The rapid advancement of information technology has had a significant impact in various fields, particularly in pattern recognition and image processing. One of the ongoing challenges is accurately recognizing handwritten digits, which plays a crucial role in document digitization, automated form reading, and other intelligent systems. This study aims to implement and evaluate the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, a simple yet effective classification technique, in recognizing handwritten digit images. The data used comes from the public dataset load_digits from Scikit-learn, which contains 1,797 grayscale images of handwritten digits sized 8x8 pixels. Each image is represented as a 64-dimensional feature vector. The dataset is split into training and testing data with an 80:20 ratio, and the model is trained using KNN with k=3. The experimental results show a classification accuracy of 96.94%, with minimal prediction errors that typically occur in digits with similar visual shapes, such as 5 and 9. This study demonstrates that KNN, despite its simplicity, can provide high accuracy in handwritten digit recognition when supported by proper preprocessing and parameter selection. The implications of this research highlight the potential for developing intelligent applications in education, data entry automation, and identity verification.

The background of this service activity was the limited ability of Indonesian teachers teaching in Jeddah to write scientific journal articles, which was caused by low motivation and a lack of knowledge about good and correct article-writing techniques. This service aimed to equip teachers in Jeddah with the journal article writing skills needed for professional development. The main target of this activity was teachers in Jeddah. The methods applied in this service included online training and mentoring, with an in-service training (IST) and on-service training (OST) approach. The process of implementing activities included several stages, namely preparation, training, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation. The results of this activity showed a significant improvement in the ability to write journal articles among teachers in Jeddah. They became more confident in their writing and were able to produce quality articles ready to be published in national journals.

International humanitarian law (HHI) aims to protect individuals who are not involved in armed conflict, including children who are often victims or even perpetrators of warfare. The phenomenon of recruitment of child soldiers, although prohibited in various international legal instruments, but still takes place in a number of countries in conflict. This research discusses the legal implications for parties that violate the provisions regarding the recruitment of child soldiers, focusing on the provisions in the Rome Statute that classify the recruitment of child soldiers as a war crime. In addition, it analyses the underlying causes of the armed conflict in Sudan and how international accountability mechanisms can be optimised to prosecute perpetrators of crimes against children. In addition, it identifies opportunities and constraints in realising justice for child victims of armed conflict, as well as the importance of international cooperation in providing protection and rehabilitation for them. It is hoped that the findings will provide further insight into the challenges and efforts needed to protect children's rights in the midst of war and the importance of international law enforcement to prevent the exploitation of children in armed conflict.

Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksplanatori ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Personal Life Interference with Work (PLIW), Work Enhancement of Personal Life (WEPL), dan Personal Life Enhancement of Work (PLEW) terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan wanita di PT Inimedia Kreatif Indonesia. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh karyawan wanita perusahaan tersebut, dengan sampel sebanyak 48 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampling jenuh. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan skala Likert 1-5, dan analisis data dilakukan menggunakan beberapa tes regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PLIW memiliki dampak negatif terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan wanita. Artinya, semakin tinggi tingkat gangguan kehidupan pribadi terhadap pekerjaan, semakin rendah tingkat kepuasan kerja yang dirasakan. Sebaliknya, WEPL dan PLEW menunjukkan dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa ketika pekerjaan mampu meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan pribadi karyawan (WEPL) dan ketika kehidupan pribadi memberikan dampak positif terhadap pekerjaan (PLEW), maka tingkat kepuasan kerja karyawan wanita cenderung meningkat. Implikasi dari studi ini menekankan pentingnya bagi perusahaan untuk memperhatikan dan mengelola keseimbangan antara kehidupan kerja dan kehidupan pribadi karyawan, khususnya karyawan wanita. Dengan memahami pengaruh PLIW, WEPL, dan PLEW terhadap kepuasan kerja, perusahaan dapat merancang kebijakan dan program yang mendukung keseimbangan tersebut. Upaya ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepuasan kerja karyawan, yang pada akhirnya dapat berkontribusi pada peningkatan produktivitas dan retensi karyawan di PT Inimedia Kreatif Indonesia.

The child-friendly city program is one of the programs where an area implements a child rights-based development system by trying to integrate several aspects such as government and community commitment and supported by human resources which in implementing it is carried out systematically, structured and sustainable, both in terms of policies that regulate this, to programs or activities. This research tries to see how the implementation of the child-friendly city program in providing special protection for children in Serua Village, South Tangerang. The research approach is qualitative with data collection techniques, namely interviews and documentary studies. This research uses George Edward's implementation theory which includes 4 aspects, namely resources, communication, bureaucratic structure, and disposition. The results showed that the implementation of the child-friendly city program in Serua Village has several success factors that have been carried out well, namely disposition and bureaucratic structure. Disposition is carried out with synergized cooperation between stakeholders, while the bureaucratic structure is well displayed in the form of coordination in the implementation of the child-friendly city. Meanwhile, other aspects that should be improved are communication and resources. Communication in this case is in the form of lack of public awareness and understanding of the program, while resources are related to budget limitations.

Rosella is known to have many health benefits, such as boosting the immune system and regulating blood pressure. Based on a situation analysis, the lack of knowledge among students regarding the rosella plant is due to the absence of rosella plants in the school area. Additionally, there has never been a workshop at SDN Tlogosari Wetan 02 Semarang related to educating students about the use of rosella flower petals as a health tea by any party. The community service activity began with an introduction to the rosella plant to the students, followed by education on the use of herbal plants that contain antioxidants, in this case, the rosella flower. After that, the activity continued with training that involved the students in the process of making rosella tea. The results of this activity showed an increase in the students' knowledge about the importance of a healthy lifestyle and the students' skills in utilizing natural materials (rosella flower petals) to make health tea.

The 5G network represents a major technological advancement driving the progress of the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly through its ability to transmit data at high speeds with near-instant response times. It enables stable connectivity for a greater number of IoT devices within a single area without compromising network performance, thereby supporting the development of advanced applications such as smart cities, precision agriculture, smart grids, and modern healthcare services. In the energy sector, 5G enhances smart grid management by enabling more efficient energy distribution. In healthcare, it allows real-time monitoring of patients through IoT-based medical devices. Meanwhile, in the agricultural domain, 5G facilitates intelligent land management and supports more accurate decision-making. Overall, 5G strengthens IoT capabilities by providing highly precise and real-time data, which accelerates analytical processes and improves operational performance. Consequently, 5G plays a strategic role in advancing digital transformation across various industrial and social sectors, boosting productivity, operational efficiency, and service quality, while also opening new opportunities for future IoT implementations.

This research is motivated by the importance of promoting environmentally friendly behavior (Employee Green Behavior) in the state-owned construction service industry. The study aims to examine the influence of Green Organizational Culture (GOC), Green Work Engagement (GWE) and Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) as the antecedent of EGB. The research methodology employs a quantitative approach through surveys conducted with employees of construction service companies under state-owned enterprises (BUMN). The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling, involving a total of 386 permanent employees from construction companies. The analysis method utilized in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS), using the SmartPLS 3.0 analysis tool. The results indicate that GHRM, GOC, and GWE directly influence EGB. These findings reinforce the AMO and NAM theories. This research contributes theoretically to the literature on sustainable human resource management and provides practical benefits for companies sustainable strategies.

The development of the Smart City concept demands a reliable, flexible communication network infrastructure capable of covering the entire urban area. This study designs a wireless network based on mesh topology as a communication solution to support various Smart City applications. Mesh topology is chosen for its advantages in scalability, path redundancy, and fault tolerance. The research method involves designing a network simulation with varying numbers of nodes and testing performance parameters such as throughput, latency, and packet loss. Simulation results show that an increase in the number of nodes correlates with higher throughput, lower latency, and reduced packet loss. These findings indicate that mesh topology is highly suitable for meeting the real-time and stable connectivity needs of Smart City implementations. This network design is expected to serve as a foundation for future digital infrastructure development in smart cities.

This study discusses 5G network security regulations and policies from a national and international perspective, with a focus on the challenges and handling of global cyber threats. Given the cross-border threats, security and regulation are important issues in the implementation of 5G technology. The approach used is qualitative interpretive with additional limited experiments, including cyber attack simulations. The result of the study show that cyber policies in Indonesia are not yet fully coordinated, unlike countries such as the US, the European Union, and China which have more comprehensive regulations. Experiments prove that the implementation of protocols such as IPSec and TLS can reduce risks in 5G networks. Therefore, Indonesia is advised to form more integrated regulations that comply with international standards. This study also suggests further research in real scenarios and the development of a more in-depth policy evaluation system.