Increased textile industry production increases water pollution, especially rhodamine B dyes that are difficult to degrade. Global efforts to reduce water pollution through the adsorption process have been carried out with various adsorbents, the utilization of bottom ash from palm oil mill boiler combustion waste is still very minimal. This study examines the effect of contact time and bottom ash adsorbent mass on the adsorption capacity and absorption efficiency of rhodamine B using a fixed bed column adsorption process. The results showed that the longer the adsorption time, the higher the absorption efficiency. In the rhodamine B adsorption process, the best absorption efficiency was 98.308% at 10 cm bed height for 120 minutes and the best absorption capacity was 0.474 mg/g at 12 cm bed height for 150 minutes. The R2 price of Langmuir isotherm was 0.9999. FTIR analysis showed the presence of -OH, C-H, C=C and C-O functional groups that play a role in the adsorption process. The surface area of bottom ash from SAA test was 94.517 m2 /g. The SEM-EDX test analysis results had dominant elements of C, O and Si which showed good adsorption activity. From the results of the study that bottom ash from the combustion of oil palm mill boilers can be used as an effective adsorbent in reducing rhodamine B.

Injury prevention and management represent essential competencies for athletes, particularly in contact sports such as football, where physical strain is prevalent. However, limited empirical data exist concerning young athletes’ awareness of injury mechanisms, treatment procedures, and preventive strategies. This study aims to assess the knowledge level of Kancil Mas U-21 football players regarding sports injuries, including their treatment and prevention, using a descriptive statistical approach. Data were collected from 13 male athletes aged 19–21 via a structured questionnaire distributed through online platforms. The research utilized the Guttman scale to categorize responses and applied classification norms to interpret the knowledge level across three core domains: injury, treatment, and prevention. Findings revealed that the majority of athletes demonstrated a moderate understanding of injury occurrence and prevention, while knowledge related to treatment remained relatively low. The urgency of this research lies in the necessity to bridge knowledge gaps among young athletes to prevent long-term performance limitations and injury recurrence. The study's novelty stems from its focus on a semi-professional U-21 football cohort, offering insights rarely captured in mainstream sports injury literature. The contribution of this study is to inform targeted educational interventions in sports clubs and youth academies, ultimately strengthening health literacy, reducing injury incidence, and enhancing athletic performance continuity within the context of competitive football.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana audit sistem informasi berbasis komputer dapat mencegah terjadinya kecurangan (fraud). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Jenis -jenis teknik yang digunakan didasarkan pada penelitian literatur. Analisis data dilakukan oleh editor data, presentasi, dan urutan kompensasi data. Jika teknologi audit berbasis komputer meningkatkan pengawasan keuangan dan bertekad untuk mengetahui kemungkinan penipuan sebelumnya. Sistem uji berbasis komputer semakin banyak digunakan di dunia bisnis untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan mencegahnya (penipuan). Teknologi seperti Teknologi Bantu Komputer (CAAT), Kecerdasan Buatan (AI), dan analisis data memungkinkan penguji untuk menganalisis transaksi lebih cepat, lebih akurat dan lebih efisien daripada metode tradisional. Sistem ini dapat mengenali pola transaksi yang mencurigakan, mengurangi kesalahan manusia dan meningkatkan kontrol internal perusahaan. Namun, aplikasi menetapkan hambatan seperti sumber daya SDM yang terbatas, persyaratan pertemuan personel, ancaman dari keamanan data, dan biaya investasi yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, strategi yang tepat diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan metode audit untuk menciptakan sistem keuangan yang lebih bertanggung jawab, lebih efisien dan transparan.

The rise of trademark and copyright issues in Indonesia is related to the reality of globalization in modern trade, because inventive progress often causes plagiarism difficulties and challenges the legal framework of modern intellectual property rights. In the case of Ruben Onsu and Geprek Bensu, this journal attempts to answer several issues from the problem. The research method used is juridical-normative with a qualitative approach to explore data and analyze related legal norms. This study explores copyright protection in the culinary industry, the tension between name ownership and trademark rights. This journal will focus on the urgency of trademark registration and how to resolve the Geprek Bensu dispute.

Abstract. Aging naturally reduces physiology, increasing susceptibility to injuries, particularly in the knee joint, which supports substantial body weight and is vulnerable to osteoarthritis and ligament injuries. The current study investigates the effectiveness of leg muscle strength training in reducing knee pain intensity among elderly women aged 45 years and older residing in Gayamsari District, Semarang. A pre-experimental design employing a one-group pre-test post-test approach was implemented. Forty-two participants were selected using purposive sampling methods. The intervention involved leg muscle strengthening exercises conducted twice per week for six weeks, with each session lasting 40 minutes. Knee pain intensity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale both prior to and following the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test due to non-normally distributed data. Findings indicated a statistically significant reduction in knee pain intensity, with average pre-test pain scores recorded at 3.2 ± 2.2 and average post-test scores recorded at 0.9 ± 1.4 (p = 0.000). Of the participants, 40 demonstrated a reduction in pain levels, whereas 2 participants showed no improvement, potentially influenced by additional medical conditions including gout and hypertension. In conclusion, leg muscle strength training significantly contributed to reducing knee pain intensity in elderly women, thereby justifying inclusion in rehabilitation programs targeting knee pain associated with osteoarthritis and ligament injuries. Further research is recommended to investigate tailored training protocols that account for co-morbid conditions and their impact on pain management efficacy.
Abstract in Indonesia. Penuaan secara alami mengurangi fisiologi, meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap cedera, terutama pada sendi lutut, yang menopang berat tubuh yang substansial dan rentan terhadap osteoatritis dan cedera ligamen. Penelitian saat ini menyelidiki efektivitas latihan kekuatan otot kaki dalam mengurangi intensitas nyeri lutut di antara wanita lanjut usia berusia 45 tahun ke atas yang tinggal di Kecamatan Gayamsari, Semarang. Desain pra-eksperimental yang menggunakan pendekatan satu kelompok pra-tes pasca-tes diterapkan. Empat puluh dua peserta dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Intervensi melibatkan latihan penguatan otot kaki yang dilakukan dua kali seminggu selama enam minggu, dengan setiap sesi berlangsung selama 40 menit. Intensitas nyeri lutut dinilai menggunakan Numerical Rating Scale sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji peringkat bertanda Wilcoxon karena data tidak terdistribusi normal. Temuan menunjukkan pengurangan signifikan secara statistik dalam intensitas nyeri lutut, dengan skor nyeri pra-tes rata-rata tercatat sebesar 3,2 ± 2,2 dan skor pasca-tes rata-rata tercatat sebesar 0,9 ± 1,4 (p = 0,000). Dari peserta, 40 menunjukkan pengurangan tingkat nyeri, sedangkan 2 peserta tidak menunjukkan perbaikan, yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh kondisi medis tambahan termasuk asam urat dan hipertensi. Sebagai kesimpulan, latihan kekuatan otot kaki berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pengurangan intensitas nyeri lutut pada wanita lanjut usia, sehingga membenarkan dimasukkannya dalam program rehabilitasi yang menargetkan nyeri lutut yang terkait dengan osteoatritis dan cedera ligamen. Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk menyelidiki protokol pelatihan yang disesuaikan yang memperhitungkan kondisi komorbiditas dan dampaknya terhadap kemanjuran manajemen nyeri.

During the time of Rasulullah SAW, Muslims did not need certain rules in understanding sharia law. After the spread of Futuhat Islamiyah, Arab Muslims interacted a lot with other nations who had different languages. On the other hand, the need for ijtihad is very urgent, because there are many new problems that have never occurred before and require clarity in fiqh law. So two large madrasahs emerged that reflected their ijtihad method - the Ahlir-ra'yi Madrasah used more qiyas (analogies) to generate heated debates, thus making the ulama feel the need to create written regulations that were recorded as common law in uniting these two madrasas. The hadith about being more careful in giving fatwas and qiyas gave rise to heated debate, making the ulama feel the need to make written rules which were recorded as joint laws in uniting the two madrasas. Imam Syafi'i was the first person to write a book about ushul fiqh-Imam Syafii was a great mufti of the Muslim community who was also the founder of the Syafi'i school, developing his school in Baghdad. Ushul fiqh is the postulates of fiqh which are global in nature - The object of the discussion is to study the postulates which are still of a general nature seen from their general legal provisions and the ultimate aim of studying them is to protect the Islamic religion from deviations and misuse of the postulates of the Shari'a, so that misleading carelessness does not occur.

Internal access abuse is a form of fraud that can significantly harm a company, both financially and reputationally. Therefore, it is essential for companies to implement effective preventive measures to protect the integrity of their information systems and assets. This article discusses various strategies that can be applied to prevent fraud, including the implementation of strong internal controls, segregation of duties, and strict access controls. Additionally, features such as audit trails, clear security policies, and the use of advanced security technologies are key elements in detecting and preventing access abuse. Building a culture of ethics and transparency within the company, as well as providing ongoing education and training to employees, is also crucial for raising awareness of fraud risks. Conducting regular audits and risk assessments can help companies identify potential weaknesses in their internal control systems. By adopting a comprehensive and integrated approach, companies can protect their assets, maintain operational integrity, and build trust among employees and stakeholders, ultimately contributing to the long-term success of the organization

This research discusses the legal process against children who commit indecent crimes and the role of rehabilitation as a recovery effort based on Decision Number XXX/Pid.Sus-Anak/2024/PN Mgg. This investigation uses normative and empirical legal methods by analyzing laws and regulations and judicial practices against children. This investigation purposes to examine the role of the prosecutor in determining the boarding school as a place of rehabilitation and assess the suitability of the prosecutor's charges with the provisions of juvenile criminal law in Indonesia. The findings showed that prosecutors play an important role in determining the form of rehabilitation by coordinating with community supervisors, considering the best interests of the child as stipulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System (UU SPPA). The selection of pesantren as a place for rehabilitation reflects an educational approach that not only punishes, but also shapes the morals and character of children so that they can return to society in a better condition. This rehabilitation also provides access to education and guidance in an environment that supports the mental and social recovery of children and prevents repetition of criminal acts.

Traditional games play an important role in the motor development of elementary school children. However, cultural changes and increasing use of technology have caused these games to be played less and less. This study aims to analyze the effect of traditional games on the motor development of elementary school children. Using a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design, this study involved 20 4th grade elementary school students who were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was given treatment in the form of traditional games such as hopscotch, gobak sodor, and jump rope for 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in the gross motor development of children who participated in traditional games compared to the control group. In addition to motor benefits, traditional games also contribute to children's social, cognitive, and character development. Therefore, the integration of traditional games into the physical education curriculum in elementary schools is highly recommended to support children's holistic development.

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) contains ?-carotene as source of pro-vitamin A. Alternative adsorbent that can be used to adsorb ?-carotene is Palm Oil Fly Ash (POFA). This study aims to determine the ability of POFA activated with H3PO4 and Cu/Zn impregnation to adsorb ?-carotene from CPO to obtain characteristics data of modified POFA and its ability to adsorb ?-carotene. The main materials used were CPO and POFA. The parameters observed were the characterization and performance test of 9% H3PO4-activated POFA produced at various heating times for 90, 150, and 210 minutes with Cu/Zn impregnation. BET analysis showed the POFA with heating time of 90 minutes had the largest surface area of 19.4785 m2/g, XRD showed the presence of CuO, ZnO, quartz, and SiO2 diffraction patterns, FTIR showed that the POFA contained O-H groups, O-H, Si-H, Al-O, asymetric Si-O, and Si-O-Si bending vibrations, and SEM-EDX results showed that POFA has hollow pores and a rough spherical surface. Based on the results of UV-Vis Spectrophotometry analysis, the most optimal result was obtained in the ?-carotene adsorption process with POFA-modified 2 variations of activation heating time for 150 minutes, which succeeded in adsorbing 86% of ?-carotene.