Sexual relations do not only occur between different genders, but can also occur between individuals of the same sex. This problem in Indonesia often causes differences of opinion between those who support and those who oppose. It is undeniable that in the military environment there are also deviations in sexual orientation carried out by the perpetrator who is a TNI soldier in the verdict of the Military Court II-08 Jakarta Number 212-K / PM II-08AD / XI / 2020. Finding, analyzing, and explaining the viewpoint of military law on the existence of LGBT in the military environment was the goal of the study. The ruling of the Military Court II-08 Jakarta Number 212-K / PM II-08AD / XI / 2020 clarifies the criminal culpability of TNI soldiers who engage in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) actions. Legal theory, criminal responsibility theory, and the theory of legal certainty are the frameworks utilized. Normative juridical research is the methodology employed. Based on the findings of this study, the military's official stance on the presence of LGBT individuals in the military has been firmly established by highlighting the ban on LGBT individuals as stated in the TNI Commander's Telegram Letter Number ST/398/2009. As stated in Telegram Letter Number ST/1648/2019 from the TNI Commander, LGBT is one of the behaviors that soldiers are not to engage in since it goes against official orders or is not in line with soldier life norms. Furthermore, it is highlighted in the Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) Number 10 of 2020, in letter D number 1, that disobeying the TNI Commander's Telegram Letter Number ST/398/2009 dated July 22, 2009 and the TNI Commander's Telegram Letter Number ST/1648/2019 dated October 22, 2019, which forbid TNI soldiers from engaging in immoral acts with members of the same sex (Homosexual/Lesbian), can be seen as a violation of official orders under the provisions of Article 103 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. In accordance with the processes or mechanisms for resolving LGBT crimes guided by Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice, TNI soldiers found guilty of LGBT acts in the Jakarta Military Court II-08 Number 212-K/PM II-08AD/XI/2020 will face prosecution, sentencing, and criminal penalties in accordance with the specific legal regulations based on Military Criminal Law.

The Sanghyang Permana Balaniksa site is one of the historical remains of the Galuh Pangauban Kingdom. The Sanghyang Permana Prabudigaluh Salawe site is one of the historical relics of the Galuh Pangauban Kingdom. This research outlines efforts to promote religious and cultural tourism at the site, which also acts as an educational resource and cultural destination. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Promotion of religious and cultural tourism at Sanghyang Permana Balaniksa with the hope of increasing visitors and becoming better known to the public, one of which is using the social media Instagram. Promotion uses new breakthroughs to increase attractiveness, where social media becomes an effective and efficient tool for promoting culture in the region. Using social media requires creativity in terms of composition and sentence structure that attracts social media users. It is hoped that promotion via Instagram can be significant in increasing public interest in visiting the Sanghyang Cipta Permana Site in Bojongmengger Village.

The focus of this research is the role of human resource management in improving teacher performance in Cibeber District, Cilegon City in terms of implementing management functions in the Independent Learning Curriculum. This research uses a qualitative approach, data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation, data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the role of Human Resource Management in improving teacher performance in Cibeber District , Cilegon City, namely by planning, organizing, directing and supervising, can be said to be quite good. First, planning by conducting a needs analysis and providing understanding regarding the The Independent Learning Curriculum and learning tools that must be prepared by teachers. Second, organizing by placing and dividing tasks according to abilities and educational background. Third, direction is carried out by providing direction and guidance regarding the tasks and responsibilities given as well as providing motivation in the form of giving awards for teacher performance achievements. Fourth, supervision is carried out by the school principal through class visits and supervisors from the Education Management Unit. The implications of the research results suggest that elementary schools provide training to teacher councils regarding learning media so that the communication and educational interaction process between teachers and students can take place appropriately, try to increase the availability of facilities and infrastructure for the smoothness and success of the learning process, and work together to improve each other. teacher performance, both from school principals, education staff, teaching staff (teachers), and school supervisors within the Education Management Unit and it is hoped that everything that has been achieved can be improved.

Serangan penyakit patek atau antracnose pada tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens) merupakan masalah yang sering dialami para petani dalam melakukan budidaya tanaman ini sehingga mengalami penurunan produksi. Dalam praktek pengelolaan penyakit ini, penggunaan pestisida sintesis masih menjadi primadona bagi petani. Penggunaan bahan ini dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan masalah baru bagi lingkungan akibat residu yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan produksi cabai rawit pada Kelompok Tani Mekar Sari 2, Desa Sungai Rengas, Kecamatan. Sungai Kakap, Kabupaten. Kubu Raya melalui pelatihan pembuatan metabolit sekunder Trichoderma sp dan aplikasinya pada tanaman cabai rawit (C. frutescens). Tahapan kegiatan meliputi: observasi dan identifikasi, perencanaan kegiatan, pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan, penerapan atau pengaplikasian, evaluasi program kegiatan, pertisipasi mitra dalam kegiatan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi keberlanjutan program kegiatan. Para petani yang terlibat dalam kegiatan ini (n=25) mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan yaitu dengan rata-rata nilai 36,2 (pre test) menjadi 94,4 (post test) atau mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 61,65 %. Para petani juga berperan aktif dalam praktek pembuatan metabolit sekunder Trichoderma sp. dan sekaligus pengaplikasiannya.

This research is related to the influence of reward and punishment on employee performance with work discipline as a mediating variable on the District Election Committee and Voting Committee in Serang District. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of reward on work discipline partially, the effect of punishment on work discipline partially, the effect of work discipline on employee performance, the effect of reward on employee performance, the effect of punishment on employee performance, the effect of reward on employee performance through work discipline on the District Election Committee and Voting Committee in Serang District. The respondents in this study were 89 employees. The data collection method used was a questionnaire and analyzed using regression analysis and path analysis. The results of this research show that rewards have a positive and significant effect on work discipline and employee performance, then punishment also has a positive and significant effect on work discipline and employee performance. Apart from that, there is an indirect effect of reward on employee performance through work discipline, and an indirect effect of punishment on employee performance through work discipline.

In carrying out television broadcast production, the activity organizer has a very important role. Good cooperation between personnel in this system is very necessary to achieve the desired broadcast production. The implementation of television broadcast production has a production working group. The production work group is a work unit that will handle production work together until the production is declared ready for broadcast. The work groups in television broadcasting include: Production/Broadcast Work Unit, Public Facilities Work Unit, Technical Operator Work Unit, Technician Work Unit.

Reading is an important skill for students learning English, whether as a second language or a foreign language. Reading still plays a big role and is an essential tool for conveying meaning and information through text. For foreign language learners, reading in English is not an easy task because reading in English is complex and it is difficult to understand the meaning of sentences. Understanding is necessary to understand the meaning and obtain the information conveyed by the author. This happen because the language system of English is different from the students' native language. Hasibuan et al (2021) stated that Reading is an active process, it involves interpreting passages, not just receiving a message. It is reasonable for reading is one of the basic ways of acquiring information. Because when the students have a good competence in reading English, it will help them to obtain and enrich their knowledge.
 
 

This research aims to prove whether top-down and bottom-up strategies can facilitate students' listening skills at level eleven of MA Mazro'illah Lubuklinggau. This research used pre-experimental methods. The population of this research was class XI MIPA students with a sample of 18 students. The sample used in this research was purpose sampling. In this study, researcher used written tests which were given twice, namely pre-test and post-test. In this study, researcher analyzed data using individual scores, normality tests and paired t-tests. The results of this study were that there were 4 students who passed and 14 students who failed the pre-test, while in the post-test the number of students who passed increased, namely 16 students and 2 students who failed the post-test. The students' average score on the pre-test was 48.05 and the average score on the post-test was 84.86. The results of the paired t-test is 8.53 and ttable is 1.740 it means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. In conclusion it is significantly effective to use Top-down and Bottom-up strategy to facilitate students’ listening skill at the eleventh graders of MA Mazro’illah Lubuklinggau.
 

Physical fitness is a person's ability to do something or a task well without excessive fatigue and can be useful in developing students' learning and insight. Apart from that, physical fitness is also important in learning, especially in learning PJOK. However, many people consider physical fitness unimportant. The aim of this research is to determine the level of physical fitness of students and the differences in physical fitness levels of vocational science and vocational social science at SMA Hang Tuah 5 Sidoarjo. This research involved class XI F2 and class XI F5. Class XI F2 has 33 students with a ratio of 17 male students and 16 female students. Class XI F5 has 36 students with a ratio of 19 male students and 17 female students. This research applies a non-experimental method with a comparative design using the Independent sample t-test data analysis technique. The TKPN test (Indonesian Student Fitness Test) was used as an instrument for this research. The results obtained from the SPSS application showed a hypothesis test value of 0.15 (p-value > 0.05), indicating that there was no difference in physical fitness. Meanwhile, from the norm results for fitness results in the TKPN test (Indonesian Student Fitness Test) there was a difference in scores of 4.47 for science vocational students in the very good category and 3.78 social science vocational students in the good category.
 
 

In order to produce news that is interesting to read and easy for readers to understand, skills are needed, one of which is writing skills. With writing skills, someone can express events into news that needs to be written into a news article that is ready to be published in the mass media. The partners involved in this service program are students at SMA Negeri 1 Stabat where the main problem experienced by the partners is the students' lack of understanding in writing news texts. The location for this activity is at SMA Negeri 1 Stabat, Langkat, North Sumatra. This program consists of preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation stages. Training activities regarding this were carried out on 23 and 30 September 2023 offline and online using lecture, direct training, discussion and question and answer methods. The conclusion that can be drawn is that participants in service activities write news texts that must fulfill several rules that are in accordance with the genre-based approach, namely that there must be a news-worthy event, source, and answer the 5W=1H information. Furthermore, this activity is able to increase students' literacy in writing news as evidenced by the results of news written by students.