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Coffe is one of Indonesia’s leading commodities, known for its diverse flavors and aromas. Traditionally, coffee quality assessment is conducted manually through cupping tests performed by expert panelists. However, this method is subjective and requires considerable time and cost. This study aims to implement an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using the backpropagation algorithm to classify coffee types based on sensory parameters such as flavor, aroma, acidity level, and body. Simulated data were generated from five common Indonesian coffee varieties: Arabica Gayo, Robusta Lampung, Arabica Toraja, Liberica Jambi, and Excelsa. The results show that the ANN-based classification system with a 4-8-1 architecture achieved an accuracy rate of 93% after 500 training epochs, with a final error value of 0.07. The implementation of this method provides an efficient and objective technological alternative to assist the coffee industry in maintaining product quality and automatically identifying coffee types.    

Prolonged road damage disrupts community mobility, logistics activities, and reduces road user safety. The road maintenance project on Jl. Ir. Soekarno in Blitar City, which was planned to be completed in 120 days with a budget of Rp1.16 billion, experienced a delay of 8 days due to time management constraints. This study aims to evaluate the use of the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method to accelerate project completion without reducing the quality of work. The TCTO method is used to analyze the relationship between time and cost. This research proposes additional overtime working hours of 2 hours per day with the assumption of resources according to the Cost Budget Plan (RAB). The results show that with this method, the project can be completed in 117 days at a total cost of Rp1,342,177,724. Although it requires additional costs, this acceleration allows the project to be completed faster than the previous condition

Road maintenance is a strategic effort to support community mobility and economic development. This study aims to determine the optimal duration and analyze the cost impacts of implementing the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method. The method is applied through critical path analysis and adding overtime hours to reduce the project duration. Data is collected from project documents such as daily reports, S-curves, and cost budget plans, then analyzed using Microsoft Project software. The results show that the project duration can be shortened to 117 days with an additional cost of IDR 176,614,724.00, which is lower than the potential delay penalty of 1% per day. This adjustment leads to a time savings of 8.6% without causing significant changes to the project's organizational structure. The TCTO method proves to be a practical solution for addressing delays while maintaining a balance between time and cost.

Aerial photo mapping requires Control Points (CP). The Indonesian National Standard 8202:2019 regulates the number of CPs needed. The smallest area regulated is less than 250 km². Projects with an area of less than 1 km² have the same number of CPs as those with an area of less than 250 km². This is neither effective nor efficient because the CP work depends on the number of workers and requires time based on access to the project site. This study aims to identify the minimum number of CPs and the appropriate distribution of CPs for aerial photo mapping at a scale of 1:2,500 class 1 that is effective and efficient in terms of time and cost. The study uses seven schemes. Schemes 1 and 7 use 4 Ground Control Points (GCP) and 5 Independent Control Points (ICP). Scheme 2 uses 5 GCPs and 4 ICPs. Schemes 3, 4, 5, and 6 use 3 GCPs and 6 ICPs. Each scheme will be evaluated based on CE90 and LE90 values. The maximum CE90 value is 0.75 m, and the LE90 value is 0.5 m. The effective and efficient scheme in terms of time and cost is determined by the number of GCPs used, as well as the CE90 and LE90 values. The results indicate that all schemes have CE90 and LE90 values below the maximum standard. Scheme 4 is identified as the most effective due to having the highest CE90 and LE90 values among the schemes, with CE90 at 0.028 m and LE90 at 0.448 m. Scheme 4 is also identified as the most efficient because it uses a minimal number of GCPs—only three—distributed diagonally from the Southeast to the Northwest in the project area.

Project management is managing projects by considering all aspects of construction projects. A project must run according to plan and can be completed on time, so planning is needed before a project runs; scheduling must be considered. Scheduling is an important step in determining the exact duration and sequence for each activity in the project to create a logically structured schedule that can be implemented realistically. Many methods can be applied in project scheduling, such as S Curve and CPM (Critical Path Method). The use of different scheduling methods is considered to affect the final result of scheduling. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the two methods. The analysis was carried out by comparing the critical trajectory, duration, and cost of structural work on the Kediri Regency Stadium Design and Build Project produced by the two methods so that it can be concluded which method is more efficient. The results showed differences in critical trajectories in the S curve and the CPM methods. In addition, the difference in duration is obtained; the S curve method requires a work duration of 140 days with a cost of Rp 48,041,965,577.96. Meanwhile, the CPM method requires a work duration of 131 days at a cost of Rp 47,535,997,308.05. Based on the results, the CPM method is superior in terms of time and cost.

Working on a project requires careful planning, so that it can be carried out with optimal time and cost. However, in practice, the implementation of project work usually encounters obstacles that cause schedule delays which result in cost overruns. Therefore, to determine the accuracy of the implementation of a project, routine evaluation and analysis is carried out with the aim of knowing how the progress of a project is progressing. In this research, the Earned Value Analysis method is used to examine trends in schedule variance and cost variance in a period (time) during the project. Based on the calculations and analysis carried out, it can be concluded that there were no delays in the implementation of the Kapal X construction project at X company, the work was carried out according to the predetermined schedule, even faster than the previously planned schedule. Based on the results of the analysis of project completion projections in terms of time, the results for the projected remaining work time (ETS) were 268 days and for the projected total project completion time to completion (EAS) it was 594 days or 306 days faster than the initial plan of 900 days.    

Determining majors is one of the obligations for all students who still want to continue their education. Decisions taken often cause problems when differences in abilities and limitations in thinking result in not graduating on time. Also, we often see majors chosen only because they follow the advice of friends or family and because of the development of the need for human resources in the world of work. Determination of majors should be done by considering the capabilities possessed. Therefore, this application was created which aims to design an expert system that can provide an overview for prospective students about what majors are suitable or in accordance with their abilities. The method used in making this expert system is Forward Chaining, where the facts related to determining the direction are stated first, then draw an appropriate conclusion. By making this application, it is expected to provide convenience for prospective students both in terms of time and cost.

This research is mainly aimed at improving the way of discharging coal at PLTU Rembang, which is one of the power plant business units of a subsidiary of PT PLN located in Sluke District, Rembang Regency, Central Java Province. It maps the dimensions of the discharging speed using conveyor and grape . Data collected through surveys to coal shipping companies are regressed in the Linear Regression model. The results show that two characteristics of discharging services with conveyors and grapes affect time and cost (1) The duration of coal discharging (2) The cost of coal discharging. using qualitative and quantitative primary and secondary by direct observation to the field and data collection then the data is processed using multiple linear regression, the targeted outputs are national journals, national seminars, monographs.