Rapid advances in information technology have fuelled the emergence of digital currencies such as Bitcoin as an increasingly popular means of transaction in Indonesia. However, behind the convenience and speed offered, the use of Bitcoin also poses a high risk of fraud in online transactions. The main objective of this research is to analyse the nature of legal protection for Bitcoin users in Indonesia. This research applies normative juridical method with statutory approach, conceptual approach, case study analysis, and refers to legal protection theory, online transaction theory, and legal economic theory. One of the case studies studied is the High Court Decision 1240/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Tng which reflects the existence of a vacuum and vagueness of legal norms in the protection of Bitcoin users. The analysis shows that although Bitcoin has been regulated under the legal framework of digital asset trading, there are still inefficiencies in the application of legal protection in a comprehensive and effective manner. This research emphasises the need for more progressive regulatory reforms, as well as strengthening the role of law enforcement agencies and financial technology supervisors to ensure fair, certain and comprehensive protection for Bitcoin users in the territory of Indonesia. It is hoped that the results of this research can strengthen theoretical contributions in enriching the development of digital economy law and become a practical reference for policy makers.

Entrepreneurs in the digital era face constant challenges that require adaptation and innovation. Although economic and managerial factors are often the focus, the role of psychological dimensions such as resilience and creativity in entrepreneurial success has not been widely reviewed in depth. This study aims to examine relevant theories and findings on psychological resilience and creativity in the context of entrepreneurship, and to build a conceptual framework to support entrepreneurial innovation. Using a qualitative literature study method, this study systematically searches, analyzes, and synthesizes scientific literature from various databases. The results of the synthesis indicate that psychological resilience is crucial for entrepreneurs to recover from failure and adapt to change. Characteristics such as optimism and emotional regulation are the pillars of mental resilience. Meanwhile, creativity is an innovation engine that facilitates the identification of new opportunities and the development of unique solutions. A synergistic relationship between resilience and creativity is also found: resilience provides a psychological buffer for taking creative risks, and the creative process can strengthen self-resilience. The theoretical implication is the need for a more holistic entrepreneurship model. In practice, this study recommends educational institutions, especially the Faculty of Psychology, to integrate the development of resilience and creativity into the entrepreneurship curriculum.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how customers' purchasing decisions at Abu Rohmah Store are influenced by store layout and rational motivation. The study uses a quantitative survey approach, gathering information from 50 respondents via questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the gathered data. The results indicate that store layout has a significant effect on consumers' purchasing decisions, with a regression coefficient of 0.814. Furthermore, customers' rational motivation is also significantly influenced by store layout, as evidenced by the regression coefficient of 0.347. According to the coefficient of determination, 64% of the variation in consumers' purchase decisions can be explained by these two variables. These results aid in the creation of marketing plans and the enhancement of offerings in the neighborhood retail industry.

This research focuses on the implementation of conventional and digital learning media in Christian Religious Education and Character Education at SMP Negeri 8 Palangkaraya. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of these media in enhancing student understanding and engagement. A quantitative experimental design was employed, involving 106 seventh-grade students divided into groups using different media: educational snake and ladder games for conventional media and interactive PowerPoint presentations for digital media. Data were collected through observations and Likert-scale questionnaires. The findings indicate that both media effectively foster a lively learning atmosphere, with students showing high enthusiasm and participation. The conventional media was particularly beneficial for active learners, while digital media catered to visual learners. The implications suggest that varied media use can enhance teaching quality and accommodate diverse learning styles, making learning more engaging and meaningful.

Advances in information technology have driven the transformation of health services towards digitalization, one of which is through the Mobile JKN application provided by BPJS Kesehatan. This study aims to analyze the level of satisfaction of the Medan City community with the online registration process using the Mobile JKN application. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with a purposive sampling technique on 100 respondents who meet the criteria: domiciled in Medan City, aged over 17 years, and have used the Mobile JKN application. Data were collected through a closed questionnaire based on a Likert scale covering aspects of ease of use, speed of service, clarity of information, and general satisfaction. The results showed that the majority of respondents were satisfied with the ease of access and speed of registration through the application, although there were still technical obstacles and lack of information felt by some users. These findings can be the basis for improving the digitalization system of health services, especially in optimizing features and delivering information on the Mobile JKN application.

Elementary school-aged children have unique characteristics, such as enjoying play, movement, group activities, and hands-on learning. Most students at this age prefer practical activities over theoretical instruction. Therefore, primary education aims to support and develop children's growth in accordance with their developmental tasks. Elementary school teachers play a crucial role in integrating these developmental needs into the learning process. The implementation of education at the elementary level must align with national regulations and policies, including standards for management, assessment, facilities, final examinations (UASBN), and teacher qualifications. Learning evaluation is a critical component in ensuring educational quality. However, in practice, teachers often face challenges such as limited time and a lack of understanding in assessing affective and psychomotor domains. As a result, solutions such as teacher training and more effective classroom management are necessary. This study aims to identify the challenges and proposed solutions related to the implementation of learning evaluations in elementary schools based on interviews with educational practitioners.
 

Every citizen has the right to get a job. Meanwhile, the work that is necessary for people to live a decent life for humanity is a job that pays enough and does not cause accidents or diseases. Law on Health No. 17 of 2023 Law No. 1 of 1970 on Occupational Safety: This law is the legal basis for the implementation of K3LH in Indonesia. Law No. 13 of 2003: Article 88 paragraph (1) of this Law states that every worker has the right to protection for occupational safety and health.  Permenaker No. 5 of 1996: This regulation regulates the K3 Management System. Meanwhile, getting enough wages in jobs in our country is very difficult and the weak protection of workers, especially regarding freelance daily workers, has not received much attention in the government's observation. Legal protection plays a crucial role in ensuring that K3 coaching runs effectively and sustainably. This includes regulations that require K3 training, the appointment of competent K3 officers, and incident reporting. The main challenges include ineffective supervision and low legal awareness. A robust legal framework, including K3 training, certification, and auditing standards, is essential to encourage investment in quality coaching. Strict law enforcement against K3 violations is also vital to minimize accidents and occupational diseases.

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digital marketing is rapidly expanding, enabling highly personalized strategies for consumers. However, this advancement also raises serious concerns about data privacy, especially amid varying regulations such as the GDPR (Europe), CCPA (United States), and local policies across Southeast Asia. This study examines how AI technologies like Natural Language Processing (NLP) and predictive analytics can adaptively balance personalization with privacy protection. It also explores the emotional dimension of consumer responses—particularly trust and anxiety—and how these emotions shape perceptions of digital marketing strategies under different regulatory contexts. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining survey data from 400 respondents across three regions and in-depth interviews with 20 extreme-case participants. The analysis utilized tools such as SmartPLS, NVivo, and visual platforms like Tableau AI and MonkeyLearn. Findings reveal that limiting the collection of sensitive data can increase consumer acceptance by up to 23% without compromising marketing effectiveness. Consumer trust emerged as a key mediating factor, while anxiety amplified the demand for transparency. In Southeast Asia, incentive-based strategies were found to be 35% more effective than regulatory approaches. These findings underscore the importance of integrating technological, emotional, and cultural dimensions when designing ethical and context-aware digital marketing strategies.

Digital transformation in the public sector through the implementation of e-government offers significant opportunities to enhance transparency and citizen engagement. This study analyzes the impact of digital transparency on public trust and citizen participation in Southeast Asia, focusing on Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. A conceptual model was developed based on three main theories: Digital Transparency Theory, Institutional Trust Theory, and Digital Divide Theory. The research adopts a Design Science Research approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through a survey of 600 respondents and in-depth interviews with 15 key stakeholders. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that digital transparency has a significant effect on public trust (? = 0.624), which in turn increases citizen participation (? = 0.538). Government reputation serves as a positive mediator (? = 0.293), while the digital divide acts as a negative moderator (? = -0.146), hindering the effectiveness of transparency in areas with limited digital access. These findings underscore the need for digital literacy strategies and the design of more inclusive e-government systems. The study provides both theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the dynamics of e-government in developing countries and promotes sustainable citizen engagement through equitable digital transparency approaches.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of Good Corporate Governance at Bank BNI KK Pandanaran Semarang. The population in this study was all staff of the Internal Supervisory Unit (SPI) of Bank BNI KK Pandanaran Semarang, totaling 32 people. Data were analyzed using the Dean J. Champion formula. The results of the research show that overall Good Corporate Governance at Bank BNI KK Pandanaran Semarang has been implemented well. The principles of Accountability and Fairness have been implemented very well. The principles of Transparency, Independence and Accountability have been implemented well.