Consumer disputes may be resolved by non-litigation or litigation, with the latter being reserved for extreme cases. Companies are obligated to pay customers' compensation claims. The parties to a dispute should not be unfairly treated when the burden of evidence is not evenly distributed. In order to avoid an unfair burden of evidence mistakes that hurt other parties, the burden of proof has to be examined case by case. Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection specifies the burden of evidence in Article 28. When it comes to enforcing the law in Indonesia, doctrines are accepted sources of law from outside the country. An interesting topic for debate is the regulation and use of the res ipsa loquitur doctrine in consumer dispute resolution in Indonesia. This method has a normative legal bent. The Consumer Protection Law does not explicitly govern the res ipsa loquitur notion, even though it is acknowledged in Indonesian consumer dispute settlement. Applying res ipsa loquitur to consumer disputes may help ensure fairness, which is in line with the Consumer Protection Law's established reverse burden of proof.
 

This research explains the consequences of divorce according to the laws of the Dayak traditional community in Central Kalimantan province. The research method used is normative using primary and secondary legal materials. Customary law is one of the laws recognized in Indonesia. Customary law in Central Kalimantan is implemented by the existence of Dayak traditional institutions in Central Kalimantan which have been outlined in Central Kalimantan Province Regional Regulation No. 16 of 2008 and Central Kalimantan Governor Regulation no. 13 of 2009 concerning Dayak Traditional Institutions in Central Kalimantan. It is clear that customary law is a separate legal system so that it is different from other legal systems. The results of this research show that the consequences of divorce carried out by the Dayak traditional community are not only regulated by positive law in force in Indonesia, namely Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, but are also regulated by Dayak customary law based on Regional Regulations. Kalimantan Province Regional Regulations. 16 of 2008 concerning Dayak Traditional Institutions in Central Kalimantan, there are Dayak customary punishments and marriage agreements carried out by parties from the Dayak traditional community.

The debate regarding Omnibus Law as the main means for structuring legal regulations in Indonesia attracted a lot of public attention when the Omnibus Law method, which was previously little known in Indonesia as a country that adheres to the Continental European legal system, was used in the preparation of draft laws (RUU). How does the constitutional transition to the establishment of an omnibus law on copyright work in a democratic country? How do we review the constitutionality of the implementation of the Omnibus Law and the copyright mechanism in the formation of statutory regulations? This research uses the concept of normative descriptive research, or what can be called normative juridical research. With this method, law is interpreted as what is written in legislation (law in a book), or law is interpreted as a legal rule, which is a standard for appropriate behavior. The Omnibus Law method practiced in the common law system is interpreted as a (new) law that regulates various kinds of regulations to simplify the various laws that are still in force. Constitutionally, the legal position of the omnibus law concept has not been regulated in the legal system or in the laws and regulations in Indonesia. Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, which was formed using the Omnibus method, is considered to be constitutionally contradictory because it does not have clear objectives and formulation, both in terms of the standard of formation, the systematics of its creation, and the process of changing its substance.

This research discusses the application of mathematics in economics, specifically in Real Number Systems and Inequalities, which play an important role in various fields such as science, engineering, and economics. The real number system includes rational and irrational numbers, which are used for continuous quantities. On the other hand, inequalities provide the foundation for analyzing mathematical relationships in various contexts. The objective of this study is to understand the properties of real numbers and their applications in solving everyday problems, as well as to explore the solutions to inequalities through graphical and analytical approaches. The methods used involve literature review and theory on practical cases, such as optimization and function modeling. The research findings indicate that the concepts of real numbers and inequalities can facilitate decision-making under certain conditions.

Harapan Baru is a crab procurement business that serves as a critical link between fishermen and pond farmers. Crabs, as the primary commodity, are subject to significant price fluctuations and quality variations. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability of Harapan Baru's operations by analyzing costs, revenue, and profitability. Employing a critical incident technique, the research found that the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) inventory management method and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model significantly enhance operational efficiency. By ensuring timely inventory turnover and optimizing order quantities, these methods mitigate risks associated with demand variability, climate change, and operational challenges. Moreover, the study underscores the essential role of mangrove ecosystems in sustaining crab populations and the economic benefits derived from this natural resource. The integration of technology and SWOT analysis highlights the potential for Harapan Baru to enhance its competitive advantage and contribute to the long-term sustainability of the fisheries industry.

Hospitals as health service institutions have a strategic role in providing quality services to the community. Fulfilling the accreditation standards set by the Ministry of Health is an inevitable effort to ensure that the services provided by hospitals meet high criteria. In facing the era of development of health science and technology, it is important for hospital employees to not only understand, but also be able to implement health promotion concepts in accordance with the latest accreditation standards.

Excessive gadget use among children in the digital era causes various negative impacts, such as motor development disorders, immune system issues, and reduced social interaction. The community service program at Kampung Lali Gadget (KLG), located in Dusun Bendet, Pagerngumbuk Village, Sidoarjo, aims to reduce children's gadget dependency through a traditional games-based approach and learning by game. The method employed is Participatory Action Research (PAR), involving the community in every stage, from needs identification to evaluation. The results demonstrated positive impacts, including increased social interaction among children, reduced screen time, and heightened awareness of gadget-related risks among parents. Additionally, the program fostered new community structures, such as mentoring groups and local leadership, to support its sustainability. This approach proves that integrating traditional games with innovative learning concepts can effectively address gadget dependency while promoting sustainable social transformation.

This research aims to design and simulate a DC motor speed control system using integral state feedback (KISF) control. This control is designed to maintain DC motor speed stability with high accuracy despite disturbances or load changes. The research stages include mathematical modeling of the DC motor, PID control design, integral state feedback control design, simulation implementation and simulation results analysis. The show that althought integral state feedback control has a rise time 273.501 ms, slightly slower than PID 197.604 ms, integral state feedback compensates with higher slew rate of change 6.540 V/ms compared to PID
4.344 V/ms. Integral state feedback offers greater
flexibility through pole placement values with Ackerman’s formula J3 = [-12 -100 -600], indicating that this system has good capability in responding to input changes, thus maintaining motor speed stably and efficiently. This indicates that integral state feedback control is superior in system adaptation and handling complex dynamics.

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder resulting from impaired blood clotting. This disorder can be caused by coagulation factor abnormalities due to a deficiency of clotting factors, including vitamin K. A lack of vitamin K disrupts the coagulation process, increasing the tendency for bleeding. This article aims to determine whether there is an influence of vitamin K levels on the blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients. Searching any information needed by analyzing kinds of papers of recent research from the year of 2014 until 2024. Online databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate  are utilized by inserting relevant keywords, such as hemophilia, blood clotting factors, vitamin K deficiency and extraction. From 10 articles reviewed, a relationship was identified between vitamin K levels and blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients. Individuals with severe hemophilia experience bleeding episodes characterized by delayed onset, as well as bleeding into muscles, joints, and other internal structures, including the brain. Hemophilia is typically diagnosed through the identification of low or absent levels of FVIII:C or FIX:C. The genes encoding FVIII and FIX are located on the long arm of the X chromosome. Hemophilia A and B are the only hereditary clotting disorders inherited in a sex-linked recessive pattern. Vitamin K levels can influence the blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients, particularly those factors synthesized artificially.

The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted Indonesia, leading to substantial socio-economic disruptions and widespread social anxiety. In response, the government implemented a range of measures, including restrictions and mandatory health protocols, to control the virus. Although the pandemic is officially declared over, the risk of infection remains. Therefore, continued adherence to health protocols is essential. This study aimed to identify the key factors driving public compliance with health protocols in the post-pandemic period within Indonesia, providing valuable insights for policymakers to prevent future outbreaks. The findings revealed that knowledge emerged as the most significant determinant of community adherence to ongoing health protocol implementation. Consequently, the government must consistently emphasize the importance of adhering to health protocols whenever individuals are outside their homes.