Indonesian language plays a crucial role as both a national and state language, serving as a unifying tool for the nation, a national identity, and a means of communication in various aspects of life. This paper aims to explain the functions of Indonesian as a national and state language, as well as to identify its variations based on usage context, communication media, and fields of application. The research method employed is a literature review, analyzing various sources related to the functions and variations of the Indonesian language. The findings reveal that Indonesian has dual functions: as a symbol of national pride and an official state communication tool. Additionally, the variations of Indonesian are classified into formal, non-formal, and casual based on usage context; spoken and written based on communication media; and academic, legal, literary, journalistic, and advertising based on fields of application. The implication of this research is the importance of public understanding of the functions and variations of Indonesian to ensure its appropriate use in different contexts, thereby enhancing communication effectiveness and preserving Indonesian as a national identity.

This article discusses the linguistic structure of Indonesian with an emphasis on the importance of morphology as one of the main aspects in learning and understanding language. Morphology, as a branch of linguistics, studies the internal structure of words and the process of their formation through affixation, reduplication, and composition. This study aims to analyze the types of morphemes—including free, bound, derivational, and inflectional morphemes—and to understand the morphological process and grammatical classes in Indonesian systematically. Through this study, it is also explained how affixation (prefix, suffix, infix, and confix), reduplication in various forms, and compound word composition play a role in forming meaning. This study highlights the importance of morphology in language teaching, communication, and development, and emphasizes that understanding morphological structure will improve language skills accurately and effectively, both in formal and informal contexts, and strengthen the sense of familiarity and awareness of the richness of Indonesian.

This study aims to examine the implementation of digital marketing strategies that can increase the competitiveness of salt products from MSMEs in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach on one of the MSME salt actors in the coastal area. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation of digital promotional activities carried out by business actors. The results of the study indicate that the use of social media, marketplaces, and SEO techniques can increase product visibility and sales. In addition, obstacles were found in the form of limited digital literacy and price competition. This study suggests the importance of digital marketing training and mentoring so that MSMEs can develop sustainably in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the proper and correct use of Indonesian, focusing on syntactic and semantic aspects, as well as identifying language errors that are common among speakers. As the national language, Indonesian has a significant role in education, communication, and culture. However, there are still various challenges in its mastery and application, especially at the elementary school level. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation of written documents, interviews with language experts, and literature studies. The data obtained will be analyzed using a thematic approach to identify patterns of language errors and the factors that cause them. The results show that errors in language use often occur in syntactic structures, including phrases, clauses, and sentences, as well as in semantic aspects related to understanding meaning. Most of these errors are caused by a lack of understanding of grammar rules and weak language teaching at the primary school level. This study recommends strategies to improve the quality of Indonesian language learning through the development of more effective teaching methods, which are based on the analysis of language errors. It is hoped that the findings can contribute to the improvement of students' language competence as well as to the improvement of the quality of Indonesian language learning.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of Indonesian language rules and analyze phonological and morphological errors. Indonesian as the official language of the country is able to unite various ethnicities and cultures spread throughout the country. Teaching Indonesian does not only focus on language rules, but also provides a solid foundation for students to develop their communication skills. The method in this study uses the library research method or can be called library research. This method is used by collecting data by analyzing or reading a book, journal, document analysis, other literature studies to analyze things that are relevant to the topic being discussed. This method is used because it is to explore theories about how to apply phonology and morphology and how to analyze errors that occur in phonology and morphology. In this library research, the author collects data and studies it gradually and analyzes theories in books, journals, and other literature studies.

Fire is one of the serious threats to buildings, especially national vital objects such as Building B Administration Electric Company East Java. Evaluation of the fire protection system, which includes Portable Fire Extinguishers (APAR), hydrant systems, and Fire Alarm Systems (FAS), is important to ensure the readiness and suitability of the devices in dealing with potential fires. This study was conducted through direct observation and comparing the results with international safety standards such as NFPA 10, NFPA 14, and NFPA 72. The evaluation results showed that the level of suitability of APAR was 89%, the hydrant system 72.6%, and FAS 83.66%. Although most elements of the fire protection system have met the standards, improvements are needed, especially in hydrant accessibility, APAR maintenance, and the implementation of fire alarm simulations. This evaluation provides important input to improve operational security and safety at Building B Administration Electric Company East Java..

This study aims to analyze the potential of superior commodities in North Tapanuli Regency, especially pineapple commodities, using the Location Quotient (LQ) method. North Tapanuli Regency is known to have abundant agricultural resources, but not all of them have been optimized for export purposes. In this study, secondary data in the form of GRDP in 2024 from BPS was used as the basis for calculating LQ to identify the base sector. The results of the study showed that of several agricultural sub-sectors, pineapple fruit commodities had the highest LQ value of 7.89, which indicated that pineapple has a comparative advantage and is very potential to be developed as an export product. To support the development of this commodity, a SWOT analysis was conducted on two main processed products, namely pineapple dodol and pineapple chips. This analysis shows that pineapple is not only superior in terms of production quantity, but also has great potential to be developed into high value-added products. These findings provide an important contribution to the strategy for developing local commodities that are export-oriented and support sustainable regional economic development.
 

This research discusses the importance of talent management as a key element in improving employee performance and maintaining an organization's competitive advantage. Using a literature review approach, this research examines theory and empirical results that are relevant to understanding the impact of talent management on company productivity and competitiveness. The analysis results show that talent management makes a positive contribution to improving the quality of recruitment, employee retention and work productivity through training, career development and mentoring programs. Research also finds a significant relationship between talent management and the creation of unique organizational capabilities that are difficult for competitors to imitate.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang journaling therapy untuk meningkatkan self-compassion pada remaja di Panti Asuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari buku, jurnal, dan artikel ilmiah. Berdasarkan literature review, journaling therapy dapat meningkatkan self-compassion pada remaja. Melalui kegiatan mencatat pengalaman, perasaan, dan refleksi pribadi, remaja dapat mengembangkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang diri mereka dan mengurangi perasaan negatif. Oleh karena itu, penerapan Journaling Therapy di Panti Asuhan dapat membantu remaja untuk meningkatkan self-compassion.

The widespread use of smartphones has given rise to the phenomenon of phubbing, where individuals prioritize their devices over face-to-face interactions. The purpose of this study is to explore phubbing as a communication ethics challenge and its impact on emotional well-being in personal relationships. The method used in this study is a literature review involving national and international indexed journals obtained through Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center), Taylor & Francis, Springer, Elsevier with a span of 2017-2024. The findings of this study reveal that phubing can have a negative impact on interpersonal relationships and individual psychological well-being. This behavior can damage communication, reduce the quality of personal relationships, and trigger psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and feelings of loneliness. Therefore, interventions in guidance and counseling are needed to deal with phubbing more comprehensivel.