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In conveying messages, speakers use utterances. Utterances are forms of speech that contain various communicative functions according to the context and purpose of communication. Speech acts are the main element in verbal interactions that reflect social actions in the form of speech. Speech acts are actions manifested in the form of speech that have a special meaning. One type of speech act is the illocutionary speech act. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts in negotiation texts in the revised edition of Indonesian language books. This research method uses qualitative descriptions and pragmatic analysis. Data collection in this study uses reading and note-taking techniques and purposive sampling. Based on the data analysis, the author has identified 171 illocutionary speech acts, including assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. Based on the research, the author found that assertive, directive, and expressive speech acts predominate. Commissive speech acts numbered twenty-seven, and declarative speech acts numbered the least, namely seven. This research is expected to provide students with an understanding of the types of illocutionary speech acts, enhance their knowledge, and enable them to use them effectively and correctly.

Writing is a complex and fundamental language skill that plays a central role in developing students’ literacy, particularly in the context of producing negotiation texts. Negotiation texts are one of the text types taught in the Indonesian language curriculum that demand mastery of varied vocabulary, logical coherence, and persuasive language structures. Despite its importance, many students continue to face challenges in composing negotiation texts effectively. Difficulties are often found in choosing the right vocabulary, applying grammatical rules accurately, and constructing arguments that are logically consistent and persuasive. This study aims to analyze the extent to which students’ mastery of Indonesian vocabulary and grammar contributes to their ability to write negotiation texts. The research was conducted on class X students of MAN Kota Mojokerto using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through three techniques: analysis of students’ written negotiation texts, interviews with teachers and students, and classroom observations during the learning process. The results of the study reveal that most students demonstrate limited mastery of vocabulary, which results in repetitive word choices and restricted expression. In addition, weaknesses in grammar application often lead to inaccurate sentence construction, lack of cohesion, and unclear argument flow. These shortcomings significantly affect the quality of negotiation texts, which tend to be less persuasive, poorly structured, and unable to fulfill the standard criteria of negotiation text writing. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that vocabulary mastery and grammar proficiency play a crucial role in supporting students’ negotiation text writing skills. To address this issue, Indonesian language learning needs to adopt strategies that consistently emphasize writing practice, provide opportunities for vocabulary enrichment, and strengthen students’ grammatical competence. Such approaches are expected to improve students’ literacy levels, particularly in the production of negotiation texts.

This study aims to develop a Canva-based Digital Scrapbook as a learning medium for negotiation texts for tenth-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Sogae'adu. The research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Borg and Gall model, which includes ten steps: identifying problems, collecting data, designing products, validating designs, revising, product testing, revising, usage testing, final revisions, and mass production. The product trial was conducted with 6 students from class X MP 2, and the usage trial with 33 students from class X MP 1. The media was validated by three experts: material, language, and design. Material validation reached a score of 60 out of 60 (100%), language validation scored 40 out of 40 (100%), and design validation showed high feasibility. The practicality of the media, based on student questionnaires, was 91%. Effectiveness was shown by increased post-test scores, with 81% of students meeting the learning completeness criteria. The results indicate that Canva-based Digital Scrapbook media is highly feasible, practical, and effective for learning negotiation texts. This media improves student engagement, concept understanding, and interest. It supports student-centered learning and fits the needs of 21st-century students who prefer interactive, and visual, and creative approaches to understand material better.

Educating the nation's life is one of the goals of the Indonesian state which is included in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in the fourth paragraph. Through education, everyone can learn to develop their potential to realize their happiness and perfection in life to become more qualified. Learning Indonesian has an important role in the process of teaching students about good and correct Indonesian language skills according to their goals and functions. The use of the TikTok application is one way to integrate technology in learning in class X SMA Negeri 11 Semarang negotiation text material. This study aims to find out whether the TikTok application can be used as an alternative learning medium that is effective in improving language skills and increasing students' interest in learning. This research also aims to motivate educators to create interesting learning media. This research uses qualitative descriptive method. Its data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the use of the TikTok application in learning negotiation texts with the research objects of class X students of SMA Negeri 11 Semarang can be well received. Monotonous and boring learning can be resolved using TikTok media

Educating the nation's life is one of the goals of the Indonesian state which is included in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in the fourth paragraph. Through education, everyone can learn to develop their potential to realize their happiness and perfection in life to become more qualified. Learning Indonesian has an important role in the process of teaching students about good and correct Indonesian language skills according to their goals and functions. The use of the TikTok application is one way to integrate technology in learning in class X SMA Negeri 11 Semarang negotiation text material. This study aims to find out whether the TikTok application can be used as an alternative learning medium that is effective in improving language skills and increasing students' interest in learning. This research also aims to motivate educators to create interesting learning media. This research uses qualitative descriptive method. Its data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the use of the TikTok application in learning negotiation texts with the research objects of class X students of SMA Negeri 11 Semarang can be well received. Monotonous and boring learning can be resolved using TikTok media

This research aims to: (1) describe the process of developing teaching materials for negotiation text materials assisted by the Anyflip application for class Mada Medan. The research and development model used is ADDIE with five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The instruments used were interviews, as well as material validation questionnaires, design validation, and responses from Indonesian language study teachers. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques (Likert scale). The results of the research and development carried out are teaching material products for negotiation text materials assisted by the Anyflip application with good average assessment results.

The problem with this study is that many schoolchildren still complain about having trouble writing essays, texts, or stories. The issue with writing skills is that for students to write well, they also need a lot of extensive knowledge. The objective is to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation text material for the 2023–2024 academic year. This will be done by measuring students' ability to write negotiation text material using class problem-based learning. This exploration technique is trial research. A scoring system for evaluating a person's capacity to write negotiation texts serves as the data collection method. The examination area is at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru. The information examination methods in this exploration are homogeneity test, ordinariness test and t test. Based on the calculations, this study came to the conclusion that, at the 95% significance level, or  = 0.05, tcount is 38.39 and ttable is 1.66. The research alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted because tcount is greater than ttable (38.39 is greater than 1.66). Therefore, the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation texts is influenced by the problem-based learning model.    

The problem with this study is that many schoolchildren still complain about having trouble writing essays, texts, or stories. The issue with writing skills is that for students to write well, they also need a lot of extensive knowledge. The objective is to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation text material for the 2023–2024 academic year. This will be done by measuring students' ability to write negotiation text material using class problem-based learning. This exploration technique is trial research. A scoring system for evaluating a person's capacity to write negotiation texts serves as the data collection method. The examination area is at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru. The information examination methods in this exploration are homogeneity test, ordinariness test and t test. Based on the calculations, this study came to the conclusion that, at the 95% significance level, or  = 0.05, tcount is 38.39 and ttable is 1.66. The research alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted because tcount is greater than ttable (38.39 is greater than 1.66). Therefore, the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation texts is influenced by the problem-based learning model.    

In the current era, digital learning media began to be developed along with the rapid development of information technology. Educators are indirectly required to make adjustments to the development of information technology-based learning media. Gudang Teks is a Indonesian learning media program designed through the world wide web precisely on google-sites which is a place for storage of negotiation text materials. With this, this study was conducted to analyze information technology-based learning media on the use of LMS in the form of google-sites under the name "Text Warehouse" in the negotiation text learning process at the Class X high school level. The research methods used in this study are qualitative descriptive methods based on data analysis and literature studies. The development model used in research uses the type of research and development or Research and Development (R &D) with the 4-D development method developed by S. Thiagarajan and consists of 4 main stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The Text Warehouse is also analyzed using SWOT analysis in the form of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats so that they can be further evaluated and considered in their use. The results of the analysis show that the Text Warehouse is quite feasible to be used in the negotiation text learning process, especially in grade X high school students.

In the latest curriculum, Indonesian language learning is oriented towards text-based learning. Therefore, students are invited to be able to produce various types of texts according to the material taught. The purpose of this study is to describe the application of the case-based learning model in the case-based learning (CBL) learning model in the Indonesian language subject of writing negotiation texts for class X students at SMK Mataram Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year, the method used is descriptive qualitative method. This research focuses on the differences after the application of the case-based learning (CBL) model by using observation data, interviews with educators and students and documentation. As for data analysis techniques using descriptive by displaying the results of observations, the results of interviews with educators and students, student learning outcomes in the form of writing results and documentation such as learning documentation based on the steps in the application of the case-based learning (CBL) model and several other supporters. The results obtained after the application of this learning model are that students can have scores above the KKM and can also write independently the negotiation text that has been made in accordance with the linguistic rules.The conclusion based on the results of this study is that the application of the case base learning (CBL) model in class X Boga 1 SMK Mataram Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year can be applied as an effective learning model to make students in writing negotiation text.  In addition, this application can also add alternative learning for educators.

Berdasarkan observasi penilaian kemampuan menulis teks negosiasi di SMAN 10 Medan masih tergolong pada kategori yang kurang, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis teks negosiasi dengan pembelajaran strategi pembelajaran direct writing activity di SMA Negeri 10 Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian one group pre test – post test design. Penelitian ini sesuai langkah pembelajaran direct writing activity yang membuat nilai siswa meningkat setelah menggunakan  strategi pembelajaran direct writing activity. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa terdapat 80% siswa memenuhi nilai diatas KKM.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana perancangan model E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning, bagaimana mengembangkan E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning, dan menganalisis kelayakan E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning pada materi teks negosiasi untuk dikembangkan SMA Negeri 1 Sarolangun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang mengadopsi pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Developmet, Disseminate) dengan modifikasi, tanpa tahap disseminate (penyebaran). Langkah penelitian dan pengembangan tersebut yaitu Identifikasi dan analisis masalah, perancangan, pengembangan, dan validasi produk. Instrument penelitian berupa lembar wawancara guru, angket analisis kebutuhan siswa, lembar validasi ahli materi, ahli media yang dianalisis menggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) telah dirancang E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning dengan pengembangan pada aspek materi teks negosiasi, (2) setelah dilakukan perancangan maka selanjutnya dikembangkan E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning pada materi teks negosiasi melalui palatform liveworksheets, (3) kelayakan pengembangan E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning  yang dinilai oleh ahli materi berada pada kategori sangat valid (91,2%) atau dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan dan menurut ahli media E-LKPD yang dikembangkan berada dalam kategori valid (87,5%) atau dinyatakan layak digunakan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana perancangan model E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning, bagaimana mengembangkan E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning, dan menganalisis kelayakan E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning pada materi teks negosiasi untuk dikembangkan SMA Negeri 1 Sarolangun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang mengadopsi pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Developmet, Disseminate) dengan modifikasi, tanpa tahap disseminate (penyebaran). Langkah penelitian dan pengembangan tersebut yaitu Identifikasi dan analisis masalah, perancangan, pengembangan, dan validasi produk. Instrument penelitian berupa lembar wawancara guru, angket analisis kebutuhan siswa, lembar validasi ahli materi, ahli media yang dianalisis menggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) telah dirancang E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning dengan pengembangan pada aspek materi teks negosiasi, (2) setelah dilakukan perancangan maka selanjutnya dikembangkan E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning pada materi teks negosiasi melalui palatform liveworksheets, (3) kelayakan pengembangan E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning  yang dinilai oleh ahli materi berada pada kategori sangat valid (91,2%) atau dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan dan menurut ahli media E-LKPD yang dikembangkan berada dalam kategori valid (87,5%) atau dinyatakan layak digunakan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa E-LKPD berbasis discovery learning dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di SMA