This study used library research research methods to investigate curriculum approaches in English language teaching in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to identify curriculum approaches commonly used in English language teaching in Indonesia and to understand how these approaches shape teaching methods and strategies applied in language classrooms. In this study, the author conducted a comprehensive literature review of relevant literature, including textbooks, research journals, articles, and education policies related to English language teaching in Indonesia. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively to identify curriculum approaches commonly used in the context of English language teaching in Indonesia. The results of this study show that some curriculum approaches commonly used in English teaching in Indonesia include content-based approaches, communicative approaches, task-based approaches, and grammar-based approaches. The selection of this curriculum approach is based on the goals and objectives of the program, as well as the needs and interests of learners. In conclusion, in Indonesia, English teaching is influenced by various curriculum approaches, which shape the methods and strategies applied in language classes. The choice of curriculum approach in English language teaching depends on the goals and objectives of the program, as well as the needs and interests of learners. Different approaches can be used in combination to create a comprehensive and effective language learning experience so that language learners can easily master the language in a formal setting.

This research aims in order to help teachers and students create an effective and current curriculum that includes strategic approaches, teaching methods, and descriptions of challenges and solutions in implementing language learning, the goal of this research is to explain an innovative approach to teaching English to non-native speakers of the language. English taught in Indonesian classrooms A approach for conducting library research was used. Data acquisition through documentation ISI analysis is the method employed. Because Indonesia's educational system was in crisis when this study was being written, it was decided to base its findings on ideas that are frequently utilized in teaching English. The principles of communication, empathy for others, knowledge integration, project-based learning, and technology utilization have been stated above.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Self-efficacy is one of the factors that can increase individual adversity quotient; this study aims to see the relationship between self-efficacy and adversity quotient in employees of PT XYZ Palembang. This research method uses a correlational quantitative approach; the subjects in this study were 105 employees of PT XYZ Palembang using simple random sampling. The research instrument used is the psychological scale of self-efficacy and adversity quotient. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using a simple regression test. The results of this study obtained a relationship between self-efficacy and adversity quotient in employees of PT XYZ Palembang with the results of hypothesis testing obtained, namely the results obtained based on the correlation value between the self-efficacy variable and adversity quotient, namely with a value of r = 0.397 with a value of R square = 0.157 and p = 0.000 where the value of p &lt; 0.01. This shows that there is a relationship between self-efficacy and adversity quotient in employees of PT XYZ Palembang.</em></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>self-efficacy, adversity quotient, holding company</em></p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Pressure in undergoing the academic process in lectures often makes students feel stressed which can reduce student academic resilience. This study aims to see the effectiveness of expressive writing therapy on increasing academic resilience. Using quantitative experimental research method with a Two Group PreTest PostTest Design, this study involved 20 students who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The measuring instrument used is the Resilient Questionnaire Scale, which is constructed based on seven resilience aspects by Reivich and Shatte. Data analysis using paired sample T-Test in the experimental group showed a pretest score of 130.93 and a posttest score of 213.40 with the Sig. value obtained. (2-tailed) of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. These results indicate an increase in posttest scores in the experimental group, so the applied expressive writing therapy appears to be effective in enhancing academic resilience in students</em></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Expressive Writing Therapy, Academic Resilience, Students</em></p>

Praise and blessings to God Almighty for His abundant mercy so that we can complete the group assignment that has been given. In this assignment, we have attempted to present the information briefly and concisely, with the aim of providing a general overview of the topics discussed. While this assignment may not be able to explore every aspect in depth, we hope to provide sufficient understanding and answer some questions that may arise. Finally, we would like to thank you, the reader, for your interest and the time you took to read this assignment. Hopefully this assignment can provide new insights and help you understand the topic better. Once again, thank you for this opportunity and hope this assignment meets your expectations.

This research aims to discover the legal consequences of making a marriage agreement deed by a notary who has yet to be registered at the Office of Religious Affairs. This research method is normative legal research examining the legal consequences of making a marriage agreement deed by a notary who has yet registered at the Office of Religious Affairs. The research method used includes research on legal principles, systematic law analysis, and legal synchronization study. This research is focused on case studies of the East Jakarta Religious Court Decision Number 4855/Pdt.G/2019/Pa. It is related to doing a marriage agreement deed by a notary without registration at the Office of Religious Affairs. The results of this study analyze the legal implications of non-recording, both from the perspective of the validity of the marriage agreement certificate and its legal impact on the parties concerned. The novelty of this research is that administrative inaccuracies in making a marriage agreement can affect its legal validity and related rights. This research also seeks to provide recommendations for increasing awareness and compliance with applicable legal procedures to avoid potential conflicts and disputes in the future related to the marriage agreement deed. 

This article aims to analyze the nature of criminal responsibility and criminal law reform in ODGJ criminal responsibility which is oriented towards the theory of dignified justice. The urgency of this study is that the application of the formulation of offenses in the provisions of Article 44 of the WvS Criminal Code is not appropriate for perpetrators of criminal acts who are malingering, lack of legal protection to victims. Therefore, a reform of criminal law is needed. In the preparation of this research using normative juridical legal research methods carried out through literature review as the basic material for analysis. The result of the discussion of this study is that the reform of criminal law, especially in ODGJ criminal liability which has been regulated in Article 38 juncto Article 39 of the National Criminal Code, where the rule of law is more appropriate, and has been oriented towards the theory of dignified justice. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to the role of relevant law enforcement officials such as the Police and Hospitals which in this case issue Visum et Repertum (VeR), because correct law enforcement is also needed from law enforcement officials.

 This research aims to analyze the obstacles in handling election crimes and find the ideal argumentation basis to be used as an improvement to the handling of election crimes. The current handling of election criminal offenses is affected by problems of substance and structure. In terms of substance, there are several articles that regulate elements that are difficult to prove, such as articles related to money politics, political dowries, and unscheduled campaigns, while in terms of structure, the existence of integrated law enforcement centers tends to differ with each other in the process of handling election criminal offenses, which has an impact on the discontinuation of handling election criminal offenses. In addition, there is a change in the personnel of investigators and prosecutors when the process of handling violations is ongoing. This research is normative research. The results of the research illustrate that the redesign of the handling of election criminal offenses is carried out with two approaches, namely first, Article 492, Article 494, Article 495 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), Article 513, Article 515, Article 518, Article 545. Second, the redesign of the handling of electoral crimes through the enactment of the concept of the provisions of Article 486 paragraph (2) and paragraph (4) expressly in the pattern of handling electoral crimes by the Gakkumdu center by placing the span of control of the termination of the investigation and prosecution process through legal instruments issued by Bawaslu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kendala dalam penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu serta menemukan basis argumentasi yang ideal untuk digunakan sebagai perbaikan terhadap penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu. Penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu saat ini dipengaruhi oleh problematika subtansi dan struktur. Dari sisi substansi, terdapat beberapa pasal yang mengatur Unsur-unsur yang sulit dibuktikan semisal pasal terkait politik uang, mahar politik, dan kampanye luar jadwal, sedangkan dari sisi struktur, keberadaan sentra penegakan hukum terpadu cenderung saling berbeda pandangan dalam proses penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu, yang berdampak pada tidak dilanjutkanya penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu. Di samping itu pula, dalam terjadi pergantian personil penyidik dan penuntut di saat proses penanganan pelanggaran tengah berjalan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif. Adapun hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran yakni redesain terhadap penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu dilakukan dengan dua pendekatan yakni pertama, Pasal 492, Pasal 494, Pasal 495 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), Pasal 513, Pasal 515, Pasal 518, Pasal 545. Kedua, redesain terhadap penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu melalui dengan memberlakukan konsep ketentuan Pasal 486 ayat (2) dan ayat (4) secara tegas pada pola penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu oleh Sentra Gakkumdu dengan menempatkan rentang kendali penghentian proses penyidikan dan penuntutan melalui instrument hukum yang dikeluarkan oleh Bawaslu.  

This research aims to analyze the fundamental issues of domein verklaring in the legislation regarding land banks concerning communities and to examine the legal protection for communities regarding the establishment of land banks. The creation of the Land Bank intended to provide land for public purposes may ironically escalate agrarian conflicts instead. The verklaring domain principle which contained in the land bank concept defined that land whose ownership cannot be proven will become the state’s property. This will certainly endanger customary law communities and the concept of a land bank interpreting the state as owning land is contrary to Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 NRI Law, where the State is tasked with regulating natural resources. The results of this research show that there are elements of the domein verklaring principle in the land bank legislation. Thus, the land bank needs to be canceled through an application for judicial review to the Constitutional Court. The novelty in this research is legal protection for indigenous peoples by the establishment of indigenous people laws and submitting judicial review applications to the Constitutional Court. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis permasalahan asas domein verklaring dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tentang bank tanah terhadap masyarakat hukum adat dan mengkaji perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat hukum adat atas lahirnya bank tanah. Lahirnya bank tanah yang bertujuan untuk menyediakan tanah untuk kepentingan umum, justru hanya akan menambah konflik agrarian. Asas domein verklaring yang terdapat dalam konsep bank tanah mengartikan bahwa tanah yang tidak dapat dibuktikan kepemilikannya akan menjadi milik negara. Hal tersebut jelas akan membahayakan masyarakat hukum adat dan konsep bank tanah menafsirkan negara memiliki tanah bertentangan dengan Pasal 33 ayat (3) UU NRI 1945, di mana Negara bertugas untuk mengatur untuk SDA dimanfaatkan sebesar-besarnya untuk rakyat. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan adanya unsur-unsur asas domein verklaring dalam peraturan perundang-undangan bank tanah. Sehingga, bank tanah perlu dibatalkan melalui permohonan uji materi kepada Mahkamah Konstitusi. Adapun kebaharuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat adat dengan pembentukan undang-undang masyarakat hukum adat dan mengajukan permohonan uji materi kepada Mahkamah Konstitusi.      

Fraud detection is used in various industries, including banking institutes, finance, insurance, government agencies, etc. Recent increases in the number of fraud attempts make fraud detection crucial for safeguarding financial information that is confidential or personal. Many types of fraud problems exist, including card-not-present fraud, fake Marchant, counterfeit checks, stolen credit cards, and others. An ensemble feature selection technique based on Recursive feature elimination (RFE), Information gain (IG), and Chi-Squared (X2) in concurrence with the Random Forest algorithm, was proposed to give research findings and results on fraud detection and prevention. The objective was to choose the essential features for training the model. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Score, Accuracy, F1 Score, and Precision are used to evaluate the model's performance. The findings show that the model can differentiate between fraudulent transactions and those that are not, with an ROC Score of 95.83% and an Accuracy of 99.6%. The F1 Score of 99.6%% and precision of 100% further sustain the model's ability to detect fraudulent transactions with the least false positives correctly. The ensemble feature selection technique reduced training time and did not compromise the model's performance, making it a valuable tool for businesses in preventing fraudulent transactions.