The metaverse has emerged as a new domain within the digital economy, offering decentralized and participatory ecosystems driven by digital assets such as NFTs, tokens, and cryptocurrencies. Platforms like Decentraland, Roblox, and The Sandbox represent varied models of economic governance and user engagement. However, effective economic management strategies in these virtual environments remain underdeveloped. This study explores how the three platforms manage digital economies, focusing on asset governance, community incentives, and risk dynamics. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, and then thematically analyzed using NVivo software. Results show decentraland emphasizes DAO-based transparency, Roblox relies on centralized monetization, and The Sandbox balances both in a hybrid model. The study concludes that successful economic strategies in the metaverse require integrating governance structures, incentive mechanisms, and social user interaction. These findings offer insights for building more adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable digital economic frameworks in virtual ecosystems.

The development of electric vehicles (EV) as part of the transformation of the global transportation system offers a strategic solution to support economic sustainability and environmental preservation. This study aims to analyze the impact of EVs on infrastructure and develop sustainable solutions through a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results of the study indicate that EV adoption can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve urban air quality, and support energy efficiency. In addition, the development of the EV industry drives economic growth through job creation and utilization of local resources, especially in the context of implementing the Domestic Component Level (TKDN). However, the success of the transition to an electric-based transportation system is highly dependent on the readiness of the charging infrastructure, policy consistency, and public awareness. This study recommends cross-sector collaboration in developing an EV ecosystem, accelerating the downstreaming of the battery industry, and integrating renewable energy transitions to maximize the positive impact of EVs on sustainable development in Indonesia.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of Good Corporate Governance at Bank BNI KK Pandanaran Semarang. The population in this study was all staff of the Internal Supervisory Unit (SPI) of Bank BNI KK Pandanaran Semarang, totaling 32 people. Data were analyzed using the Dean J. Champion formula. The results of the research show that overall Good Corporate Governance at Bank BNI KK Pandanaran Semarang has been implemented well. The principles of Accountability and Fairness have been implemented very well. The principles of Transparency, Independence and Accountability have been implemented well.

This study aims to identify morphological and reproductive characters in Thallophyta and Bryophyta in UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Bryophytes have high species diversity and are known as the second largest group of plants after flowering plants. They play an important role in maintaining ecosystems, especially water balance and nutrient cycles, and serve as bioindicators due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. The study was conducted by taking samples of leaf lichens and crustose lichens on various substrates such as rocks, soil, and trees, then observed using a stereo microscope and binocular microscope. The results showed that Thallophyta, such as crustose lichens, have unique morphological structures and can reproduce through ascospores, while Bryophyta, such as leaf mosses, have a life cycle that includes gametophyte and sporophyte stages. Reproduction in leaf mosses occurs sexually through the antheridium and archegonium, and asexually through stolon fragmentation. In addition to their ecological role, lichens also provide important habitat for a variety of organisms and help maintain the balance of tropical forest ecosystems. The adaptation of lichens to a wide range of environmental conditions allows them to survive in various substrates and extreme situations. This study provides new insights into the role of lichens in ecosystems and their potential applications for environmental conservation and restoration. The results of this study can serve as a basis for biodiversity conservation efforts and sustainable environmental management. Therefore, it is important to take appropriate conservation measures to preserve the vital role of lichens in ecosystems and the overall health of the environment.

The primary measure of Bank Syariah Indonesia's success in its mission to compete on a worldwide scale is the company's performance.  Credibility and public curiosity are piqued by good performance.  Customers are more likely to have faith in a bank with a high Return On Assets (ROA), which measures how profitable the institution is.  In order to determine what factors affect ROA, this research will look at the following ratios: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR).  This study makes use of secondary data culled from Bank Syariah Indonesia's quarterly financial reports covering the years 2018–2023.  Multiple liear regression was used to carry out the study.  According to the findings, ROA is considerably impacted by CAR, BOPO, NPF, and FDR all at once.  Partially, however, CAR and FDR do not affect ROA much, although BOPO and NPF do.  

This study aims to analyze the impact of online learning on students' learning independence at the secondary school level. The research is motivated by the significant shift in the education system due to the pandemic, which required students to adapt to technology-based distance learning. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation, supported by quantitative questionnaires from previous studies. The findings indicate that online learning has both positive and negative effects on students' learning independence. Positive impacts include increased student responsibility in completing assignments, ease of accessing learning materials anytime and anywhere, and enhanced parental involvement in supporting their children's learning at home. However, negative effects were also identified, such as students' tendency to engage excessively in gaming, reduced effectiveness of the learning process, and delays in task submission due to workload accumulation. Regression analysis results show a significant influence between online learning and learning independence, although the effect is moderate to low in some cases. Factors such as learning motivation, self-efficacy, and the support of the online learning environment play crucial roles in shaping student independence. The study recommends collaboration among government, schools, teachers, parents, and the wider community to improve the quality and quantity of online learning facilities, as well as more varied learning strategies to optimally support the development of students' learning independence.

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digital marketing is rapidly expanding, enabling highly personalized strategies for consumers. However, this advancement also raises serious concerns about data privacy, especially amid varying regulations such as the GDPR (Europe), CCPA (United States), and local policies across Southeast Asia. This study examines how AI technologies like Natural Language Processing (NLP) and predictive analytics can adaptively balance personalization with privacy protection. It also explores the emotional dimension of consumer responses—particularly trust and anxiety—and how these emotions shape perceptions of digital marketing strategies under different regulatory contexts. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining survey data from 400 respondents across three regions and in-depth interviews with 20 extreme-case participants. The analysis utilized tools such as SmartPLS, NVivo, and visual platforms like Tableau AI and MonkeyLearn. Findings reveal that limiting the collection of sensitive data can increase consumer acceptance by up to 23% without compromising marketing effectiveness. Consumer trust emerged as a key mediating factor, while anxiety amplified the demand for transparency. In Southeast Asia, incentive-based strategies were found to be 35% more effective than regulatory approaches. These findings underscore the importance of integrating technological, emotional, and cultural dimensions when designing ethical and context-aware digital marketing strategies.

Digital transformation in the public sector through the implementation of e-government offers significant opportunities to enhance transparency and citizen engagement. This study analyzes the impact of digital transparency on public trust and citizen participation in Southeast Asia, focusing on Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. A conceptual model was developed based on three main theories: Digital Transparency Theory, Institutional Trust Theory, and Digital Divide Theory. The research adopts a Design Science Research approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through a survey of 600 respondents and in-depth interviews with 15 key stakeholders. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that digital transparency has a significant effect on public trust (? = 0.624), which in turn increases citizen participation (? = 0.538). Government reputation serves as a positive mediator (? = 0.293), while the digital divide acts as a negative moderator (? = -0.146), hindering the effectiveness of transparency in areas with limited digital access. These findings underscore the need for digital literacy strategies and the design of more inclusive e-government systems. The study provides both theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the dynamics of e-government in developing countries and promotes sustainable citizen engagement through equitable digital transparency approaches.

Therefore, it is very important to develop and educate children so that children can improve their English skills and be able to understand English well. Reading is a basic skill that can help children to succeed in academic and non-academic fields in the future. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of reading aloud in improving children's pre-reading ability, as well as applying the strategy of learning to read aloud in education in RA Darul Falah Ketanggen. In this study, the research uses pre experimental design research method in which the research will involve experimental groups and intervene at the time of research in the form of one group pretest post test design. The location of the study was conducted in Ra Darul Falah Ketanggen. Sampling using non-Probability Sampling with purposive sampling technique based on Yamane formula. The number of samples in the study was 28 respondents. Data collection is done by using questionnaires or questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk normality test, t test, and N-Gain test. The results of statistical calculations using SPSS, show that reading aloud has an impact on the pre-reading ability of children aged 4-5 years with a black t value of 63.95 > t table 0.374. And read aloud effectively in improving children's pre-reading ability with N-Gain test results from this study is 77%. And there was an increase of 51.68 points in the posttest value compared to the pretest value.

Penyalahgunaan narkotika di Indonesia menjadi masalah sosial yang memengaruhi berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Pemerintah mengembangkan kebijakan rehabilitasi yang tidak hanya mengandalkan hukuman penjara, tetapi juga rehabilitasi medis dan sosial. Salah satu langkahnya adalah pembentukan Tim Asesmen Terpadu (TAT), yang bertugas menilai kelayakan rehabilitasi penyalahguna narkotika. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi mekanisme kerja TAT di Kabupaten Garut serta mengidentifikasi hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis empiris dengan wawancara tim hukum dan medis, serta analisis dokumen hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan TAT memiliki mekanisme terstruktur, namun menghadapi kendala seperti keterbatasan anggaran, kesulitan memperoleh data akurat, dan tantangan identifikasi peran tersangka. Solusi yang disarankan antara lain peningkatan koordinasi antar instansi, penambahan anggaran, dan penguatan pelatihan bagi petugas TAT. Penelitian ini diharapkan meningkatkan efektivitas kebijakan rehabilitasi narkotika di Garut dan daerah lain di Indonesia.