The purpose of this article is to determine the forms of leadership in the elderly. The elderly group is the last stage of maturity in a person's life, which requires some kind of Christian education or church teachings, but not everyone reaches that age, so this age is often called the golden age. Most people think they don't need special education as they get older. What is meant by elderly is a person who has reached the age of 60 years and whose physical strength has weakened to such an extent that they are no longer able to earn a living. their strength or endurance and work are already limited. Spiritual formation for the elderly is very necessary to strengthen the faith of the elderly in their old age, whose physical abilities are increasingly decreasing, causing many problems for the elderly. Therefore, by using qualitative methods and a literary approach it can be concluded that the forms of spiritual education given to the elderly are: visits to nursing homes, counseling, worship/fellowship for the elderly, catechism before death, visits to nursing homes. leading prayer and meditation, involving the elderly in services and helping the elderly when they are sick. That's what coaches really need to give to seniors.
 
 

The dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia over the islands of Sipadan and Ligitan continued throughout the years until 1997. The issue of Sipadan and Ligitan islands was resolved by international law through the International Court of Justice. The two islands located in the middle of Indonesia, precisely in the Makassar Strait, were finally won by the Malaysian side on December 17, 2002. The theory used in this research is the theory of legal protection. The theory of legal protection is very relevant to the research made here, because there is a need for legal protection regarding territorial boundaries in the territorial sovereignty of the State of Indonesia. The research method used regarding international legal protection of the Sipadan-Ligitan island dispute is carried out by means of qualitative descriptive research. The technique or instrument of data collection used is library research by studying various books as literature, official documents, laws and regulations, results of previous research, and other literature sources related to the problems studied. The decision of the international court on December 17, 2002 in its decision gave sovereignty over the islands of Sipadan and Ligitan to Malaysia, the international court declared Malaysia as the most entitled party to the two islands based on three main statements that were used as the basis for claims by both countries.

This research is motivated by challenges in monitoring and developing public services in the Malang Regional Government which require an integrated approach. Investments in human resource development and information technology are needed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of supervision. Increasing the budget for guidance and supervision, strengthening the independence of supervisory institutions, and utilizing information technology are considered solutions to improve the quality of public services. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. This approach was chosen because it allows researchers to explore and understand the phenomenon of coaching and supervision in the context of public services through analysis of various relevant sources of information. The qualitative method focuses on an in-depth understanding of the existing context, processes and dynamics, making it suitable for studying the role of coaching and supervision in improving the quality of public services in the Malang Regional Government. Literature study as part of this qualitative method involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources such as books, academic journals, official government reports, and related policy documents. The research results show that guidance and supervision in the Malang Regional Government has an important role in improving the quality of public services. Coaching is carried out to increase the capacity and performance of state civil servants, while supervision aims to ensure employee compliance with applicable regulations. The main challenges faced are limited human and technological resources. Suggested solutions include investing in human resource development, increasing the budget for guidance and supervision, strengthening the independence of supervisory institutions, and utilizing information technology to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of supervision.

The problem related to violation of RTRW is actually a common issue until now. Like the recent case, namely the fire that occurred at the Pertamina Plumpang Depot. The fire incident could actually be prevented by implementing proper spatial planning regulations. Based on the Regional Regulation (Perda) of DKI Jakarta Number 1 of 2012 concerning the 2030 Regional Spatial Planning, fuel oil (BBM) depots are required to have a buffer zone. Unfortunately, at the Pertamina Plumpang Depot, this buffer zone does not exist, so that residential areas are too close to the dangerous depot area. The purpose of this study is to find out the Annotation of the State Administrative Court Decision Number: 124 / G / LH / 2016 / PTUN-BDG. This research method uses a qualitative approach, with a special method applied, namely meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is a research technique used to combine findings from previous studies related to the same research topic. The results of the study show that among others Based on case information, it is known that there are 6 (six) plaintiffs who sued the Decree of the Head of the Investment and Integrated Licensing Agency of West Java Province Number: 660/10/19.1.02.0/BPMPT/2016 concerning the Environmental Permit for the Construction and Operational Activities of the 1x1000 MW Cirebon PLTU, Astanajapura District and Mundu District, Cirebon Regency by PT Cirebon Energi Prasarana. In its decision, the PTUN granted the lawsuit in its entirety.
 
 
 

Zina and accusations of adultery (qadzaf) are two central themes in Islamic criminal law. This research examines the definition, proof, and sanctions of zina and qadzaf from the perspective of Islamic criminal law using the literature method. Zina is defined as sexual intercourse outside a legal marriage, while qadzaf is accusing adultery without sufficient evidence. In Islam, adultery is proven by four witnesses, confession of the perpetrator, or other supporting evidence. The punishment for muhsan adulterers (married) is stoning, while ghairu muhsan (unmarried) are flogged 100 times. Meanwhile, qadzaf can be proven by four witnesses, confession of the perpetrator, or an oath (according to Imam Shafi'i). The punishment is 80 lashes and the testimony of the perpetrator is not accepted. Islamic criminal law strictly regulates adultery and qadzaf with high evidentiary requirements and severe sanctions. This type of research is a qualitative literature study and uses a descriptive analysis method, namely by analyzing various sources and relevant data. The existence of this prohibition of adultery and qadzaf aims to prevent harm, maintain honor, and uphold the benefit (maqashid sharia).
 
 

The capital market plays a significant role in modern economies by providing a platform for individuals and companies to raise funds and invest. This study explores the dynamics of capital market investments, focusing on managing risks and maximizing returns. The objective is to understand the types of risks involved in capital market investments and identify strategies for effective risk management. The research uses qualitative methods, reviewing literature and analyzing case studies of successful capital market investments. The findings suggest that diversification, hedging, and portfolio management are key strategies in minimizing risks, while long-term investments and active trading offer significant profit potential. The study concludes that a deep understanding of market conditions, coupled with risk management techniques, is essential for investors to achieve sustainable profits. The implications of this research highlight the importance of financial education in making informed investment decisions and the role of the capital market in economic growth.

Artikel ini akan membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi elastisitas permintaan, metode pengukurannya, serta implikasi dan strategi yang dapat diterapkan oleh perusahaan berdasarkan konsep ini. Faktor utama yang memengaruhi elastisitas permintaan di antaranya adalah ketersediaan barang substitusi, proporsi pendapatan yang dihabiskan untuk barang tersebut, serta jangka waktu yang diberikan untuk merespons perubahan harga. Semakin banyak alternatif yang tersedia bagi konsumen, semakin elastis permintaan suatu barang. Pemahaman mendalam tentang elastisitas permintaan memungkinkan perusahaan membuat keputusan harga lebih cerdas. Dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi elastisitas dan menganalisis kondisi pasar, perusahaan dapat memaksimalkan pendapatan dan pangsa pasar. Analisis elastisitas ini membantu mengidentifikasi segmen pasar yang responsif terhadap perubahan harga untuk mengembangkan strategi pemasaran efektif. Selain harga, kualitas produk, citra merek, dan layanan pelanggan juga mempengaruhi permintaan. Mengintegrasikan faktor ini dalam keputusan harga membantu perusahaan tetap kompetitif dan adaptif

This study investigates the factors influencing the utilization of adolescent health services among school dropout adolescents in the Sakra subdistrict of East Lombok, Indonesia. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights gathered through in-depth interviews. A total of 37 school dropout adolescents, aged 14-19 years, were purposively sampled to participate in the study. The findings from this study underscore the multifaceted factors influencing school dropout adolescents' access to health services in the Sakra subdistrict of East Lombok regency. The six predictors highlighted the importance of knowledge, family support, distance, the role of health professionals, and the recognition of health needs in shaping adolescents' engagement with health services. Addressing these interconnected factors through a comprehensive approach can promote health equity and improve the overall well-being of school dropout adolescents, contributing to healthier communities in the long run.

This research discusses the tenses and aspects in Japanese and  Indonesian. The purpose of this research is to add to the learner's knowledge in understanding the tenses and aspects of Japanese and Indonesian and to help learners in applying tenses and aspects in both languages. The research method used is contrastive research, which compares the structure of Japanese and Indonesian to identify the differences between the two languages related to kala and aspect. The results show that Japanese tenses include: past tense, irregular tense, present tense, and future tense. Aspect in Japanese is characterized by morpheme changes such as -te iru and -te iku.  Indonesian tenses: past tense, present tense, and future tense. Aspect in Indonesian is characterized by the prefix me- and adverbs. Contrastively, the difference in tense and aspect in the two languages lies in the markers of tense and aspect. In Japanese, it is marked by morpheme changes while in Indonesian it is marked by prefixes and adverbs. In conclusion, there are differences in the markers of tense and aspect between Japanese and Indonesian even though the meanings are the same.