Language is closely related to social and cultural aspects, including in the process of learning foreign languages such as Mandarin. Effective Chinese language learning does not only focus on linguistic aspects, but also requires an understanding of the culture of origin of the language. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of culture-based learning in increasing motivation to learn Chinese. The method used is literature study or library research, with documentation technique as data collection method and content analysis technique as data analysis method. Based on the analysis of twelve research articles, it was found that the integration of cultural elements such as traditional games, visual media, and Chinese pop culture can create a learning experience that is fun, interesting, and encourages students' curiosity towards Chinese. In conclusion, culture-based learning is proven to have a positive influence on motivation to learn Chinese and can be used as an alternative teaching strategy that is more contextual and fun.

This study aims to examine the implementation of competency-based human resource management (HR) in improving employee professionalism at Devos Jok, an SME engaged in the automotive interior manufacturing sector. A descriptive qualitative approach is used to explore in depth the HR practices carried out, the challenges faced, and the impact on employee work quality. The results of the study indicate that the transformation of the HR system from an administrative pattern to a competency-based one has made a significant contribution to improving individual and organizational performance. The strategies implemented include competency-based recruitment, ongoing training, flexible payroll systems, and adaptation to digital platforms. However, challenges remain, especially in overcoming resistance to change and limited training resources. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions to the development of a competency-based SME HR system in the context of today's creative and digital industries.

The No Smoking Area (KTR) is a form of protection for the community from the adverse effects of smoking, which is regulated in Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2016. This study aims to analyse the implementation of the KTR policy in the Regional Apparatus Organisation (OPD) of Merangin Regency by reviewing four aspects of policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of OPD parties involved in the implementation of KTR. The results showed that in the communication aspect, KTR policies have been socialised through print and electronic media, but delivery training has not been carried out optimally. In the resource aspect, limited human resources, funds, and facilities are the main obstacles in implementing KTR. In the disposition aspect, most OPDs show commitment in implementing KTR, but have not been supported by providing incentives or awards. In the aspect of bureaucratic structure, there is no special SOP or organisational structure in each OPD for KTR implementation, so the implementation is still not running optimally. In conclusion, the implementation of the KTR policy in Merangin Regency has not run optimally because there are still weaknesses in the four aspects, especially related to coordination, human resources, and supporting institutions.

This study aims to improve the cognitive development of children aged 4–5 years through observation of learning activities in a kindergarten. This study uses a descriptive observation method with five children as subjects. Observations were conducted for two days to observe children's abilities in several cognitive aspects, including the ability to find solutions when facing difficulties, group small and large objects, mention numbers 1–10, and distinguish between various colors. Data were collected through field notes using assessment instruments compiled based on indicators of early childhood cognitive development. The results of the study showed that most children were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category for all observed indicators, although there were some children who were in the Developing According to Expectations (BSH) category. These findings indicate that the learning strategies implemented by educators have been able to stimulate cognitive development optimally, and can be used as a reference in compiling further learning programs.

Community service initiatives often struggle to meet the needs of beneficiaries. This study explores the application of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) to improve the effectiveness of community service programs, using Solaria Restaurant’s customer service efforts as a case study. The research investigates the gap between beneficiaries’ expectations and their perceptions of delivered services.  Data is collected through surveys administered to a sample of Solaria Restaurant patrons who have benefitted from the restaurant’s community service programs.  By analyzing the importance and performance ratings provided by participants, the study identifies areas for improvement within Solaria’s service delivery. This research demonstrates the value of IPA as a tool for enhancing community service programs. By aligning service delivery with beneficiary expectations, organizations can maximize the impact of their efforts and create more meaningful community engagement.

Flights from Bima to Yogyakarta can be done via transit or non-transit flight routes. The selection of flight routes carried out by cadets of the Yogyakarta Aerospace Technology College (STTKD) is quite important to know the factors that are considered in choosing the flight route to be taken, in addition, this route selection offers different alternatives in terms of travel time, ticket costs and comfort in transit and non-transit flights. With accurate information, cadets can choose the most efficient and economical option, so as to minimize their experience in traveling using air transportation. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method. Where this research method is a method of research that is descriptive and tends to use analysis. Based on the results of data analysis of five selected sources, it shows that the selection of flight routes from Bima to Yogyakarta is influenced by several main factors such as travel time, price, and comfort. In this study, the data validity checking technique used is the triangulation technique, where the triangulation technique is to test the credibility of the data carried out. In the selection of transit flight routes, the comfort of the service is more dominant, while for non-transit flight routes, the ticket price and travel time are more dominant. Of the two flight routes, each has its own main factors in selecting a flight route, namely price, travel time, and comfort.

the development of technology requires the world of education to face the optimal use of digital media. This article is quoted to describe the process of making and utilizing WordPress -based digital bulletin board in SMAN 1 2 × 11 six environment as a medium of expression, information, and memorization of digital literacy of students. The method of implementing activities includes training in the use of WordPress, the formation of an editorial team, technical assistance in making digital bulletin board, content of content publications. The results show that students are able to create a wordpress account, choose the appropriate theme, lock the content of the article, and distribute digital bulletin links online. In addition, this activity increases the ability of student digital literacy and encourages collaboration between students in managing school information. Digital Mading is proven to be an innovative and effective learning medium in fostering the 21st century skills. This article is expected to be a reference for other educators in integrating digital technology in school literacy activities.

This research aims to examine how elementary school teachers enhance students’ reading skills using Indonesian folklore as a learning medium. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data gathered through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and analysis of instructional materials. The results indicate that teachers apply various contextual teaching strategies, including guided reading, storytelling, group discussions, and vocabulary development using folklore texts. These methods help foster student engagement and improve reading comprehension. The study highlights the importance of integrating local cultural content into literacy instruction at the primary education level.

This study analyzes the strategies used by educators to improve learning motivation of mentally retarded students at SLB Negeri North Sumatra. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the study consisted of mentally retarded class teachers and seven students with varying levels of difficulty. The results showed that students' learning motivation varied, with some students showing enthusiasm for fun and relevant activities. The five main strategies applied by teachers include: (1) individual and contextual learning strategies with an emphasis on the learning by doing method, (2) the use of varied learning media such as visual media, flashcards, learning videos, and interactive applications, (3) giving rewards in the form of verbal praise and small prizes and proportional educational punishments, (4) creating a safe, comfortable, and supportive learning environment with positive communication, and (5) active cooperation with parents through communication. The main supporting factors are teachers, a school environment, and good relationships with parents, while inhibiting factors include low parental awareness and students' socio-economic conditions. The success of the strategy can be seen from the increase in more active student behavior. This study concludes that the learning motivation of mentally retarded students can be increased through an adaptive approach that involves all parties.

Penggunaan model pembelajaran yang tidak bervariasi menyebabkan siswa kurang antusias dalam pembelajaran IPS, hal tersebut berdampak pada hasil belajar IPS siswa yang kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental design jenis nonequivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian ini ialah seluruh peserta didik kelas V SDN Kebun Bunga 6 dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 50 dan kelas nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 45. Adapun nilai posttest pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh hasil rata-rata 89,38 dan kelas kontrol memperoleh nilai rata-rata 65,79. Hasil uji t posttest dengan perhitungan Independent Sample t-Test diketahui nilai signifikansi 0,000 dan thitung 7,537. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak, yang artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar IPS siswa.