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In understanding foreign language texts, there are several challenges faced by young learners. The transformation of the learning system into online increasingly adds new problems for them. Students' motivation in online learning is relatively low, while the acquisition of foreign language reading comprehension demands great motivation (Fareh, 2010). Authentic text can be a solution to this problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to test its effectiveness in improving young students' reading comprehension in online classes and to examine their perceptions of teaching reading comprehension using authentic texts in online classes. This research is a quasi-experimental research with one group pre-test post-test design. The data generated is quantitative data in the form of student learning outcomes and reading interest questionnaires. The results showed that the use of authentic texts was proven to be effective in resolving new conflicts that arose in the online foreign language reading comprehension class. In addition, students' perceptions of the use of authentic texts are also good. However, the role of teachers and students is needed in its implementation

This study examines pitch variations in English sentences spoken by two non-native children from Ethiopia and Somalia, using. The research focuses on declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentence types, analyzing pitch frequency across these sentence forms. The participants were a 5-year-old Ethiopian boy and a 9-year-old Somalian boy, were recorded, and their pitch data were analyzed for beginning, highest, lowest, and final frequencies. The results indicate that the Somalian boy exhibited greater pitch variation, particularly in declarative sentences, while the Ethiopian boy demonstrated more consistency. In imperative sentences, the Ethiopian boy showed slightly wider variation, while in interrogative sentences, the Somalian boy ended with a higher pitch. The differences in pitch usage suggest influences from age, language background, and individual speaking habits. This research contributes to understanding pitch use in young multilingual English learners and their linguistic development.

The objective of the research was to describe tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction at Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The research questions in this research was they were what were tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction. Setting of this research were Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The qualitative approach in descriptive qualitative research design was used in this research because the data was in the form of words rather than the number. The data were collected by means of the observation and interviews. Then the data were analyzed by using transcribing and analyzing. The result of this research show, there were found 31 data; (1) 15 tag codes switching, and (2) 16 intersentential codes switching.

The objective of this study is to assess the influence of utilizing flashcards on vocabulary mastery among sixth-grade students at SDN 1 CISANGU. The research methodology employed was a pre-experimental design involving a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample size consisted of one class comprising a total of 26 students. The data for this study were derived from the pretest and posttest results, which were conducted in the format of written tests. The data analysis process involved utilizing the t-test formula. The results of this study for the t-test obtained t arithmetic t table or 5,956 >1,708 then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of flashcard media on the vocabulary mastery of sixth-grade students of SD Negeri 1 Cisangu. The N-gain test with a result of 0.68 is in the medium category, which means that the utilization of the use of flashcard media is influenced by vocabulary mastery.

This research investigates educators' ability to identify young children's learning preferences to facilitate personalized learning in early childhood education. Through this study, we explore the extent to which educators can recognize diverse learning styles and implement learning strategies that suit children's individual needs. This case study focuses on the implementation of an independent curriculum at Unesa 1 Labschool Kindergarten as a framework for analyzing educators' efforts to support differentiated learning for each child.

The advancement of the era has witnessed unparalleled upheaval in the dissemination of data worldwide. This mechanical progress has infiltrated every aspect of human relations. One field impacted by this digital transformation is education. This article aims to understand the importance of data innovation in civic education, which can provide tremendous benefits in shaping a younger generation informed about civic education. In this study, we employ a literature review method to investigate phenomena related to Civic Education Transformation. We meticulously gather and analyze various sources, including books,  scholarly journals, and other publications relevant to our topic. The transformation of civic education in the digital era is an adaptive and innovative process responsive to the development of information technology. Digitalization has significant impacts on civic education,  both positively and negatively. On one hand, digitalization enables broader and faster access to information, allowing students to access various sources of civic education information. With this digitalization, students can easily search for information, thus enhancing efficiency in learning activities. However, this digital era is not without challenges that must be addressed. To address these challenges, it is essential to implement civic education values expected to realize Indonesia's educational vision in creating the profile of  Pancasila learners.