The Constitutional Court (MK) regarding the Election Law on the presidential and vice presidential nomination threshold. Since the presidential election was held directly, the issue of the threshold for nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates has always surfaced every time a presidential election is held. In 2004, for example, the presidential nomination threshold was 10 percent. This research is a juridical-normative research, namely a process to find legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. The data was analyzed descriptively-qualitatively.The results of this study indicate that the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/PUU-XVII/2020 concerning the presidential nomination threshold (Presidential Threshold) is one of the important decisions in the discourse of democracy in Indonesia. The following is an explanation of the Ratio Decidendi of the decision in relation to the concept of democracy: Constitutionality of the Presidential Threshold The Constitutional Court (MK) in its decision emphasized that the presidential threshold or presidential nomination threshold is constitutional. This means that the provisions regarding the threshold do not conflict with the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court is of the opinion that the presidential threshold is an open legal policy (Open Legal Policy) which is the authority of the lawmakers, namely the House of Representatives (DPR) and the President. The purpose of the Presidential Threshold, the Constitutional Court explained that the purpose of the presidential threshold is to simplify the party system and the presidential system, as well as to create government stability. The Ratio Decidendi of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 87/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 129/Puu-XXI/2023, Number 131/Puu-XXI 2023 concerning the Presidential Nomination Threshold is the Presidential Threshold is constitutional and does not conflict with the principles of democracy.

Tracer study of Surabaya State University has been conducted in each study program in order to fulfill accreditation needs. Instrument development is still carried out independently at the study program and faculty levels so that the disparity of instruments in each faculty is very high. This study will later aim to create an effective alumni tracing model in achieving a response rate. Because in several universities throughout Indonesia, a superior model has not been found and detailed properly. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The population in this study were graduates of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Surabaya who had obtained diplomas throughout 2022. The sample used was a saturated sample considering that this study aims to explore graduate data related to careers. The results showed that the response rate reached 100%, with more than 67.8% of graduates getting jobs in less than six months with an income of at least 1.2 times the UMP, exceeding the institution's target. This tracer study plays an important role in evaluating the quality of graduates and the relevance of education to the world of work. These findings provide a basis for improving the curriculum and quality of education at Universitas Negeri Surabaya.

Peneltiian ini berfokus pada transformasi kelompok bermain menuju Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Holistik Integratif (PAUD HI) di Indonesia, yang merupakan pendekatan komprehensif dalam mendukung perkembangan anak dengan mengintegrasikan aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, gizi, pengasuhan, dan perlindungan. Fenomena ini mencermintakn pergeseran paradigma dalam pengelolaan dan penyelenggaraan layanan PAUD di Indonesia, yang bertujuan untuk memastikan terpenuhinya hak-hak dasar anak. Melalui analisis bibliometrik, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tren penelitian, kontribusi teoretis, faktor-fakotr yang mempengaruhi transformasi, serta gap yang ada dalam literatur terkait. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan dalam jumlah penelitian terkait PAUD HI, dengan penekanan pada pentingnya kebijakan yang mendukung, kesadaran pemangku kepentingan, dan ketersediaan sumber daya. Meskipun demikian, terapat kekosongan penelitian dalam evaluasi jangka panjang dan pedoman praktis untuk implementasi PAUD HI. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan lebih mendalam dan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk mendukung pengambangan PAUD yang lebih holistik dan integratif di Indonesia.
 

Regional Taxes and Levies are one of the important sources of regional revenue to finance the implementation of Regional Government as regulated in NTT Provincial Regulation number 7 of 2020 concerning Fisheries Business License Levy. Regional Regulation of East Nusa Tenggara Province Number 7 of 2020 concerning Fisheries Business License Levy and Law No. 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments gives authority to the Central and Regional Governments to collect Taxes and Regional Levies as a source of local revenue. One of the sources of the APBD comes from the Fishery Business Permit Levy. This is closely related to the collection of fishery business licenses. This research is a normative-empirical legal research that uses primary data and secondary data collected using interview, observation, and documentation techniques and processed using editing, coding, verification, and interpretation techniques and analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study show that (1) The regulation of content material in NTT Provincial Regulation Number 7 of 2020 concerning Fisheries Business License Levy at Oeba Fish Market specifically related to the issuance of fishery business licenses and the collection of business license levies has been regulated in the NTT Provincial Regulation, the implementation strategy has not been implemented effectively. (2) Factors that hinder the regulation of East Nusa Tenggara Provincial Regulation Number 7 of 2020 concerning Fisheries Business License Levy and its implementation are legal factors and community legal awareness factors.

This study aims to analyze community participation in village development in T’eba Village and T’eba Timur Village, Biboki Tanpah Subdistrict, Timor Tengah Utara Regency, and to identify the factors that hinder it. Village development is one of the key elements in improving community welfare. However, low community participation poses a challenge that hampers the achievement of inclusive and sustainable development goals. T’eba Village exhibits a higher level of community participation compared to T’eba Timur Village, yet both face challenges that affect the success of their development. The research methodology employed is empirical juridical with socio-legal and conceptual approaches. Primary data were obtained through interviews, observations, and questionnaires, while secondary data were sourced from official documents and related literature. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative descriptive techniques to interpret the research findings. The results show that community participation in T’eba Village reached 82.61%, whereas in T’eba Timur Village, it was only 30.44%. This disparity is attributed to higher community awareness in T’eba Village and better support from the village government in engaging the community. Factors hindering community participation include educational disparities, a lack of awareness about the importance of village development, economic conditions prioritizing subsistence needs, and community perceptions of the effectiveness of the village government. For example, residents of T’eba Timur Village are less involved because they feel that development programs do not directly benefit their livelihoods, particularly in agriculture, which is their primary occupation. This study recommends enhancing community involvement through education, economic empowerment, and strengthening the capacity of village governments to create inclusive and transparent participatory mechanisms. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for coordination between the community and village governments to formulate development policies that are more responsive to local needs. With this approach, village development can become more relevant, sustainable, and impactful for the community.

An effective school payment system will trigger the performance of the agency to be better than before. Web-Based School Administration Payment System Application at SMPI Nurush Shodiqin, In the world of education, an efficient and integrated administration system is very important to maintain the smooth running of academic and management processes, including data management of students, teachers, and school management. Nurush Shodiqin Islamic Junior High School (SMPI), as one of the educational institutions in the region, experiences problems in administrative management. The administration system used is still manual, especially in terms of recording student data, recapitulating grades, and paying tuition fees. This causes various problems such as data input errors, loss of important records, and delays in delivering information to related parties. . Therefore, the implementation of a Web-based Administration System at SMPI Nurush Shodiqin is a relevant solution. This system is expected to be able to overcome existing problems and improve the quality of school administration services. With a web-based system, it is expected that the administration process can be carried out more quickly, accurately, and transparently.

This report is titled "Development of an Application System to Improve the Efficiency of Food Distribution in Nutritious Healthy Community Groups." This research aims to design and implement a technology-based application system that manages the food distribution process for healthy and nutritious community groups, especially for the elderly. The Healthy and Nutritious Community Group is an organization that is committed to providing and distributing nutritious food to the community. One of the main challenges faced by this organization is the lack of efficiency in the distribution process which is still carried out conventionally. This conventional practice often leads to delays in delivery as well as inaccuracies in the distribution of groceries. Data was collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews with the organization's managers as well as the couriers involved in the distribution process.

Collecting taxes is the main sources for countries to generate revenues to finance goverment expenditure and investments in human capital, infrastructure, and the provision of services for the society. Value added taxes (VAT) as one of collecting taxes process  to generate the government’s revenue. The  aim of this study is  to  find  out  the implementation of VAT collection at PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya as State-Owned Enterprises is a mandatory VAT collector according to Minister of Finance Decree Number.30/KMK.03/2021 with last amended by Minister of Finance Decree Number.240/KMK.03/2022  and also to find out the obstacles during the implementation of VAT collection at PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya. The method used in this study is a descriptive method. Data collection methods by using interview methods, literature study methods, and documentation methods. The results of this study finds that the PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya has carried out the collection and deposit of VAT procedure. However, there were obstacles when preparing and uploading tax invoices in which the failures or rejections occurred due to internet network disruptions

The advancement of information technology has driven the need for more effective and efficient attendance systems, especially for companies with a distributed workforce. PT. Asia Sinergi Solusindo faces challenges in managing employee attendance in real-time based on predefined work locations. This study aims to design a location-based attendance application system utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to ensure employees can only mark attendance at locations specified by the administrator. The system was developed using the *waterfall* software development methodology, encompassing requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The application was built on the Android platform with cloud-based database integration to centrally store attendance data. The results show that the system enhances attendance data accuracy, reduces fraud risks, and facilitates real-time employee attendance monitoring. Thus, this application is expected to provide an effective solution to support attendance management at PT. Asia Sinergi Solusindo.

Raudhatul Athfal Nurul Hidayah is a kindergarten located in Rawa Panjang, Bojong Gede, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. The use of technology in education is increasing, especially in terms of school administration such as tuition payments and new student registration. The online tuition payment and registration system is designed to facilitate the administration process for schools and parents of students. With this system, parents can make tuition payments and student registration online through an application or website, without having to come directly to the school. This study aims to develop and implement an efficient and user-friendly online tuition payment and registration system.The methods used include system design, collecting user needs data, and system testing. The results of the study show that this system can reduce the time and costs required in the payment and registration process, as well as increase data transparency and accuracy. This system also makes it easier for schools to manage financial data and student registration. Thus, the online tuition payment and registration system can be a practical solution in supporting the digitalization of school administration