung jawab terbatas sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab pemegang saham dalam sebuah perusahaan.