A reliable electrical grid the power plant scheduling system needs to optimize the plant's performance by considering the economic value and the value of emissions generated by the plant, in addition to the reliability and economic sectors. This system should also take into account the environmental impact, as well as the CO2 and CH4 emissions produced by the plant. This research will use the Dragonfly Algorithm with weighting parameters to schedule hydro and thermal facilities' emissions and economic activities. That the weighting value impacts production costs and emissions is demonstrated by the data acquired from the Dragonfly Algorithm simulation. If economic considerations take precedence in assigning weights, then low-cost generating will result in high-value emissions, and vice versa. The plant's Emission Intensity rating also meets the standards established by the government.

Tan delta merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam pengujian kualitas isolasi pada stator generator, yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi dan performa sistem isolasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil pengujian tan delta pada stator generator setelah proses overhaul, menggunakan perangkat Omicron CPC 100 dan CP-TD1 di PLTU Sumber Alam Sekurau, Tanjung Selor. Proses pengujian melibatkan pengukuran nilai tan delta pada berbagai level tegangan, sesuai dengan standar pengujian internasional, untuk menentukan tingkat degradasi atau kerusakan pada material isolasi. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan nilai tan delta sebelum dan sesudah overhaul, serta mengevaluasi efisiensi proses perawatan terhadap kualitas isolasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tan delta pada stator generator mengalami perubahan signifikan setelah overhaul, dimana nilai tan delta berada dalam rentang batas aman yang ditetapkan oleh standar IEC 60034-27-3: Dissipation Factor Acceptance Criteria for Stator Winding Insulation. Penggunaan perangkat Omicron CPC 100 dan CP-TD1 terbukti memberikan hasil pengujian yang akurat dan dapat diandalkan, sehingga mempermudah evaluasi kondisi isolasi secara komprehensif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pengujian tan delta merupakan langkah krusial untuk memastikan keandalan operasi generator pasca-overhaul. Hasil analisis ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk perawatan dan pengujian berkala guna meminimalkan risiko kerusakan isolasi serta meningkatkan efisiensi dan keandalan sistem pembangkitan di PLTU.

The three-phase induction motor is one of the most widely used types of electric motor in the industrial world. In its application to regulate the speed and improve the efficiency of the motor used the method of Variable frequency drive (VFD) by changing the input frequencies. The final task uses a simulated simulation method of the simulink matlab that will analyze the influence of frequency and voltage changes on speed, slip, and motor efficiency. The results show that frequency and voltage changes have an impact on induction motor performance that includes speed, slip, and efficiency. Often, they scream and shout. From a frequency of 50 Hz, every 10 percent decrease in the Frequency then the speed also decreases by about 10 percent. Frequencies of 50 Hz and 45 Hz produce speeds of 1440 rpm and 1295 rpm. For the slip, the increase in frequency leads to a decrease in the motor slip value. At the frequencies of 50 Hz and 45 Hz produced slide values of 4% and 16%. The highest efficiency is given at a torque load of 5 Nm and a frequency of 50 Hz with an efficiency of 97%.

Keywords: 3-phase induction engine, VFD, Matlab, Frequency, Speed, Slip, Efficiency

ABSTRAK

Motor induksi tiga fasa adalah salah satu jenis motor listrik yang paling banyak digunakan dalam dunia industri. Dalam penerapannya untuk mengatur kecepatan dan meningkatkan efisiensi motor digunakan metode Variable frequency drive (VFD) dengan mengubah frekuensi masukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode simulasi matlab simulink yang akan menganalisa mengenai pengaruh perubahan frekuensi dan tegangan terhadap kecepatan, slip, dan efisiensi motor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan frekuensi dan tegangan mempunyai dampak terhadap kinerja motor induksi yang meliputi kecepatan, slip, dan efisiensi. Frekuensi berbanding lurus dengan kecepatan dan efisiensi. Dari frekuensi 50 Hz, setiap penurunan frekuensi 10% maka kecepatan juga turun sekitar 10%. Frekuensi 50 Hz dan 45 Hz menghasilkan kecepatan 1440 Rpm dan 1295 Rpm. Untuk slip, kenaikan frekuensi menyebabkan turunnya nilai slip motor. Pada frekuensi 50 Hz dan 45 Hz menghasilkan nilai slip 4% dan 16%. Sedangkan untuk nilai efisiensi tertinggi terjadi ketika diberi beban torsi 5 N.m dan frekuensi 50 Hz dengan efisiensi sebesar 97%.

<p class="Text"><em>In Kendal, smoked fish producers generally use the hot smoking method, in which the fish is placed close to the smoke source and smoked for three to four hours. The upside is that it has a significant impact on supporting many human endeavors, such as in industrial fishing and food processing. While the negative impact on the environment, such as environmental damage due to global warming, and air pollution. To overcome this problem, a prototype of an environmentally friendly Electrostatic Precipitator chimney has been created. This prototype is operated using power from a Solar Power Plant (PLTS). The results of this study indicate the potential absorption of solar radiation by solar cells shows good efficiency in the first test, the efficiency of solar cells recorded the lowest value of 8.50%, the highest reached 15.76%, with an average of 13.03%. Furthermore, in the second test, the efficiency of the Solar Cell showed an increase, recording the lowest value of 12.83%, the highest reaching 17.19%, and an average of 14.72%. The best test is in the second test because the first test is cloudy and drizzling. By utilizing the intensity of solar radiation as a resource, the Electrostatic Precipitator can be operated quite well. In the two tests carried out, the average output power of solar panels reached 28.51 and 49.49 Watts. Meanwhile, for the power used as the input of the tool in the two experiments, the values recorded were 30.70 and 10.33 Watts.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Fumigation, Electrostatic Precipitator, PLTS (Solar Power Plant)</em></p><p> </p><p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK  </strong></p><p>Di Kendal, para produsen ikan asap umumnya menggunakan metode pengasapan panas, di mana ikan diletakkan dekat dengan sumber asap dan diasapi selama tiga hingga empat jam. Dampak positifnya adalah memiliki dampak yang signifikan untuk mendukung banyak usaha manusia, seperti di bidang indutsri perikanan dan pengolahan makanan. Sedangkan, dampak negatifnya terhadap lingkungan, seperti kerusakan lingkungan akibat pemanasan global, dan polusi udara. Untuk menangani masalah tersebut, telah dibuat sebuah prototipe cerobong <em>Electrostatic Precipitator </em>yang ramah lingkungan. Prototipe ini dioperasikan menggunakan tenaga dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi tingkat penyerapan radiasi matahari oleh <em>Solar Cell</em> menunjukkan efisiensi yang baik pada pengujian pertama, efisiensi <em>Solar Cell</em> tercatat nilai terendah sebesar 8,50 %, tertinggi mencapai 15,76 %, dengan rata-rata 13,03%. Selanjutnya, pada pengujian kedua, efisiensi <em>Solar Cell</em> menunjukkan peningkatan, mencatat nilai terendah sebesar 12,83 %, tertinggi mencapai 17,19 %, dan rata-rata sebesar 14,72 %. Pengujian terbaik terdapat pada pengujian kedua dikarenakan pengujian pertama terdapat cuaca mendung dan gerimis. Dengan memanfaatkan intensitas radiasi matahari sebagai sumber daya, alat <em>Electrostatic Precipitator </em>dapat dioperasikan dengan cukup baik. Pada dua pengujian yang dilakukan, rata-rata daya <em>Output </em> panel surya mencapai 28,51 dan 49,49 <em>Watt</em>. Sementara itu, untuk daya yang digunakan sebagai <em>Input </em>alat tersebut dalam dua percobaan, nilai yang tercatat adalah 30,70 dan 10,33 <em>Watt</em>.</p>

<p><em>The reliability of an electric power distribution network system is very important to ensure a good quality of service for consumers. The focus of this study is to find the optimal protection coordination design, topology and operating scheme for RDT03 refiners in the Tambak Aji Industrial Estate. To show the level of reliability and continuity of the electric power distribution network, the SAIFI index (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) and the SAIDI index (System Average Interruption Duration Index) are used. The existing recloser located in section 25 resulted in a SAIFI value of 0.8933 and a SAIDI of 2.407. Using the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) optimization method, the results were obtained that the Best Fitness for the most optimal recloser placement was in section 29 with a SAIFI value of 0.32575 and a SAIDI value of 1.0558. This change in recloser placement resulted in a decrease in SAIFI by 36% or by 0.5675 times / year / customer and a decrease in the value of SAIDI by 43.61% or by 1.3649 hours / year / customer. Thus, there is an increase in network reliability if the recloser at the RDT03 feeder is relocated to the location of section 29.</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p class="IndexTerms"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Reliability, Recloser, SAIFI, SAIDI, Particle Swarm Optimization</p><p> </p><p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Keandalan suatu sistem jaringan distribusi tenaga listrik merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk menjamin mutu pelayanan yang baik bagi konsumen. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari desain koordinasi proteksi, topologi dan skema operasi yang optimal untuk penyulang RDT03 di Kawasan Industri Tambak Aji. Untuk menunjukkan tingkat keandalan dan kontinuitas jaringan distribusi tenaga listrik digunakan indeks SAIFI (<em>System Average Interruption Frequency Index</em>) dan indeks SAIDI (<em>System Average Interruption Duration Index</em>). Hasil optimalisasi menggunakan PSO (<em>Particle Swarm Optimization</em>), didapatkan hasil bahwa <em>Best Fitness</em> untuk penempatan <em>recloser</em> yang paling optimal adalah pada <em>section</em> 29 dengan nilai SAIFI sebesar 0.32575 dan nilai SAIDI sebesar 1.0558. Dengan menggunakan PSO, diperoleh lokasi letak <em>recloser</em> yang baru dengan nilai SAIFI yang lebih optimal dengan penurunan sebesar 36% atau sebesar 0,5675 kali/tahun/pelanggan dan penurunan nilai SAIDI sebesar 43,61% atau sebesar 1,3649 jam/tahun/pelanggan. Jika dibandingkan dengan letak <em>recloser exsisting, recloser existing</em> terletak pada <em>section</em> 25 dengan nilai SAIFI sebesar 0,8933 dan SAIDI sebesar 2,407. Dengan demikian terdapat peningkatan keandalan jaringan jika recloser pada penyulang RDT03 direlokasi menuju lokasi <em>section</em> 29.</p>

<em>T<em><span>The induction motor is the electric drive for industry so special attention is needed for maintainance and control system. Induction motors pulling high starting currents at starting. Various starting methods have been developed to overcome this problem, one of which is the Direct On-Line starting method. This method is the most common method because it is the easiest and cheapest to use, but there is high inrush current arround 6-8 times the nominal current will pulled by induction motor when using this method. This starting current can cause several disturbances, both from the electricity network, damaging the motor and can cause fatal losses to the electric power system.This research discusses the application of the Soft Starter starting method to a 3-phase induction motor to reduce the high starting current pulled by a 3-phase induction motor. The induction motor used in this study is a squirrel cage rotor type with 4kVA power, a rotational speed of 1430 r.p.m, a frequency of 50 Hz, and a voltage of 380 V. The Soft Starter system in this study uses 6 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor </span><span lang="IN">(</span><span>IGBT</span><span lang="IN">)</span></em><em><span>power electronics switches which are controlled using a sine-triangle PWM and sine - Sawtooth PWM. MATLAB SIMULINK is used to simulate the application of the soft starter starting method on a 3-phase induction motor.The results prove that the Soft Starter method is successful in reducing staring currents when compared to the Direct On-Line method. When using the Direct On-Line method the starting current is 77.29 78.80 A, when using the sine-triangle soft starter method the starting current is 60,46 61,46 A, and when using the sine-sawtooth soft starter method. starting 59,96 60,60 A. However, at steady state conditions, the Direct On-Line rotational speed is better than the Soft Starter because when using the Soft Starter method the voltage is cut. Soft St</span></em></em>

<p><em>This article reviews the optimization of energy generated by solar panels using MPPT. The need for increased power that </em><br /><em>can be done using MPPT with the P&amp;O algorithm that goes to the load is proven because of the addition of influencing factors.</em><br /><em>MPPT A technique for keeping solar panels working. to stay within the Maximum Power point (MPP) area. MPP is a point</em><br /><em>or point in the VI curve or VP curve in the solar panel where the solar panel works at maximum efficiency and releases</em><br /><em>maximum power. The P&amp;O algorithm is used to keep the MPPT power out panel always in the MPP area by changing the</em><br /><em>voltage value before MPPT and after the MPPT Comparison of the results of modeling with the use of techniques developed</em><br /><em>and special computer programs that have shown satisfactory results. Through comparison of the output power that comes out</em><br /><em>of the solar panel using MPPT 16.86406 W and without using MPPT of 13.63239 or experiencing an increase of 23%.</em></p>

<div class="WordSection1"><p align="center"><em>According to energy observers from the Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) the number of electricity consumers in Indonesia has increased by an average of 6-7% annually followed by an increase in the area of its services.</em><em> An increasingly broad network is directly proportional to the potential for interference with the transmission and distribution system. The 150 KV Rembang substations is part of the Java-Bali Interconnection electrical system in northern Central Java that supplies electricity to the Rembang and surrounding areas. Rembang 150 KV substation on May 24, 2019, RBG 01 feeder experienced a disturbance behind the RB1-32 recloser and it was recorded that in 2019 PMT it had been tripped 4 times. Besides, there has been a change in equipment in the form of transformer II. These problems indicate the potential for interference that is not anticipated by the protection system, namely Over Current Relay and recloser.</em><em>  This study evaluates the setting of an outgoing 20 KV OCR protections and recloser on transformer II RBG 01 feeder Rembang 150 KV substation. The scenarios used are calculations with large variations of short-circuit current based on% distance, as well as the calculation of OCR and recloser settings with IEC 60255 standards. Setting currents in the protection equipment is regulated based on current conductivity (KHA) and load current on the recloser. The coordination of the protection settings resulting from this resetting will be compared to the conditions on the ground.  </em><em>Existing (field) OCR outgoing feeder RBG 01 condition TMS OCR value = 0.228 seconds, Iset = 480 A, and t op = 0.3 seconds. The existing OCR recloser condition TMS OCR value = 0.120 seconds and Iset = 400 A. The results of OCR coordinating outgoing feeder RBG 01 obtained TMS OCR value = 0.135 seconds, Iset = 585 A, and t operation = 0.3 seconds. OCR recloser resetting conditions obtained TMS OCR value = 0.10 seconds, Iset = 240 A and t operation = 0.198 seconds. The resetting conditions have met the IEC 60255 standard because recloser working time is smaller than outgoing work time.</em></p></div>