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This research deconstructs the manipulative architecture in the propaganda trilogy of the Japanese Army in 1942, namely Nippon Tjahaja Asia, Nippon Pelindoeng Asia, and Nippon Leader Asia, which have often been reduced to mere political euphemisms. With a descriptive-qualitative design, this study integrates Malcolm Coulthard and Alison Johnson's parameter-based Forensic Linguistics as the grand theory, as well as the three-dimensional model of Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) as an operational analysis instrument. The results of the analysis show that lexical manipulation through the messianic triptych "Light, Protector, Leader" and the use of assertive clauses without copula are engineered to produce false consciousness. Forensic Linguistic Parameters confirm the existence of a planned mens rea (malicious intent) from Sendenbu, with an extreme disparity between commissive speech in the form of a promise of protection and military actus reus in the form of romusha slavery and logistical seizure. This condition fulfills the elements of mass deception. Furthermore, the doctrinal repetition of the slogan is a form of linguistic coercion that exploits power asymmetry to castrate the people's critical reasoning. In conclusion, the invasion of Japanese fascism in Indonesia did not only take place through military equations, but also through a cognitive dictatorship based on language fabrication. This study is relevant as a historical mirror for detecting the anatomy of structural lies in the contemporary post-truth era.

This study aims to examine the forms and functions of representative speech acts in educational-themed video podcasts published on the Kampus Merdeka YouTube channel. This research is grounded in the phenomenon of social media, particularly YouTube, as a means of interactive, participatory communication and learning. In this context, the language used is key to conveying information authentically and responsibly. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through listening and note-taking. The research data consists of utterances containing representative speech acts, such as explaining, stating, informing, mentioning, acknowledging, giving examples, and speculating. Analysis was carried out using the matching method to identify the meaning and function of the utterances based on their context. The results show that representative speech acts play an important role in conveying information and views objectively, as well as strengthening the credibility of the source in the educational context. Through representative speech acts, the message conveyed becomes clearer, more convincing, and more relevant to the topic of discussion. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of effective communication strategies in educational digital media and serve as a reference for educational content creators in the digital era

The research conducted this time aims to analyze both directive and expressive speech acts in the drama script 'Ayahku Pulang' by Usmar Ismail. The background factor of this research is to investigate the relationship between the dialogues of the characters in the drama script and the concepts of directive speech acts and expressive speech acts in the process of social interaction. The purpose of this research is to significantly contribute to the field of pragmatics and speech acts, to find out the frequency of the existence of directive and expressive speech acts in the drama script, and to provide references and new data analysis in pragmatics. The research was conducted by referring to a qualitative descriptive approach and a theoretical approach using a pragmatic approach. The data collection process was conducted using the listening and note-taking methods, and subsequent data analysis employed the distribution method. Based on the analysis carried out, data were obtained for 28 directive speech acts and 31 expressive speech acts, which will then be classified in more detail according to their types. It is hoped that this research will be beneficial both from a scientific and societal perspective, enriching the literature on pragmatic studies, helping to improve public understanding of speech acts, and raising awareness of the importance of analyzing drama scripts as a representation of everyday social interactions in society.

In conveying messages, speakers use utterances. Utterances are forms of speech that contain various communicative functions according to the context and purpose of communication. Speech acts are the main element in verbal interactions that reflect social actions in the form of speech. Speech acts are actions manifested in the form of speech that have a special meaning. One type of speech act is the illocutionary speech act. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts in negotiation texts in the revised edition of Indonesian language books. This research method uses qualitative descriptions and pragmatic analysis. Data collection in this study uses reading and note-taking techniques and purposive sampling. Based on the data analysis, the author has identified 171 illocutionary speech acts, including assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. Based on the research, the author found that assertive, directive, and expressive speech acts predominate. Commissive speech acts numbered twenty-seven, and declarative speech acts numbered the least, namely seven. This research is expected to provide students with an understanding of the types of illocutionary speech acts, enhance their knowledge, and enable them to use them effectively and correctly.

This research aims to describe the forms and functions of representative speech acts found in the YouTube video “The Basic Concept of Understanding Humans” by Cania Citta. The study arises from the phenomenon of digital communication, which demonstrates a shift in speech patterns from merely delivering information to constructing intellectual discourse that is both reflective and argumentative. A descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach was employed. The data, consisting of representative utterances, were collected through observation and note-taking techniques on video transcripts, then analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, which involves data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the dominant representative speech acts include stating, explaining, reporting, concluding, and speculating. Each utterance functions not only to convey information but also to build rational argumentation and foster critical awareness among audiences regarding the concept of humanity. Illocutionarily, these utterances perform informative, argumentative, and reflective functions, emphasizing the speaker’s epistemic responsibility toward the truth of the propositions delivered. The perlocutionary effects include an increased interest and heightened critical awareness among audiences concerning philosophical issues about human nature. This study contributes to the development of pragmatic studies, particularly in understanding the role of language as an instrument of knowledge and persuasion in digital media.

Language serves as the most effective means of communication in everyday life, including within the context of early childhood education. One of the linguistic fields that examines language use is pragmatics, and one of its key focuses is directive speech acts, which function to guide interlocutors in performing specific actions. This study aims to describe the forms of directive speech acts found on the YouTube platform Kinderflix, which features educational videos for early childhood learners. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through observation and note-taking techniques, and analyzed using the distributional method. The findings reveal three types of directive speech acts, namely questions, commands, and requests. The results contribute to enriching the study of pragmatics, particularly in the area of directive speech acts. Furthermore, this research is expected to serve as a reference for content creators to pay closer attention to linguistic aspects in producing educational materials for early childhood. It is also hoped that this study can be further developed and serve as a useful foundation for future research.

Pragmatics not only highlights language structure, but also the speaker's purpose and intention in a communication event. This study on representative and directive speech acts in the “Belajar Jadi MC” playlist on Maya Rachma's YouTube channel is important because social media, especially YouTube, has developed into an influential public space that shapes people's perspectives. This scientific article uses a theoretical approach in the form of a pragmatic approach and a methodological approach, namely a qualitative descriptive approach.  The techniques used by the researcher were the Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SBLC) technique and the note-taking technique. These two techniques were used because the author did not interact directly but only listened and took notes from existing data. The results of the study found 8 types of representative speech acts and 4 types of directive speech acts. There were 65 representative speech acts, including 9 informative speech acts, 12 suggestive speech acts, 13 mentioning speech acts, 9 stating speech acts, 6 exemplifying speech acts, 9 explaining speech acts, 4 showing speech acts, and 3 speculating speech acts. Meanwhile, there were 33 instances of directive speech acts, including 9 requests, 7 invitations, 8 commands, and 9 orders. The author hopes that this research can be used as a reference for further studies on representative and directive speech acts and increase knowledge and insight in the field of pragmatics, especially in the study of representative and directive speech acts.  

Speech acts are actions or processes performed by speakers to convey messages and information to their interlocutors using language as a medium. This study examines one type of speech act, namely expressive speech acts. This study aims to classify and identify the types of expressive speech acts in episodes 1 to 5 of the Academy of Champions, a program from the Ruangguru educational competition, which was uploaded to YouTube. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a pragmatic approach. Data were collected using the free listening and note-taking techniques, as the researcher was not directly involved in the event. Data analysis was conducted using the pragmatic matching technique, in which the speaker and interlocutor served as the primary tools for interpretation. The data are presented formally in tables and informally in narratives. The results of the study on expressive speech acts in the educational competency program in the Academy of Champions by Ruangguru video found 198 expressive speech acts consisting of 10 types, namely saying thank you (28 utterances), congratulating (7 utterances), blaming (6 utterances), praising (71 utterances), belittling (11 utterances), feeling guilty (9 utterances), complaining (28 utterances), apologizing (13 utterances), greeting (16 utterances), and feeling proud (9 utterances). Praise speech acts are the most dominant type found in this study. The results of this study are expected to provide an understanding of and knowledge in the field of pragmatics, serving as a valuable source of information for students to analyze expressive speech acts further.

This study aims to describe and identify the forms of locutionary speech acts that appear in Civic Education learning videos on the Kejarcita YouTube channel. Kejarcita is a YouTube channel that provides learning educational content for both senior high school and junior high school students. The language style used in the videos is highly engaging, beginning with a friendly greeting and informal style, such as “teman kece”, followed by questions that serve as an interactive means encourage viewers to think. The results of this study serve as a reference for gaining knowledge and understanding of the use of locutionary speech acts in learning videos on the Kejarcita channel. They may also be used as a reference for other researches who wish to conduct similar studies in the field of pragmatics or digital learning media. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach. The data consist of utterances containing locutionary acts, taken from Civic Education learning videos on the Kejarcita YouTube channel. Based on the results of the analysis, 191 data points were obtained, namely (1) locutionary speech acts intended to inform, totaling 63 occurrences; (2) locutionary speech acts intended to explain, totaling 49 occurrences; (3) locutionary speech acts intended to ask, totaling 34 occurrences; (4) locutionary speech acts intended to invite, totaling 27 occurrences; and (5) locutionary speech acts intended to remind, totaling 18 occurrences.

Curiosity is a very important capital to start learning. Because, with curiosity, humans can dig up interesting information and tips so that they can gain broader insight. In this sophisticated era, it is easier for people to find the information they need. One media that is often used to access information is YouTube. There are many videos on YouTube that can provide interesting and quality information, one of which is Maudy Ayunda's video. This research aims to describe the forms of assertive speech acts contained in the booklist edition of Maudy Ayunda's YouTube channel. The approach used in this research is methodological and theoretical. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach and a pragmatic approach. The data collection method used in this research was the observation method, followed by the observation technique. The data analysis method in this research is the pragmatic subtype. The research results found that there were types of assertive speech acts including, namely, assertive speech acts stating 31 data, suggesting 11 data, boasting that no data was found, complaining about 5 data, and claiming 14 data.

Curiosity is a very important capital to start learning. Because, with curiosity, humans can dig up interesting information and tips so that they can gain broader insight. In this sophisticated era, it is easier for people to find the information they need. One media that is often used to access information is YouTube. There are many videos on YouTube that can provide interesting and quality information, one of which is Maudy Ayunda's video. This research aims to describe the forms of assertive speech acts contained in the booklist edition of Maudy Ayunda's YouTube channel. The approach used in this research is methodological and theoretical. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach and a pragmatic approach. The data collection method used in this research was the observation method, followed by the observation technique. The data analysis method in this research is the pragmatic subtype. The research results found that there were types of assertive speech acts including, namely, assertive speech acts stating 31 data, suggesting 11 data, boasting that no data was found, complaining about 5 data, and claiming 14 data.

The rise of reflective content on YouTube underscores the need for pragmatic research that investigates not only what is said but also the effects of speech on audiences (perlocution). This study aims to analyze the speech act forms associated with perlocutionary effects on Henny Kristianus’s YouTube channel, focusing on the theme of maturity of mind, and to map observable indicators in viewers’ responses. A qualitative descriptive approach with pragmatic content analysis was employed. Data were drawn from transcripts of two videos and corresponding audience comments. The analysis identified three dimensions: (1) types of illocutions (advice, invitation, warning, empathetic assertion), (2) rhetorical/multimodal devices (metaphor, personal narrative, reflective question, call to action), and (3) observable perlocution indicators (attitude change, behavioral intention, emotional support). The findings show that empathetic and reflective utterances most frequently produce perlocutionary effects such as cognitive clarification, behavioral intention, and social reinforcement among viewers. These results suggest that the perlocutionary strength in digital discourse is influenced by the harmony between linguistic strategy, message depth, and communicated maturity values. Theoretically, this research enriches Indonesian digital pragmatics studies. Practically, it provides educators and content creators with insights to design ethical, persuasive, and character-building educational discourse.

Language is the primary tool of communication, serving to convey human ideas, feelings, and thoughts in social interaction. One important study in pragmatics is speech acts, particularly expressive speech acts, which express the speaker's psychological state thru utterances. This research focuses on analyzing the expressive speech acts found in the YouTube channel Hujan Tanda Tanya, an educational channel managed by Rousyan Fikri, also known as Hutata. The objectives of this research are (1) to describe the types of expressive speech acts found on the Hujan Tanda Tanya YouTube channel and (2) to identify the forms of these expressive speech acts. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis techniques applied to three videos uploaded on that channel. The research results show that there are five forms of expressive speech acts, namely complaining, expressing gratitude, praising, and supporting, with a total of 25 utterance data. The most dominant form of expressive speech act is praise, as the content in this channel provides a lot of positive encouragement to its viewers. This research is beneficial for enriching the study of pragmatics, particularly in understanding the application of expressive speech acts in digital media, and serves as a reference for discourse analysis on other educational platforms.

This study aims to describe representative speech acts in a video with the theme of in-depth learning design on the Diklat Online YouTube Channel. The background of this study is rooted in the important role of language in social interaction and the importance of speech acts as one aspect in pragmatic studies. In the realm of digital media, people see YouTube as the right platform to analyze speech acts because it is able to facilitate interactions between speakers and interlocutors through its videos. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the main data sources in the form of three podcast videos from the Diklat Online channel, August 2025 edition. Data were obtained through listening and note-taking techniques, then analyzed using the pragmatic equivalent method to classify the forms of representative speech acts. The results of the study found 33 representative speech act data divided into nine categories, namely stating (9), suggesting (3), demanding (3), showing (2), informing (8), mentioning (3), explaining (2), speculating (1), and giving examples (2). Of all, the speech act "stating" emerged as the most dominant type. The research conclusion confirms that representative speech acts have an important role in strengthening the validity of knowledge, supporting message clarity, and building a communicative, reflective, and meaningful learning atmosphere for the audience, thus making a real contribution to the effectiveness of educational communication in digital media.

This research explores assertive speech acts found on the Satu Persen YouTube Channel, particularly in the video titled “Strategies to Increase Productivity.” Assertive speech acts are considered significant as they serve to deliver information, clarification, and recommendations that can influence the audience’s perceptions and behaviors. The main objective of this study is to identify the forms of assertive speech acts that appear and explain their functions in reinforcing educational and motivational messages. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using observation and note-taking techniques. The data, taken from utterances in four purposively selected videos, were transcribed and categorized according to the types of assertive speech acts. The findings reveal a total of 194 assertive speech acts encompassing various forms, including stating, demanding, admitting, reporting, showing, mentioning, testifying, and speculating. Among these, the stating form appeared most frequently with 73 occurrences, followed by admitting, saying, and speculating. These results suggest that the creator focuses on delivering factual, logical, and structured information to facilitate audience comprehension. Overall, this study emphasizes the crucial role of assertive speech acts in conveying educational and motivational messages while demonstrating YouTube’s potential as an effective medium for academic communication and contributing to the advancement of pragmatic studies.

This study examines directive speech acts in the drama script Nyonya-Nyonya by Wisran Hadi, aiming to describe their forms and functions within the characters’ dialogues. The research focuses on the significance of understanding language functions in social and literary contexts, where directive speech acts reflect power relations, cultural values, and social dynamics among female characters. The study employs a pragmatic approach with a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through documentation and note-taking techniques on the drama script and analyzed using a pragmatic equivalent method to interpret utterances based on the context of the speaker, interlocutor, and situation. The results indicate 92 instances of directive speech acts divided into eleven categories: requesting, ordering, demanding, challenging, commanding, urging, coercing, forbidding, signaling, advising, and suggesting. These utterances demonstrate how language functions as a tool of social control, an expression of authority, and a reflection of moral values within society. This research enriches the field of literary pragmatics and provides practical contributions to Indonesian language education, particularly in understanding language functions in social interaction and literary works.

This study was motivated by the importance of understanding directive speech acts in the context of lectures as a form of effective da’wah communication in contemporary society. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the forms and functions of directive speech acts in Ustadzah Haneen Akira's lectures on the YouTube channel Sharing Ladies Day. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with observation and note-taking techniques to collect data from sermon transcripts as the primary data source. The results show that the directive speech acts that appear include the functions of advising, commanding, prohibiting, requesting, and questioning, which are delivered in a gentle, polite, and persuasive style so that they are easily accepted by the audience. In addition, these speech acts reflect the speaker’s intention to influence, guide, and encourage listeners toward positive behavioral changes. This research provides benefits in enriching pragmatic studies, especially in the field of speech act analysis, and serves as a practical reference for preachers in delivering da’wah messages in a more communicative, contextual, and effective manner in the digital era.

Communication in digital media, especially YouTube, now plays an important role as a means of delivering educational material to the wider community. Nevertheless, studies on the phenomenon of communication on this platform, especially from the perspective of locutionary acts, are still limited. Philosophy-themed content, which is often considered abstract and complex, requires linguistic analysis to understand effective communication patterns. This study aims to identify and describe various forms of locutionary acts that appear in the “Belajar Filsafat” (Learning Philosophy) playlist on the YouTube channel Satu Persen – Indonesian Life School. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method based on pragmatic theory. Data were collected through observation and note-taking techniques in four videos from the playlist, then analyzed using matching techniques and presented informally. The results of the study show that there are 151 locutionary acts, including 76 declarative acts, 46 interrogative acts, and 29 imperative acts. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of linguistic studies, particularly in the field of pragmatics that discusses speech acts, while practically, this study can be a reference for students and novice researchers in understanding speech act research methods and the importance of applying effective communication in the realm of digital education.

The analysis of locutionary speech acts is a pragmatic study that can reveal the role of digital communication in the learning process, particularly in educational videos such as the Positive Psychology Class on the YouTube channel Garvin Goei. Within this video, there are various forms of utterances, such as declarative, interrogative, and imperative, which serve to convey information clearly and build understanding among viewers. The accurate formulation of locutionary utterances will also influence the effectiveness of online learning, necessitating an in-depth analysis to assess their quality. The objective of this research is to identify the forms and functions of locutionary speech acts present in the video, which can subsequently be used as a reference in designing educational content. Good quality locutionary speech acts will impact learners' comprehension and interaction abilities in a distance learning context. The methodology employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, beginning with data collection through observation and note-taking techniques on the Garvin Goei YouTube video. The observation technique involves reading and observing the entire video content, while the note-taking technique includes recording locutionary utterances and re-verifying the obtained findings. After conducting the analysis, 606 data points of locutionary speech acts were obtained, with a dominance of declarative sentences (213), interrogative (145), and imperative (88), indicating variations in sentence structure and the use of conjunctions. The quality of these utterances is evaluated based on clarity of meaning, pragmatic function, and level of complexity. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for teaching materials and provide deeper insights into the influence of locutionary speech acts on the quality of digital educational communication.

This research is part of the study of pragmatics, namely illocutionary speech acts. This research focuses on explaining illocutionary speech acts contained in the novel by Nawal El Saadawi entitled Perempuan di Titik Nol. The analysis of speech acts prioritizes language through its actual speakers. Illocutionary speech acts are defined as speech acts that contain intent and function or speech power. In an illocutionary speech act, the utterance gives rise to an action. Illocutionary speech acts are divided into five types, namely assertive, directive, expressive, declarative, and commissive illocutionary speech acts. The data obtained for this research are conversational utterances containing elements of illocutionary speech acts in the novel Perempuan di Titik Nol by Nawal El Saadawi. The research approach uses two methods, namely a pragmatic theoretical approach and a qualitative descriptive methodological approach. In collecting data, the researcher applied the listening method with advanced techniques of free listening and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, for data analysis, the pragmatic equivalent method was used with formal and informal methods as a form of presentation of the data presented. The research results found 147 utterances containing illocutionary speech acts in this novel.