This research is motivated by the phenomenon that attracted the attention of netizens due to the raising of the Red and White Flag which was raised together with the flag of the Palestinian state which was spread through twitter social media. Many of the platform users commented that the incident was not in accordance with the laws and regulations in Indonesia.  In collecting data, this study used quantitative methods by examining the subject population of high school and university students with a survey approach. This study shows the subject's attention to the treatment of his country's identity, namely the Indonesian national flag as a student. The obligation to defend the country in the form of respect for the Indonesian national flag should be instilled in every soul of the young generation of the Indonesian nation. State defense is not only an obligation but also for the sake of maintaining the continuity of the Indonesian nation as a Pancasila human being.

The tourism industry plays an important role in economic growth, both at the international and national levels. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global crisis that has hit the tourism sector around the world, including Indonesia. Restrictions on movement and mobility of people between regions, health concerns, and uncertainty have led to a drastic decline in tourism activity and the tourism sector has seen a significant drop in revenue. This has had a social impact, with many workers in the tourism sector losing their jobs or experiencing significant pay cuts. To recover the tourism sector, business innovation in the tourism sector can be done, including in terms of marketing and finding new markets. The government and tourism industry players work together to develop policies and strategies for sustainable tourism growth. This article discusses business innovation in tourism in Indonesia after the COVID-19 pandemic, especially regarding improving the attractiveness and experience of tourist visitors, as well as operational efficiency while supporting nature and animal conservation efforts at Taman Safari Indonesia in Bogor. The method used in this article is a literature study using qualitative data. The data used comes from journals, scientific papers, and news from several online news sources that have been published in advance, which represent several cases and situations of the tourism industry in Indonesia before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this research are several innovations including improving Virtual Experiences, developing Digital Applications and Platforms, Using "Contactless" Technology, focusing on natural attractions that encourage tourist interest and visits. These innovations can help tourism businesses in Indonesia overcome the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of tourist visits and tourism revenue. In addition, these business innovations can also help overcome the negative impacts and support the recovery of the tourism sector in Indonesia.

Horticulture can be interpreted as one of the agricultural subsectors that bridges the gap between production and consumption in Indonesian society. Horticultural commodities consist of vegetables, fruit, ornamental plants and medicinal plants. One of the horticultural commodities is mushrooms. Mushroom commodities have quite high consumption value in Indonesia. The demand for mushrooms continues to increase, but the availability of inputs is still inadequate and farmers still rely on marketing institutions, which is still an obstacle for mushroom entrepreneurs to meet consumer demand. Based on these problems, it is necessary to add mushroom cages so that the level of mushroom productivity continues to increase and an efficient marketing channel is needed so that all actors involved in the marketing channel can benefit each other. Research uses qualitative and quantitative methods. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. The analysis results from the business feasibility study can be run properly and inefficient marketing channels are found in channel 3.
 

This research aims to investigate the financial performance of a company by focusing on liquidity ratio analysis and market ratio analysis. Financial performance is a key indicator in evaluating the stability and financial efficiency of a company. Liquidity ratios and market ratios are used to measure the financial performance of PT Gudang Garam Tbk as a case study during the period 2021-2023. By analyzing liquidity ratios and market ratios, this research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the financial health and market valuation of PT Gudang Garam Tbk. The research findings explain that overall, PT Gudang Garam Tbk needs to focus on better liquidity management and strategic initiatives. Management should be proactive in analyzing the factors affecting the financial performance of the company and take necessary actions to improve the situation. With careful management and the right strategies, PT Gudang Garam Tbk is expected to improve its financial performance and maintain stability in the long term

In legislative negotiations, the position of the constitutional court is quite high. The constitutional court can change laws that conflict with the constitution by declaring that the law does not have binding legal force. And also the decision of the Constitutional Court is final and binding. So any decision of the constitutional court cannot be contested, even by the MKMK because the decision that has been determined is a permanent decision. So this journal was created to focus on the Constitutional Court decision No.90/PUU-XXI/2023 in the context of Protection of Citizens' Constitutional Rights and Human Rights. This research method is focused on the literature case study method and analysis of previous documents related to the title of this research. Because the Constitutional Court Decision No.90/PUU-XXI/2023 is a quite complex problem for people who do not agree with the decision and question whether the decision can be an effort to protect the constitutional rights of citizenship and human rights.

The research in this journal article aims to determine the application of letter management standards in increasing the effectiveness of letter management. Therefore, it is necessary to manage letters well and correctly so that the letters can be well organized and the process of returning letters can be carried out effectively and efficiently. It is hoped that effective mail management can be carried out by the relevant staff in managing mail, both for incoming and outgoing mail. So, in researching this journal article, it can be seen that the application of letter management standards in increasing management effectiveness, that the management of incoming mail is divided into six stages which are important to know, namely: receiving letters, sorting letters, directing letters, recording letters, distributing letters and storing letters. Meanwhile, for managing outgoing letters, there are also six stages which include: creating a letter concept, typing, editing, affixing a letter address, folding and enclosing the letter and distributing the letter. The implementation of management has gone quite well, and currently the system is being transferred to an electronic system.

This research aims to determine the impact of promotion and demotion mechanisms in teacher career development at SMA Labschool Unesa 1. This research uses a qualitative approach. The type of research used is interviews. The informant in this research was only one teacher. This research shows the mechanism of promotion and demotion in teacher career development at SMA Labschool Unesa 1. There are promotion and demotion indicators consisting of work performance, discipline, skills. Lastly, the demotion indicators consist of member incompetence, personal requests, and rationalization of numbers. The results of the discussion in this research are that in carrying out professional duties, teachers have the right to receive promotions in accordance with their duties and work performance, which includes promotion/increase in functional position. Furthermore, demotions are caused by the lack of performance of a teacher who is not good enough. Demoting a teacher does not happen directly, but there is a gradual evaluation, namely by evaluating several times with agreement with the other teachers. At SMA Labschool Unesa 1, there are no differences and there is a sense of family towards teachers who have just been demoted.

This research is aimed to find out about digital crime prevention in today's trough civic education. The method used in this research is a qualitative description of viewing data in moderation. The digital age presents a variety of ease and opportunities for society. But underneath it all, there is a dark side to be aware of, is a digital crime. Digital crime is against the laws of digital technology, such as online fraud, data theft, and hate speech. Citizenship education helps students understand the risks and dangers associated with digital crime, and it gives them the skills to protect themselves and actively participate in the digital world.Through citizen education, individuals gain a deeper understanding of their rights, obligations, honesty and responsibilities as responsible citizens when using digital technology and online ethics. With effective education, we can reduce the risk of digital crime and build a society to deal wisely with it.

Indonesian history records the important role of the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) in shaping culture and government systems. The VOC, a Dutch trading company, was dominant in the colonial era, controlling territory that is now part of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. In its influence, the VOC not only brought Western culture but also expanded corrupt practices in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative research methods with a focus on literature study. Data was obtained through analysis of primary and secondary sources, as well as interviews with historians. This approach allows for an in-depth understanding of VOC culture and the impact of the corruption it initiated. Corruption started by the VOC is still a continuing problem in Indonesia because it has affected culture, social structure and government. Efforts to overcome this problem require hard and consistent work from the government and society. The VOC's influence not only introduced corruption during the colonial period, but also left a lasting legacy that influences Indonesia to this day. This corruption has become integrated into the culture and system of government, requiring continued efforts to overcome its impacts.

In the modern era of education, the focus of learning has shifted from teacher orientation to student orientation. As educators, it is important to design learning methods that are in accordance with technological developments. Today, learning that is too teacher-centered and theoretical tends to reduce student interest. Therefore, the use of audio-visual media such as learning videos can increase student engagement, provide deep meaning, and arouse high enthusiasm for learning. This study aims to 1) explain the level of student enthusiasm when using audio-visual learning media, and 2) evaluate the impact and interest of students on audio-visual based learning media in the learning process. This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ibn Aqil Pekanbaru. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that uses data collection methods in the form of direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. Research findings show that lecture-dominated learning tends to make learners lose interest and focus on themselves. The results of the study showed that 1) when students were introduced to the use of audio-visual media such as learning videos, most of them felt very enthusiastic and excited in following the learning process, while only one student showed less interest. 2) Thus, it can be concluded that the use of audio-visual learning media can increase student enthusiasm at the elementary school level.