The use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in agriculture is an effective way to improve soil fertility and overall crop productivity. Bacteria such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Azospirillum are able to extract nitrogen from the soil and convert it into a form that can be absorbed by plants, which is essential for the formation of protein, DNA, and RNA in plants. By utilizing the capabilities of these bacteria, the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers can be varied, thereby reducing the detrimental dampening effects on water quality and the environment. In addition, nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve water use efficiency and contribute to the health of aquatic ecosystems. The use of these bacteria has the potential to improve the results of a more thorough analysis with less cost and less environmental impact.

Global food demand continues to increase, but over-farming without considering environmental sustainability has led to land degradation. This can result in decreased crop yields. However, this problem can be solved by applying environmentally friendly farming methods using beneficial microbiomes that can improve soil health and increase crop productivity. This research aims to explore the role of the soil microbiome in enhancing crop productivity and crop resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses and supporting soil health, which enables the use of eco-agricultural approaches to solve these problems. This research utilizes the literature review technique, which involves analyzing, summarizing, evaluating and synthesizing documents from various references. This method aims to improve our understanding of how microorganisms promote plant growth in degraded soils. The results show that soil microbes improve soil quality and control plant diseases. Crop production on marginal lands can be sustainably increased with the use of the microbiome. In addition, the microbiome helps sustainable agriculture by reducing our dependence on synthetic chemicals, reducing environmental pollution and supporting food security worldwide, and supporting food security worldwide.
 

Soil microorganisms play an important role in increasing nutrient availability for maize plants through the processes of nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and humic acid production. These processes not only increase maize productivity but also reduce dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers, thus supporting agricultural sustainability. This study explores the benefits of microorganisms such as Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing nutrient uptake, protecting plants from environmental stress, and improving soil quality. Challenges in the application of microorganism technology include adaptation to diverse environmental conditions and low farmer adoption. However, advances in genomic technology and biotechnology open up opportunities to optimize the benefits of soil microorganisms. The implementation of this microorganism-based technology has the potential to support efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable maize farming.

Microorganisms are highly beneficial in sustainable agriculture as they are key components of the soil ecosystem and participate in various processes that enhance soil fertility, improve crop quality, and reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals. This study employs a meta-analysis or literature review method to examine previous research on the role of microorganisms in agriculture, specifically on how microorganisms play a critical role in sustainable farming. Most available studies rely on qualitative data or case studies, limiting the ability to conduct more in-depth quantitative analysis. The results indicate that waste processing into organic compost fertilizer is crucial. Applying organic farming methods improves crop quality while maintaining ecosystem balance.

Agricultural waste treatment is an organism that offers innovative solutions to reduce the negative environmental impact of waste while increasing agricultural productivity. By using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, wastes such as straw, manure, and coffee grounds can be effectively treated. This biological process accelerates the decomposition of organic matter into more benign substances and nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. In addition to improving soil fertility, the use of organic fertilizers also reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microbiology in agricultural waste transformation by examining its mechanisms, potentials, and challenges. The results of this study show that microorganism-based technologies contribute to more environmentally friendly practices and reinforce fundamental economic principles. Processing agricultural waste into organic fertilizer is a strategic step in realizing sector sustainability.

Agricultural microbiology plays an important role in supporting the sustainability of the agricultural sector, contributing to global food security. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae, have various roles in increasing soil fertility, controlling plant pathogens and supporting biodiversity. This research aims to explore the role of microbiology in supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture. Through observations of various applications of microorganisms in agriculture, it was found that microorganisms can function as biopesticides, biofertilizers and organic waste processors. The research results show that microorganisms are able to optimize agricultural yields, improve soil health, and reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals.

Soil fertility is an important element in agricultural sustainability, especially in supporting plant growth. One natural way to increase soil fertility is through Biological Nitrogen Fixation (FNB) by Rhizobium bacteria. These bacteria have a symbiotic relationship with legume plants, forming root nodules that convert atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that plants can absorb, such as ammonium (NH4+). The purpose of this article study is to determine the potential of Rhizobium bacteria in increasing and efficiency of nitrogen fixation which has an impact on soil fertility and increasing plant productivity. This study adopts a library research method or approach, which involves a series of systematic activities, starting from collecting data through various library sources, reading in depth, recording important information, to processing the research materials. The study results show that Rhizobium can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, increase soil fertility, and produce growth hormones that support nutrient absorption. These findings emphasize the important role of Rhizobium in supporting sustainable agriculture, especially in tropical regions where access to synthetic fertilizers is minimal.

Soil fertility is a key element in the sustainability of agricultural systems that support global food security. One important soil microorganism that plays a role in improving soil fertility is Rhizobium, a bacterium capable of biological nitrogen fixation through a symbiotic relationship with leguminosae plants. This bacterium not only contributes to increasing soil nitrogen availability by 30-50% but also helps reduce dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which has implications for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of Rhizobium is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as pH, salinity, and chemical pollutants, which can inhibit its symbiotic ability. Technological innovations, such as nano-based formulations and the development of superior strains, offer solutions to improve the efficiency of Rhizobium, but challenges such as high costs and lack of policy support remain. In addition, the widespread use of Rhizobium inoculants may disrupt the balance of the soil microbial ecosystem, requiring further research. Therefore, integration of technology, policy and farmer education is needed to optimally utilize the full potential of Rhizobium while mitigating environmental risks, to support a more sustainable agricultural system.

The use of fertilizer in plant cultivation is basically carried out to meet the availability of nutrients for plants in order to obtain optimal results. However, excessive use of fertilizer can actually have a negative impact on the ecosystem, such as environmental pollution and decreasing soil quality. The use of biofertilizer as a substitute for biological fertilizer is an alternative that can be used to reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizer is a biological fertilizer containing various live microorganisms which is used to increase plant productivity by improving the quality of soil fertility. One of the microbes that acts as a biofertilizer is the Bacillus sp. The purpose of this article is to find out how Bacillus sp. functions as a biological fertilizer that can increase soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Bacillus is a genus of bacteria that can be used as a biofertilizer because of its more varied antagonistic mechanisms and ability to produce endospores. The method used in this article is a meta-analysis or literature review method in several journals published online which are integrated with Google Scholar.

This research aims to explore the role of soil microorganisms in improving soil fertility and agricultural productivity to support sustainable agriculture. Using the literature review method, various scientific literatures were analyzed to identify the potential, challenges, and optimization strategies of microorganism technology. Microorganisms such as Nitrobacter, Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. play significant roles in nitrogen cycling, organic matter decomposition and plant pathogen control. In addition to naturally improving soil nutrition, these microorganisms also support agricultural efficiency by reducing dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides.  However, the adoption of this technology faces obstacles, such as farmers' lack of knowledge and limited access to quality products. Therefore, strategic steps are needed in the form of training programs, extension, and policy development to support the implementation of microorganism-based technologies. In the context of climate change, microorganisms also contribute to greenhouse gas mitigation and increase crop tolerance to abiotic stress. The results of this study emphasize the importance of microorganisms as a sustainable solution to the challenges of modern agriculture, as well as the need for collaboration between various parties to increase the capacity of farmers in implementing this technology.