Sexual Violence against children is a serious problem that requires in-depth attention in the context of legal protection of victim. In the case of Herry Wirawan, involving 13 (thirteen) victims of sexual assault in Bandung, has raised controversy over the reimbursement charged to the state. In it’s ruling, the chamber of Judges of PN Bandung sentenced Herry Wirawan to life sentence and ordered the payment of restitution to the victims. However, there are questions about the legality of the payment of restitution, especially since the perpetrators have been sentenced to life imprisonment, which is incompatible with Article 67 2023 of the Covenant. This study uses a normative approach to analyze this problem, focusing one the case of Herry Wirawan. The result showed a gap between the legal process and the victim’s need to obtain adequate compensation for the suffering they suffered. In addition, there are problems related to the minimality of the claim for restitution made by the victim and the implementation of restitution that is not always smooth. Implementation of restitution in legal practice still faces a minimum victim awareness and understanding of their rights as well as the perpetrator’s ability to pay restitution. The study highlights the need to raise victim awareness, improve law enforcement mechanism, and provide adequate support service. In addition, recommendations for improvement of relevant policy or legal practice are also identified. It is hoped that this research can contribute to understanding the complexity of the restitution process in cases of sexual violence in Indonesia and provide a basis for improving legal protection for victims.

The defence and security of the Indonesian state is a very crucial thing in the practice of the state so that it requires a component of citizens to participate in efforts to maintain state security in addition to the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police (Polri), the Supporting Component is needed in efforts to defend and secure the state but in practice the community thinks that it is contrary to Human Rights (HAM). The purpose of this study is to carefully examine and analyse the Establishment of the Reserve Component as a State Supporting Defence Viewed from a Human Rights Perspective. The legal research method used is normative juridical legal research method by conducting research on library materials and using a statute approach. The results of the research are that in the Indonesian constitution, the rights and obligations to defend the country by citizens have been regulated through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 3 of 2023 concerning State Defence, Law No. 23 of 2019 concerning Management of National Resources for State Defence, as well as the embodiment of patriotism in the state that can be carried out by a citizen who is then made by the Indonesian Government a state defence system in order to support national defence, namely by implementing a Reserve Component system stipulated in the PSDN Law and the formation of the Reserve Component is not an element of coercion or a form of human rights violation.

The Constitutional Court is a judicial institution in Indonesia which was established on August 13, 2003. The Constitutional Court has the authority regulated in article 24C of the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court which was later updated to Law Number 8 of 2011. The Constitutional Court has a principle in making a decision on the material test of the law against the Constitution, which applies to everyone, final, independent and impartial. The Constitutional Court's (MK) decision regarding the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates (presidential and vice presidential candidates) in Case Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 continues to reap pros and cons. In the decision, the Constitutional Court granted part of the application that tested Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. This study aims to identify and analyze disputes over the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the material test of article 169 letter q of Law number 7 of 2017 concerning general elections in terms of juridical aspects. The research method used is a literature study of the Constitutional Court decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 with a focus on normative legal analysis. The results of the study show that the Constitutional Court's decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 is formally inconsistent with Law Number 49 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power and Constitutional Court Regulation No. 2/PMK/2021.

This research analyzes the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 14 of 2023 concerning Carbon Trading through the Carbon Exchange, particularly related to the implementation of the principle of efficiency in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The methodology employed is normative research with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, along with the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials through literature study and syllogistic methods. The findings indicate that the principles of good legislative regulation and the principle of legality have not been optimally implemented, hindering the efficiency of carbon trading. Identified obstacles include the type, hierarchy, and substance of the regulation, the institutional framework governing carbon trading, and contradictions within the regulation. The research recommends that carbon trading be regulated under a specific law with a dedicated body focusing on this issue, along with adherence to the principles of good legislative formation. The author advises the government, through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Financial Services Authority, to review carbon trading regulations, optimize the authority of the governing body, and ensure that the principle of efficiency is fulfilled.
 
 

Sexual harassment is a serious issue affecting individual well-being and societal integrity. Although Indonesia has implemented various policies to protect victims of sexual harassment, their effectiveness in safeguarding victims and enforcing the law remains a primary concern, as challenges in implementation often hinder the achievement of effective protection goals. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia, analyze the challenges faced in implementation, and provide recommendations for improvement. The research employs a normative legal method with a document analysis approach. Data were collected through literature review, analysis of legislation, policy documents, and relevant case studies. Qualitative analysis was conducted to assess the successes and weaknesses of the protection policies. The study shows that, despite an adequate legal framework, the effectiveness of sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia is limited by several factors. Major challenges include inconsistent law enforcement, lack of socialization and education, social stigma preventing victims from reporting, and resource limitations. Case studies indicate that many sexual harassment cases are not taken seriously, whether in the workplace, educational institutions, or domestic contexts. Sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia require significant improvements in socialization, law enforcement training, and resource enhancement. Reforms in reporting procedures and law enforcement are also needed to increase the effectiveness of protection and ensure justice for victims. Better collaboration between the government, non-governmental organizations, and the community is necessary to create a more comprehensive and responsive protection system.

This research examines the influence of habitus on the lifestyle and social identity of Jakarta State University students through Pierre Bourdieu's perspective. Habitus, as a set of internal dispositions resulting from interactions with social structures, plays an important role in shaping individuals' mindsets, values and preferences. This research focuses on how factors such as socio-economic background, family education, friendship experiences, and interactions with peers and lecturers influence the formation of students' habitus. Furthermore, it explores how habitus influences lifestyles, including consumption patterns and cultural preferences, as well as social identities that shape students' self-perceptions within the context of a particular social group. Through a qualitative approach, this study aims to understand the relationship between habitus, lifestyle, and social identity of students, as well as the implications of these findings for the development of educational policies in the campus environment.

The textile industry is one of the 10 leading industrial product commodities in Indonesia. This makes the textile industry play an important role in Indonesia, because the textile industry can create jobs, and play a role in meeting clothing needs, and contribute to Indonesia's foreign exchange, as well as encouraging economic growth. Indonesia is a country with an integrated textile industry. Integrated industry involves upstream to downstream industries in producing final products, which include fibers and yarns, fabrics and garments. Indonesia is in seventh place in world exporters of textile products with a contribution of 2.5%. The Indonesian textile industry has quite a lot of internal factors that have the potential to influence competitiveness and need to be resolved immediately effectively and efficiently.

Penelitian ini membahas makna dan konteks penggunaan tiga istilah dalam Al-Qur'an yang merujuk pada perempuan, yaitu imra'ah, zauj, dan nis?', khususnya dalam peran sebagai istri. Dengan pendekatan al-fur?q al-lughawiyyah, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi perbedaan semantik konseptual dan kontekstual dari istilah-istilah tersebut. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan istilah ini tidak hanya berdasarkan makna literal, tetapi juga mencerminkan hubungan sosial, emosional, dan spiritual dalam konteks tertentu. Kata imra'ah sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan hubungan yang tidak harmonis, baik dalam aspek keimanan, pemikiran, atau peran, seperti pada istri Nabi Nuh dan Nabi Luth. Namun, istilah ini juga merujuk pada istri yang seiman tetapi menghadapi hambatan tertentu, seperti istri Nabi Zakaria dan Nabi Ibrahim. Sebaliknya, kata zauj digunakan untuk pasangan yang memiliki keserasian dan keselarasan, seperti pada Nabi Adam dan istrinya. Adapun nis?' digunakan dalam konteks kolektif atau hubungan yang menyiratkan keharmonisan, seperti dalam QS. Al-Baqarah 2:187, tetapi juga mengandung tanggung jawab besar, seperti pada istri-istri Nabi (QS. Al-Ahzab 33:30). Penelitian ini menegaskan fleksibilitas dan kedalaman bahasa Al-Qur'an dalam menggambarkan peran perempuan, sekaligus memberikan kontribusi signifikan pada kajian linguistik dan gender dalam Islam.

Penelitian ini membahas kewajiban nafkah dalam hukum perkawinan Islam melalui kajian penafsiran Surah An-Nisa ayat 34. Ayat tersebut menekankan tanggung jawab suami sebagai pemimpin(qawwam) dan kewajibannya memenuhi kebutuhan material maupun emosional isttri dan anak. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan merujuk pada tafsir klasik seperti Ibn Katsir dan At-Thabari, sedangkan tafsir kontemporer seperti Quraish Shihab. Analisis juga mencakup tinjauan normatif-sosiologis untuk mengaitkan tafsir dengan praktik hukum dalam masyarakat modern. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kewajiban nafkah tidak hanya terkait aspek finansial, tetapi juga mencerminkan tanggung jawab moral dan sosial. Pemahaman kontekstual terhadap ayat ini memberikan dasar bagi penerapan hukum Islam yang fleksibel dan relevan dengan perubahan sosial.

This study examines the impact of nationality on civil legal status in mixed marriages, particularly in Indonesia and several other countries. Mixed marriages, involving two individuals of different nationalities, often present complex legal issues, especially concerning property ownership, inheritance rights, and the nationality of children. In Indonesia, foreign nationals face various restrictions regarding land and property ownership, and there are temporary provisions for dual nationality for children born from mixed marriages. In a global context, differences between countries following jus soli and jus sanguinis principles also affect the status of children and inheritance rights. This research uses a comparative approach by analyzing civil law regulations in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. The findings show that Indonesia’s civil law system requires reforms to be more accommodating to the globalization phenomenon and the increasing number of cross-national marriages. Recommendations include harmonizing national regulations with international law, implementing more flexible dual nationality policies, and strengthening protections for the rights of mixed couples in property ownership and inheritance.