This study aims to analyze the effect of product arrangement on consumer purchasing decisions at Alfamidi Jl. Tuasan, Medan. Product arrangement is a crucial visual merchandising strategy in the modern retail industry to attract consumer attention and increase sales. The study used a quantitative approach with an associative method, involving 30 respondents selected through accidental sampling techniques. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed using simple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 25. The results showed that product arrangement had a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 90.2%. The regression equation Y = 1.245 + 0.675X shows that every one unit increase in product arrangement will increase purchasing decisions by 0.675 units. The t-test produced a calculated t value of 16.071> t table 2.048 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05, confirming the research hypothesis. This finding confirms that product layout elements such as ease of access, visual appeal, and layout comfort play a vital role in influencing consumer behavior and increasing the effectiveness of retail marketing strategies.

Motivating human resources is essential for enhancing organizational performance and achieving company objectives. This study explores the influence of work motivation and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior among employees at RRI Bandar Lampung. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire from 84 respondents and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings support the first hypothesis, indicating that work motivation positively and significantly affects organizational citizenship behavior. However, the second hypothesis reveals that organizational commitment has a negative and statistically insignificant impact on organizational citizenship behavior. The study recommends that organizations actively engage employees in decision-making processes and ensure equal opportunities for all. Additionally, providing employee training programs to support career development is advised. A limitation of this research is its relatively small sample and population size. Future studies should consider incorporating additional variables that could affect motivation, commitment, and citizenship behavior.

Reading ability is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in education, as it significantly contributes to students’ academic achievement and intellectual development. This study aims to analyze the reading skills of seventh-grade students at SMP IT Robbani Indralaya, focusing on both mechanical and comprehension aspects. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 19 student respondents. The questionnaire instrument was designed based on two main aspects: mechanical skills (letter recognition, linguistic elements, and slow reading speed) and comprehension skills (understanding text meaning, evaluating content, and flexible reading speed). The analysis results showed that the majority of students were in the “Good” category (63.16%), while the rest were in the “Fair” category (36.84%). There were no students in the “Very Good” or “Poor” categories. Internal factors such as motivation and reading interest, as well as external factors such as family support and school facilities, were found to influence students' reading skills. This study recommends the implementation of continuous and collaborative literacy development efforts involving students, teachers, schools, and families to improve reading skills comprehensively.
 
 

This research aims to analyze the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning based on emotional intelligence (EQ) in elementary schools in order to increase the effectiveness of adaptive and characterful learning. This study focuses on the use of AI to personalize teaching materials, strengthen spiritual values, and develop students' empathy and social skills through an EQ-based approach. The method used is literature study by analyzing various sources such as journals, books and articles related to AI, PAI and EQ-based learning. The research results show that AI integration can facilitate interactive and enjoyable learning, while the EQ approach strengthens students' internalization of religious and emotional values. However, its success depends on collaboration between technology, teachers and a curriculum oriented towards the holistic development of children. 

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling in improving students' social skills in schools through an analysis of 20 articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The results of the review show that group counseling is effective in developing various aspects of students' social skills, including interpersonal communication, cooperation, empathy, and confidence. Various approaches are applied in the implementation of group counseling, such as modeling techniques, role playing, assertive approaches, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and group discussions. The program also creates a safe space for students to share experiences, gain emotional support, and learn to manage emotions and build positive social relationships. Factors that support the success of the program include counselor skills, a good program structure, and support from teachers, parents, and the school environment. Based on these findings, group counseling can be considered as one of the effective strategies to support students' social and emotional development and improve the quality of learning in schools.

The marmet technique is a technique used to express breastmilk. This technique provides a relaxing effect and also reactivates the milk ejection reflex (MER) so that milk begins to drip. With the MER activated, breast milk will often spray out by itself. The marmet technique is a massage using two fingers. This method is often referred to as back to nature because it is simple and does not require cost. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the marmet technique on the smoothness of breast milk in postpartum mothers in the working area of the Mowewe health center in 2021. This type of pseudo-experimental research uses a nonequivalent control group design model. The research sample was the experimental group who were given treatment with marmet massage techniques on postpartum mothers as many as 10 people and the control group was those who were not given marmet massage treatment on postpartum mothers as many as 10 people. The results showed that there was no effect of marmet technique on the smoothness of breast milk in postpartum mothers in the working area of Mowewe health center. The difference between the average pretest and posttest in the control group using the paired sample t-test test obtained a t value = 3.240 and a p value = 0.010 (p < 0.05). It is hoped that the results of the study will serve as a source of information and add insight into the marmet method for smooth breastfeeding for postpartum mothers.
 

The implementation of e-government has become a key strategy for enhancing public trust in government institutions, particularly in ASEAN countries with varying levels of digital transformation. However, the extent to which e-government adoption influences public trust remains unclear due to disparities in digital infrastructure, public engagement, and policy frameworks. This study examines the relationship between e-government implementation and public trust in ASEAN, identifying key influencing factors. This research employs a quantitative approach using panel data analysis of e-government indices and public trust levels from 2015 to 2023. The dataset includes ten ASEAN countries, covering variables such as the E-Government Development Index (EGDI), digital participation rates, and GDP per capita. The results indicate a significant positive correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) between e-government adoption and public trust, with countries having higher digital participation rates (above 60%) experiencing greater trust improvements. Furthermore, transparency and service reliability (? = 0.64) are more influential than economic factors such as GDP per capita (? = 0.32) in shaping public trust. These findings highlight the crucial role of digital service quality and citizen engagement in fostering public trust beyond economic growth. This study contributes to the literature by emphasizing the need to strengthen digital infrastructure and public participation in e-government initiatives. Future research should explore the socio-political aspects of e-government adoption to provide a deeper understanding of its long-term impact on governance.

Settlement is a basic human need that is closely related to the feasibility of life and well-being. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of settlement patterns that occur in rural and urban areas, and to investigate the factors that influence these patterns. This study collects, analyzes, and synthesizes related literature. The results show that settlement patterns in urban areas are denser and develop vertically, while settlement patterns in rural areas tend to be spread out and horizontal. Various factors, such as natural conditions (such as climate, topography, water and land availability), socio-economic factors (such as employment, education, and income), and government policies and local cultural developments, influence these differences. These results emphasize that understanding settlement patterns as a whole is essential to building areas that are equitable, sustainable, and responsive to community needs.

Reading delays and low learning focus in grade 3 elementary school students are significant challenges in primary education. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause reading delay and decreased learning focus in grade 3 elementary school students, as well as explore effective learning strategies to overcome them. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various related scientific sources. The results of the analysis show that internal factors such as low reading interest and lack of motivation, as well as external factors such as lack of family support and a less conducive learning environment, contribute to reading delays and decreased study focus. Learning strategies involving phonic methods, multisensory approaches, and the use of educational technology have proven to be effective in improving students' reading and focus skills. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of the role of teachers and parents in creating a supportive learning environment and implementing appropriate learning methods to address reading delays and improve students' focus on learning.

This study examines the relationship between cultural heritage and syntactic evolution in multilingual societies, focusing on cross-generational language transmission. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it analyzes linguistic practices, cultural narratives, and syntactic patterns across three generational cohorts in five distinct multilingual communities. Findings reveal significant generational shifts, with elders preserving traditional syntax linked to cultural rituals, while younger cohorts exhibit syntactic simplifications and hybrid constructions influenced by dominant languages. Statistical analyses underscore the role of cultural practices in shaping linguistic patterns, highlighting the dynamic interplay between heritage preservation and linguistic innovation in contexts of societal bilingualism and intercultural interaction. The research demonstrates that syntactic changes correlate strongly with the frequency and depth of cultural engagement, with participants who actively participate in traditional practices showing greater retention of heritage language syntactic features. Furthermore, we identify specific linguistic mechanisms through which cultural transmission influences syntactic maintenance and innovation, including ritualized speech patterns, narrative structures, and metaphorical expressions embedded in cultural practices. This study contributes to theoretical understandings of language change by proposing a cultural-syntactic framework that helps explain the variable trajectories of heritage languages in diverse multilingual contexts.