Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a biomaterial containing calcium phosphate with the chemical formula which is similar to the structure of human bone, so it is good for the purpose of healing human bones and teeth. HAp synthesis has several methods that can affect the results of HAp synthesis, such as the method of mixing CaO with phosphate, namely mixing with ultrasonic machines and magnetic stirrers. However, the discussion about the difference of HAp results with the mixing method of ultrasonic machine and magnetic stirrer is still rarely done. Therefore, it is important to examine and compare the characteristics of HAp synthesized by ultrasonic and magnetic stirrer mixing. The result of XRD test shows that HA1 has a purity of weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 99.8%, while HA2 has a weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 97.7%. For the FTIR test results of both specimens detected the presence of phosphate groups, and hydoxide, where both are the basic form of hydroxyapatite. Carbonate groups were also detected in the test, but it cannot be said to be bad because carbonate is a natural substitute for phosphate. 

Pandhalungan Local Wisdom is one of the courses offered by Muhammadiyah Jember University's Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. Learning in this course has various challenges due to its newness, one of which is the lack of textbooks. This study aims to conduct a needs assessment of the textbooks for the course. The goals are to describe the competency criteria, student characteristics, student evaluation against the course, and subject matter suggestions for the course textbook. The results show that the characteristics of students are: 1) the average age of 20–21 years, which is classified as young adults; 2) knowledge of Pandhalungan: high category 50.11%, medium 32.33%, and low 17.56%; 3) perception of the benefits of course learning: very important 32.44%, quite important 52.22%, less important 15.34%; and 4) learning motivation: high 69.13%, medium 21.85%, low 9.02%. It is also concluded that the recommended subject matter for this textbook is eight topics: 1). Pandhalungan Culture and Identity; 2). Pandhalungan Cultural History.) Pandhalungan Art and Cultural Expression; 4) Pandhalungan Traditions and Rituals 5) Pandhalungan Cultural Diversity 6) Changes and Dynamics of Pandhalungan Culture 7) Preservation of Pandhalungan Culture; and 8) Culture and Communication of Pandhalungan Society

This study aims to assess the extent to which Microsoft Excel training is expected to improve the information processing skills of students in Madrasah aliyah (MA) Sunan Ampel, Sumberkima, Buleleng, Bali. Through a case study approach, we examine how this training successfully sculpts advanced-level students’ competencies, transforming them from passive users into individuals fluent in processing information. A curriculum focused on practical applications Exceeding expectations , ranging from basic functions to simple information visualization, is proven to significantly improve students’ ability to sort, analyze, and present information. The method applied in this study was a practice-based training, followed by an assessment of the skills of the participants after the training. The research findings indicated that microsoft training exceeded expectations was able to significantly improve students’ information retrieval skills, accelerating the process of information recapitulation and analysis. However, it was found that a proportion of participants still required individual assistance to achieve full mastery on the more advanced features. Overall, this training had a positive influence on improving information processing skills in Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Sunan Ampel Sumberkima, Buleleng, Bali. as well as can be an initial step to optimize the utilization of technology in educational information processing.
 

Skincare Distributor Sr12 is a Distributor that provides herbal beauty products from PT. SR12 Herbal Perkasa. PT. SR12 Herbal Perkasa is a company engaged in the field of herbal & skin care which was established in 2015 by Toni Firmansyah, S. Farm., Apt as the main director, Asrianty Salam, S.Farm as a pharmacist who is responsible for Plant Operational. The Sr12 Distributor Store requires more active and wider marketing to increase sales. To improve marketing, an information system is needed that can make it easier for consumers to find information about product information and marketing of sr12 products. One of the media that is widely used in marketing is a website. A website is a collection of addresses that display interrelated information in the form of text, images, videos, animations, sounds or a combination of all of them that can be accessed using the internet. To build a website, a method is needed. Personal Extreme Programing (PXP) is a software development method that tries to simplify the various stages in the development process so that it becomes more addictive and flexible. Keywords: Information systems, single level, Personal Extreme Programming (PXP)

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the dynamics of social interaction of prisoners in the Class II B Detention Center of Serang City, Banten Province. The focus of the research is the pattern of relationships between prisoners as well as interactions between prisoners and detention officers that affect social life in the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the associative and dissociative processes that occur among prisoners and explore the factors that influence the pattern of social interaction in detention centers. The research methodology used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. This approach allows in-depth exploration of complex social dynamics in closed environments such as prisons. The results show that social interactions between prisoners include associative processes, such as cooperation in daily activities, and dissociative processes, such as competition and conflict triggered by limited resources and social hierarchy. In addition, interactions between prisoners and officers often vary, ranging from formal relationships in coaching activities to informal relationships that are emotional in nature. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the pattern of social interaction in detention centers is strongly influenced by the social background of prisoners, family support, and the existing hierarchical structure. This research provides recommendations for the management of detention centers that are more inclusive and support the rehabilitation process of prisoners.

The lack of interest in reading among students results in a lack of ideas and opinions in arguing innovatively and creatively which is evident in assignment presentations and producing works. This journal uses a library research method by utilizing articles, journals, books, and internet access as sources. This journal aims to determine the impact of the lack of interest in reading among students, the impact of low interest in reading among students and how to increase interest in reading among teenagers. The results obtained in this study are the impact of low interest in reading among students can affect their lack of ability in mastering the field of science and how to increase interest in reading among students improve library services in schools and the community environment the availability of reading materials allows each person to choose what suits their interests and interests. The conclusion of this study is that the impact of the lack of interest in reading among students can affect the progress of the nation and its human resources.

This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ??in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.
 

This article analyzes the representation of culture shock in Andrea Hirata's novel Edensor, focusing on the experiences of the main characters, Ikal and Arai, as they interact with European culture. Using Kalvero Oberg's culture shock theory, which includes the stages of honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment, this study explores how both characters undergo shifts in mindset and attitudes when confronted with foreign cultural values. The paper also discusses the impact of culture shock on their character development and its relevance in today's global socio-cultural context, including migration and international education. Through this analysis, it is understood that culture shock is not merely a clash of cultures, but also a crucial process for learning and personal growth. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to interdisciplinary literary studies, particularly in understanding the relationship between literature and social-cultural phenomena.

Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.