Language serves as a crucial instrument for shaping communication and fostering understanding across diverse contexts. Effective text organization can prevent misunderstandings, making a deep understanding of English text systems and structures essential. Discourse analysis, which examines language use in social contexts to create meaning and facilitate communication, is vital for appreciating the subtleties of language and the strategies employed by speakers and writers. This study focuses on the role of references within discourse. Using Jane Austen’s Persuasion as a data source, this research applies Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework to analyze the types of anaphoric and cataphoric references. Through a descriptive qualitative methodology and document analysis, the study identifies a higher frequency of anaphoric references compared to cataphoric ones. This analysis provides insights into Austen’s storytelling techniques.

Kebakaran adalah bencana paling umum di Indonesia yang terjadi di rumah-rumah. Dalam beberapa situasi, pemilik rumah mungkin tidak menyadari kebakaran. Salah satu contohnya adalah jika kebakaran terjadi pada saat pemilik rumah tidak berada di rumah. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini, diperlukan sistem yang dapat memberi tahu pemilik rumah tentang gejala dini kebakaran. Selanjutnya, sistem pendeteksi kebakaran dini berbasis IoT dibangun dengan menggunakan bot WhatsApp untuk memberikan informasi. Metode prototipe digunakan untuk mengembangkan sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem deteksi kebakaran rumah yang menggunakan notifikasi WhatsApp berbasis IoT bekerja dengan baik dengan bagian yang digunakan. Sistem ini menggunakan sensor gas dan api untuk mendeteksi potensi kebakaran, dilengkapi dengan buzzer sebagai alarm suara dan fitur water pump untuk penanganan awal. Selain itu, sistem ini mengirimkan notifikasi otomatis melalui WhatsApp saat kondisi berbahaya terdeteksi.

Digital storytelling is an innovative approach to improving early childhood literacy by combining traditional storytelling with digital media. This paper examines the impact of digital storytelling on children’s reading, writing, and comprehension skills. Through the analysis of various digital storytelling platforms, the study demonstrates how interactive stories can engage young learners, enhance language acquisition, and foster a love for reading at an early age.

In Indonesia, sugar palm plants have high economic potential and are widespread in various regions, especially humid areas. The aim of this research is to determine the income of the palm sap management business in Sei Jernih village, Deli Serdang Regency. The research method used is field research with primary and secondary data collection. The research results show that the sap processing business in Sei Jernih Village generates quite a large income and the income cost ratio (R/C) shows that the business is feasible and profitable. Marketing is carried out through two channels: directly from farmers to consumers and through retailers/agents. The conclusion of this research is that the palm sap processing site in Sei Jernih village has good economic potential and is worthy of further management. This includes increased productivity, further training and education, and efficient business management. By implementing this proposal, it is hoped that the palm palm sap processing business can develop and provide further benefits to farmers and local communities.
 
 

This research presents an in-depth analysis of various types of English syllables, including closed, open, vowel-consonant-e, vowel team, r-controlled, and consonant-le syllables. Each type of syllable has unique characteristics that contribute to the structure and pronunciation of words in English. Closed syllables produce short vowel sounds due to the ending consonant, while open syllables result in long vowel sounds due to the ending vowel. Vowel-consonant-e syllables involve a vowel followed by a consonant and a silent 'e,' which lengthens the vowel sound. Vowel team syllables consist of two vowels that together produce a single vowel sound, while r-controlled syllables involve a vowel followed by the letter 'r,' which alters the vowel sound. Consonant-le syllables, typically found at the end of words, provide a distinctive rhythm and flow. This study demonstrates that a theoretical understanding of syllable types has significant implications for phonics instruction and language education. Phonics instruction based on syllable patterns can enhance reading fluency and spelling proficiency. The analysis also reveals phonological diversity in English, reflecting the language's adaptability and complexity. Understanding syllable structures also provides insights into how the brain processes language, which is crucial for developing effective language teaching strategies.

Epistemological obstacles are obstacles that cannot be avoided by students. There are many epistemological obstacles experienced by students in understanding scientific knowledge. In this case, students experience cognitive constraints in understanding a learning topic, such as Relations and Functions. The topic of Relations and Functions is one of the important topics for learning further topics. However, there are still students who cannot understand this topic perfectly due to various epistemological obstacles they experience. Therefore, this study aims to describe the epistemological obstacles on the topic of relation and function. This study was qualitative research with 22 junior high school students who have studied the topic of relation and function. The results of this study are in the form of epistemological obstacles experienced by students, namely obstacles to understanding the concepts of relations and functions, obstacles to understanding the concepts of relations and functions in different contexts, obstacles to determining the domain, codomain, and range, and obstacles to presenting relations and functions to various representations. This research is expected to be used as a reference by teachers to minimize the occurrence of epistemological obstacles in the learning process. In addition, one of the efforts that can be made by teachers and researchers to minimize epistemological obstacle is by making Didactical Design Research (DDR) that supports the development of student knowledge epistemically.
Hambatan epistemologis merupakan suatu hambatan yang tidak dapat dihindari oleh siswa. Terdapat banyak kendala epistemologis yang dialami oleh siswa dalam memahami pengetahuan ilmiah. Dalam hal ini, siswa mengalami kendala kognitif dalam memahami suatu materi pembelajaran, seperti Relasi dan Fungsi. Topic Relasi dan Fungsi merupakan salah satu topic penting untuk mempelajari topic-topic selanjutnya. Namun, masih terdapat siswa yang tidak dapat memahami topic ini dengan sempurna dikarenakan berbagai hambatan epistemologis yang dialaminya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hambatan epistemologis pada topic relasi dan fungsi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan subjek berupa 22 siswa sekolah menengah pertama yang telah mempelajari topic relasi dan fungsi. Hasil penelitian ini berupa hambatan-hambatan epistemologis yang dialami oleh siswa yaitu hambatan memahami konsep relasi dan fungsi, hambatan memahami konsep relasi dan fungsi pada konteks yang berbeda, hambatan menentukan domain, kodomain, dan range, serta hambatan menyajikan relasi dan fungsi ke berbagai representasi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi guru untuk meminimalkan terjadinya hambatan epistemologis dalam proses pembelajaran. Selain itu, salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru maupun peneliti untuk meminimalkan hambatan epistemologis yaitu dengan membuat Didactical Design Research (DDR) yang mendukung perkembangan pengetahuan siswa secara epistemic.

This research is clossroom action research (Classroom Action research) which aims to deretmine tha improvement in student learning outcomes in the informatics subject class X.1 SMA Negeri 14 Maros. The research subjects were students in class X.1 of SMA Negeri 14 Maros for the 2023/2024 academic year with a tital of 36 students. This research was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of 4 meetings. The results of this research show that the application of kahoot game-based media can increase student activity and learning outcomes in informatics subjects. Quatitative analysis shows that learning outcomes in the initial test were 33.33%, in cycle i there was an increase of 55.55% and then in cycle II it became 88.88%. This means that there is a significant increase in student learning outcomes.
 

Telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa pelatihan standardisasi pengelolaan laboratorium bagi pengelola laboratorium IPA di Kota Banda Aceh. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keahlian para pengelola laboratorium IPA (Fisika, Biologi, dan Kimia) jenjang SMA/SMK di Kota Banda Aceh. Materi pelatihan terdiri dari etika profesi laboran, penataan alat dan bahan laboratorium, teknik kerja di laboratorium, karakteristik laboratorium IPA, serta kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di laboratorium. Metode pelatihan terdiri dari ceramah, presentasi kelompok, diskusi, tanya jawab, serta pretest dan posttest untuk evaluasi. Kegiatan ini diselenggarakan selama empat hari, 31 Mei - 3 Juni 2022 di Cabang Dinas Pendidikan Wilayah Kota Banda Aceh dan Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa para peserta yang berjumlah 60 orang sangat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan. Para peserta berpartisipasi aktif dalam memanfaatkan diskusi selama pelatihan dan pada saat penutup tiap sesi pelatihan. Instrumen penilaian yang digunakan adalah empat puluh soal pilihan ganda dalam bentuk pretest dan posttest. Kegiatan pelatihan dianggap berhasil berdasarkan hasil pretest para peserta dengan nilai rata-rata 48 meningkat saat posttest menjadi 91. Melalui kegiatan pelatihan diharapkan para pengelola laboratorium IPA jenjang SMA/SMK di Kota Banda Aceh lebih kompeten dalam mengelola laboratorium sesuai standar yang telah ditetapkan secara nasional.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya Dinas Koperasi Industri Kecil, Menengah, dan Perdagangan (DKUKMPP) Kabupaten Solok dalam Mengembangkan Potensi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah.
Dalam penelitian ini metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah delapan (8) orang dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan upaya Dinas Koperasi, Industri Kecil dan Menengah dan Perdagangan (DKUKMPP) Kabupaten Solok dalam Mengembangkan Potensi Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah. pada tahun 2020-2021.
Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa upaya Dinas Koperasi Industri Kecil, Menengah, dan Perdagangan (DKUKMPP) Kabupaten Solok dalam mengembangkan UMKM sudah berjalan optimal. Strategi yang telah dirumuskan bahkan telah dilaksanakan seperti yang diharapkan. Namun demikian, usaha UMKM masih dihadapkan pada berbagai permasalahan yang menghambat pelaksanaan pengembangan usaha tersebut.
Hasil penelitian tahap awal menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan Dinas Koperasi Industri Kecil, Menengah, dan Perdagangan (DKUKMPP) Kabupaten Solok telah merumuskan formulasi strategi untuk memberdayakan dan mengembangkan UMKM melalui pelatihan, penyuluhan, dan kebijakan. Sedangkan pada tahap partisipatif, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat terhadap program atau kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Koperasi Industri Kecil, Menengah, dan Perdagangan (DKUKMPP) Kabupaten Solok cukup tinggi. Hal ini ditandai dengan animo dan partisipasi para pelaku UMKM besar dalam setiap pelatihan/penyuluhan yang diselenggarakan. Sedangkan fase emansipatoris menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan UMKM di Kabupaten Solok semakin berkembang.
 
 

Learning while playing, playing while learning is the principle of fun learning in PAUD. Early age at school is an effective age for developing various potentials that children have. This research is motivated by a problem, namely the application of the principle of playing while learning is still not optimal in developing multiple intelligences in early childhood. This study aims to stimulate children's brains in the long term, so that their memories are always filled with activities that give positive impressions and of course are fun for children, and to find out the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) teacher's feelings about the concept of playing while learning for early childhood. The purpose of playing is basically directed at developing children's multiple intelligences. The principle of playing while learning prioritizes playing activities rather than learning, meaning that learning activities in PAUD are more dominated by fun and exciting activities for children. The theoretical foundations in this study are: the concept of playing while learning, the notion of learning, the concept of PAUD learning, the concept of early childhood education. The approach method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that PAUD Dharma Bakti uses the method of playing while learning to increase the multiple intelligences of children. The conclusion of this study is that learning while playing is very effective to do. The theoretical foundations in this study are: the concept of playing while learning, the notion of learning, the concept of PAUD learning, the concept of early childhood education. The approach method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that PAUD Dharma Bakti uses the method of playing while learning to increase the multiple intelligences of children. The conclusion of this study is that learning while playing is very effective to do. The theoretical foundations in this study are: the concept of playing while learning, the notion of learning, the concept of PAUD learning, the concept of early childhood education. The approach method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that PAUD Dharma Bakti uses the method of playing while learning to increase the multiple intelligences of children. The conclusion of this study is that learning while playing is very effective to do.