This paper explores how climate change has contributed to the armed conflict in Darfur, Sudan, by emphasizing the human security perspective. Prolonged drought, desertification, and resource scarcity have intensified tensions between farming and pastoralist communities. Using a case study method and the Human Security framework, this study finds that ecological stress acts as a threat multiplier in conflict-prone areas. Data from IPCC, SIPRI, and UNHCR reports highlight how environmental degradation worsens structural vulnerabilities and fuels horizontal violence. The analysis shows that climate change is not only an environmental issue but also a serious security concern in fragile states. The failure of state institutions to equitably manage natural resources exacerbates the crisis. Therefore, a long-term, multi-sectoral policy response is urgently needed. Integrating climate resilience into international security strategies is essential to protect basic human rights.

Maritime security is a strategic issue in Southeast Asia due to the high dependence of ASEAN countries on sea lanes for trade and regional stability. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's role in strengthening maritime security cooperation in ASEAN. The methods used are literature studies and analysis of policy documents related to ASEAN maritime cooperation and national maritime policies. The results of the study show that Indonesia is active in various regional forums such as the ASEAN Maritime Forum (AMF) and the Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum (EAMF), and carries the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) initiative. Despite challenges such as overlapping institutional authority and limited resources, Indonesia continues to demonstrate a strong commitment to promoting maritime diplomacy, strengthening governance, and handling issues such as IUU Fishing and the South China Sea conflict. The implications of this cooperation are increased regional stability and strengthening ASEAN's position in facing the geopolitical dynamics of the Indo-Pacific.

This study was motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in Physics subjects in class XII MIPA 7 at SMAN 1 Cikalongwetan, where most students had not reached the minimum mastery criteria. The purpose of this research was to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, each consisting of two meetings. Each cycle included planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observations and written tests. The results showed an improvement in student learning outcomes after the implementation of the PBL model, as indicated by the increased number of students achieving scores above the minimum standard and a higher percentage of overall mastery. These findings suggest that the Problem-Based Learning model can be an effective solution to enhance student achievement in Physics. The implication of this study emphasizes the importance of the teacher’s role in designing student-centered learning and facilitating critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

This paper discusses the impact of the Sudanese refugee crisis on security stability in the Chad border region. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces since April 2023 has triggered a massive wave of refugees, making Chad one of the main recipient countries. Using a regional security complex theory approach, this paper shows that the flow of refugees not only creates social and economic pressures, but also magnifies security risks such as infiltration of armed groups, tensions between communities, and weak control in the border region. Through document analysis, the paper highlights how Chad's capacity constraints exacerbate the situation, as well as the need for a long-term response involving cross-actor coordination and sustained international support.

Indonesia's financial reforms, starting in 2003, introduced accrual-based Government Accounting Standards (PP No. 71/2010) for transparent and efficient financial management. The Provincial Government of Yogyakarta (DIY) is required to produce accurate financial reports, including inventory management under PSAP No. 05. BPKA DIY plays a key role but faces challenges due to discrepancies between financial and inventory systems. This study examines the importance of an integrated inventory accounting system in improving the quality of financial reporting at BPKA DIY, offering recommendations to enhance efficiency and transparency.

This study aims to explore the protection mechanisms for victims of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools, with a special focus on the tragic case that occurred at the Yayasan Manarul Huda Islamic Boarding School in Bandung. Between 2016 and 2021, 13 female students were victims of sexual violence by the boarding school owner, and nine of them gave birth to children. This case highlights the weakness of the protection system in Islamic boarding schools and the imbalance in power relations between kyai and students. This study uses a qualitative approach through a literature study method to analyze legal documents, journals, and relevant reports related to child protection and sexual violence in religious educational institutions. The results of the study indicate that the main factors that exacerbate the situation are the lack of a safe reporting mechanism, the lack of technical regulations governing child protection in Islamic boarding schools, and a patriarchal culture that silences the voices of victims. This study also found the importance of the involvement of families, communities, and state institutions in building a preventive, responsive, and curative child protection system. Recommendations include the formation of internal policies in Islamic boarding schools, the establishment of a child protection task force, and active cooperation with external institutions such as the Ministry of Religion and the Indonesian Child Protection Commission. A confidential reporting system and regular training are needed for all parties in the Islamic boarding school to create a safe and dignified learning environment.

This study aims to describe the types of sarcasm found in the comment section of the TikTok account @vadelbadjideh, the types of posts that receive the most sarcastic comments, and the illocutionary speech acts contained in those comments. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, employing documentation techniques by capturing screenshots of comments from the most viewed video posts. The data were analyzed using a pragmatic approach based on Charles Morris’s theory and classified according to Elizabeth Camp’s sarcasm types and Searle’s speech act categories. The results show that lexical sarcasm is the most commonly used form by netizens, followed by propositional sarcasm, sarcasm with the word "like," and illocutionary sarcasm. Viral and controversial posts—such as videos featuring unique movements or connections to public issues—attract the highest number of sarcastic responses. The most frequent illocutionary acts found are assertive and expressive types, indicating that social media users employ sarcasm to express opinions and emotions. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of digital communication and the role of sarcasm in shaping social interactions on social media platforms.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a steadily increasing incidence rate. Although the overall survival rate is relatively high, the risk of recurrence after definitive treatment such as Radioactive Iodine (RAI) therapy remains a significant clinical challenge. Predicting recurrence risk is crucial for optimizing monitoring strategies and interventions. With advances in technology, machine learning (ML) approaches are increasingly utilized to support medical predictions, including the recurrence of thyroid cancer. This study aims to evaluate the performance of four classification algorithms—Logistic Regression, XGBClassifier, Random Forest Classifier, and Voting Classifier—in predicting thyroid cancer recurrence using the Thyroid Cancer Recurrence After RAI Therapy dataset, which consists of 383 patient records and 13 key clinical attributes. The evaluation was conducted using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) metrics. The results show that the XGBClassifier is the best-performing model with an accuracy of 97.4% and an AUC of 0.95, demonstrating superior performance in handling the minority class. This research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective machine learning–based clinical decision support systems for predicting thyroid cancer recurrence after therapy.

Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah menganalisis tingkat kemampuan siswa melalui penerapan asesmen diagnostik kognitif pada mata pelajaran matematika. Matematika masih menjadi momok bagi sebagian besar siswa termasuk di SD Kanisius Duwet. Padahal matematika memiliki banyak kegunaan bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan lainnya. Oleh karena itu guru harus mampu merancang pembelajaran matematika yang menarik dan menyenangkan sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa melalui hasil analisis tingkat kemampuan siswa pada asesmen diagnostik kognitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, dan wawancara. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VI A dengan jumlah 30 siswa. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis perencanaan diperoleh data bahwa siswa kelas VI A SD Kanisius Duwet memiliki tingkat kemampuan yang berbeda-beda dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis diperoleh 20% siswa berada pada tingkat kemampuan tinggi 33,3% siswa dengan tingkat kemampuan sedang, dan 46,6% siswa yang berada pada tingkat kemampuan rendah.

Sexual violence is a serious problem that has long-term impacts, especially for teenagers. This community service activity aims to increase high school students knowledge and awareness of sexual violence thorugh interactive counseling, educational videos, and group discussions. The results showed an increase in understanding, courage to voice opinions, and participants’ awareness of the risk of violence, Community education has provento be effective as a strategy to prevent sexual violence in teenagers.