This study analyzes and optimizes production systems in the Industry 4.0 context, examining the fundamental shift from centralized, push-based production models to decentralized, adaptive, pull-based approaches. The research employs a mixed-method approach combining comprehensive literature review and multiple case studies across manufacturing sectors. Findings reveal that integration of Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics enables real-time communication between production components, product personalization, and faster decision-making. Despite significant benefits in efficiency, flexibility, and competitiveness, implementation challenges persist, including high initial investment, employee resistance, technical expertise limitations, and integration complexity. Optimization approaches such as mixed-integer linear programming, digitally-integrated Lean Six Sigma, and digital twin simulations effectively enhance performance indicators including flexibility, reliability, and energy efficiency. The study concludes that successful production system transformation requires an integrated strategy encompassing process engineering, digital competency development, change management, and continuous evaluation to ensure sustainable optimization in the digital era

Digital technological advancements have driven a paradigm shift towards Industry 4.0, characterized by the integration of cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence in manufacturing processes. This study analyzes the role of Internet of Things (IoT) in accelerating Manufacturing 4.0 transformation, focusing on production efficiency optimization. Through a systematic literature review of 45 Scopus-indexed journals published between 2019-2024, complemented by experimental analysis on a laboratory-scale smart factory prototype, this research examines the implementation of IoT-based technologies such as predictive maintenance and digital twins. Results demonstrate that IoT integration significantly enhances production efficiency through real-time monitoring (30% downtime reduction), predictive maintenance (20% maintenance cost decrease), and data-driven supply chain optimization (15% energy savings). Case studies from Siemens and PT. Unilever Indonesia confirm that IoT sensor integration with ERP systems improves demand forecasting accuracy by 25% and reduces production errors to 0.001%. Despite challenges including high initial infrastructure costs and cybersecurity vulnerabilities, IoT implementation offers sustainable competitive advantages through enhanced operational efficiency, quality control, and resource management.
 

Industry 4.0 has driven significant transformation in manufacturing maintenance strategies, particularly in the implementation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). This research examines the paradigm shift from conventional TPM methods to Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based approaches, utilizing a qualitative methodology with phenomenological design and participatory observation in manufacturing environments. Results indicate that integrating AI with TPM has transformed maintenance approaches from reactive to predictive, enabling real-time anomaly detection, predictive maintenance, and maintenance schedule optimization that significantly improve Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). Despite providing benefits such as reduced downtime and maintenance costs, AI-based TPM implementation faces challenges including data fragmentation, skilled human resource requirements, and organizational culture resistance. The development of collaboration between industry and academic institutions, as well as investment in edge computing infrastructure, are identified as key to maximizing the potential of AI-based TPM in enhancing operational sustainability in manufacturing.

This research aims to analyze the impact of playing Mobile Legends on toxic behavior in both children and adults. The background of this study is based on the fact that Mobile Legends is one of the popular online games in Indonesia and is widely played by children to adults, often exhibiting toxic behaviors. The method used in this research is a survey. The results of the study indicate that out of 15 survey questions, 90% of the respondents showed a tendency towards toxic activities while playing Mobile Legends. This indicates that individuals ranging from children to adults often engage in toxic behavior, such as using offensive language during gameplay. Therefore, one of the recommendations to create a healthier gaming environment is to block such accounts to prevent them from playing the game for a certain period.

This research aims to determine the influence of Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality on Patient Loyalty at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital, Medan. The population in this study were patients at the Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital. The sample in this study was 93 patients at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital in Medan using the Slovin formula and the Simple Random Sampling method. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that simultaneously, Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality have a significant effect on Patient Loyalty at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital, Medan. Partially, Brand Awareness has a positive and significant effect on Patient Loyalty at Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital, Perceived Quality has a positive and significant effect on Patient Loyalty at Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital. From the results of the determinant coefficient analysis, it was obtained that R Adjusted Square (R^2) was 0.592, this means that 59.2 percent of the Patient Loyalty variable can be explained by the Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality variables while the rest can be explained by other variables not examined in this research.

According to UNICEF, early marriage is marriage performed on adolescents who are less than 18 years old. Marriages that take place under the age of 18 contravene the rights to education, pleasure, health and freedom of expression. Low knowledge of adolescents about early marriage is a problem for adolescents in the incidence of early marriage. Data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) in 2020 recorded that 1 in 9 women aged 20-24 years married while still a child and South Kalimantan was ranked first in Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to find out the picture of knowledge of students of SMA Negeri I Halong, Balangan Regency about Early Marriage. The research method used a descriptive survey, with the sampling used was a total sampling of 48 class X and XI students. The results of the study of students of SMA Negeri I Halong who had good knowledge about early marriage were 16 people (33.33%), enough knowledge 26 people (54.16%) and less than 6 people (12.5%). The conclusion of this study is an overview of the level of knowledge of female students of SMA Negeri I Halong about early marriage respondents from 48 moderately knowledgeable.

The spiritual crisis among Sunday school children has become a serious concern in the context of Christian religious education. This article examines the important role played by Christian religious education teachers in overcoming this crisis. In a modern context full of challenges, children often experience spiritual isolation, loss of religious values, and difficulty implementing Christian principles in everyday life. Christian religious education teachers have a responsibility to provide guidance and inspiration to these children. This article examines strategies and methods Christian religious education teachers can use to help Sunday school children overcome spiritual crises. Some of the strategies described include the use of interesting Bible stories, interactive and creative teaching, building empathetic relationships with students, and encouraging reflection and application of Christian values in everyday life. Christian religious education teachers must also be able to tactfully face children's questions and doubts, and develop a deep understanding of children's spiritual and developmental needs.
Through their role, Christian religious education teachers can be role models and sources of inspiration for Sunday school children in strengthening their faith and dealing with spiritual crises. In carrying out their duties, teachers must have a strong commitment to the mission of Christian religious education and pay attention to the social and cultural changes that affect children's lives. This article aims to inform and motivate Christian religious education teachers in carrying out their roles more effectively and relevantly amidst the spiritual crisis of Sunday school children. Through collaborative efforts between the church, parents and the Christian community, it is hoped that Sunday school children can obtain a solid foundation of faith and be able to overcome the spiritual challenges they face in their lives.
 

Secara garis besar, tindakan kekerasan dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu tindakan yang dapat merugikan orang lain, baik itu secara fisik maupun secara psikis. Kekerasan tidak hanya berbentuk sebagai eksploitasi secara fisik semata, tetapi juga berbentuk mengenai eksploitasi psikis. Tindak kekerasan memang tidak pernah diinginkan oleh siapapun, apalagi di dalam suatu lembaga pendidikan yang sepatutnya dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah dapat dilakukan melalui cara yang edukatif. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Kekerasan dalam pendidikan merupakan hal yang sering sekali terjadi di negara Indonesia ini, banyak sekali kasus kasus kekerasaan yang melibatkan antara tenaga pendidik dengan peserta didik. Hakikat antara seorang guru dan siswa yaitu dengan adanya hubungan komunikasi timbal balik yang berlangsung secara independen, tanpa ada tekanan di setiap masing-masing pihak. Guru merasa nyaman untuk membelajarkan siswa, sementara siswa sendiri merasa mendapat kebebasan dalam belajar.

<p class="17">Secara garis besar, tindakan kekerasan dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu tindakan yang dapat merugikan orang lain, baik itu secara fisik maupun secara psikis. Kekerasan tidak hanya berbentuk sebagai eksploitasi secara fisik semata, tetapi juga berbentuk mengenai eksploitasi psikis. Tindak kekerasan memang tidak pernah diinginkan oleh siapapun, apalagi di dalam suatu lembaga pendidikan yang sepatutnya dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah dapat dilakukan melalui cara yang edukatif. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Kekerasan dalam pendidikan merupakan hal yang sering sekali terjadi di negara Indonesia ini, banyak sekali kasus kasus kekerasaan yang melibatkan antara tenaga pendidik dengan peserta didik. Hakikat antara seorang guru dan siswa yaitu dengan adanya hubungan komunikasi timbal balik yang berlangsung secara independen, tanpa ada tekanan di setiap masing-masing pihak. Guru merasa nyaman untuk membelajarkan siswa, sementara siswa sendiri merasa mendapat kebebasan dalam belajar.</p>

The Al-amin Science And Industrial Park area is projected to become a center for field laboratories and workshops that accommodate all study programs at UNPAB. In addition, the Al-amin Science And Industrial Park area is also planned to be the location of Ecoedutourism (Ecoedutourism) based on agriculture and processing of agricultural products. Eco-education is expected to attract visitors to enjoy the location of the Al-amin Science And Industrial Park Area with attractions based on field activities from study programs at UNPAB such as horticultural gardens, nurseries, animal husbandry, waste management for the use of renewable energy to processing packaging of garden and livestock products. The construction of the Al-amin Science And Industrial Park Area Mosque is expected to become a center of Islamic activities consisting of worship activities, mu'amalah and da'wah education, as well as Islamic information centers, not only for the Al-amin Science And Industrial Park area but also for the surrounding community and visitors to the area.