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This study examines the foundational framework and evolving dynamics of Indonesian civil procedural law (Hukum Acara Perdata) amid its transformation from colonial legal heritage toward a modern, digitalized justice system. Using normative-doctrinal legal research methodology combined with empirical court statistics from 2022–2024, the study analyzes four dimensions: (1) core procedural principles rooted in the HIR and RBg; (2) the mandatory mediation framework under PERMA No. 1 of 2016; (3) the evolution of evidence law toward electronic evidence under the amended UU ITE (Law No. 1 of 2024); and (4) mechanisms of judicial decisions and legal remedies. Findings show that e-court implementation has dramatically increased efficiency minutasi productivity rose from 64.35% (2022) to 96.50% (2024)—while 594,816 users registered through e-court by 2023. The study concludes that Indonesia’s civil procedural law is actively adapting to technological disruption, though structural challenges such as digital inequality, electronic evidence authentication gaps, and regulatory harmonization remain unresolved.

This study aims to analyze the participation of the faithful in the Sacrament of Penance and to identify the pastoral challenges influencing its practice in the Vicariate of West Sulawesi, Archdiocese of Makassar. Theologically, the Sacrament of Penance serves as a means of reconciliation that restores the relationship between humanity, God, and the Church. However, in contemporary contexts, its practice encounters various social, psychological, and pastoral dynamics. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach involving 267 respondents from four parishes through questionnaire distribution. The data were analyzed using percentage-based statistics to map participation frequency, spiritual motivation, level of understanding, post-sacramental experiences, and perceived obstacles. The findings indicate that although most respondents demonstrate strong theological understanding, sincere spiritual motivation, and positive spiritual experiences after receiving absolution, participation remains largely seasonal and periodic. The principal challenges include psychological factors such as shame and anxiety, structural limitations related to schedule and accessibility, and formative deficiencies such as insufficient ongoing catechesis. The study concludes that the primary issue is not a crisis of faith in the sacrament itself, but a gap between theological awareness and concrete practice, thus calling for more dialogical, communicative, and contextual pastoral renewal.

This study investigates the decoupling phenomenon between ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) sustainability reporting and communal Tri Hita Karana (THK) sustainability practices in a Rural Bank in Bali. Through Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) of official documents from BPR Luhur Damai covering 2023–2025, this study identifies that the Sustainability Report (SR), prepared strictly according to Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) 51/2017, does not incorporate substantial THK practices, namely banten (ceremonial offerings) Rp131.6 million, dana punia (religious donations) Rp8.5 million, and monthly banjar (communal community unit) contributions, producing a Hindu religious expenditure to formal Social and Environmental Responsibility (SER) ratio of 10:1. Drawing on the Institutional Logics perspective, this study identifies four decoupling mechanisms: (1) cognitive, namely THK as taken-for-granted, not perceived as “sustainability”; (2) administrative, namely departmental silos between Compliance and General Affairs; (3) template, namely POJK 51/2017 provides no space for local wisdom; and (4) capacity, namely limited Human Resources (HR) and institutional capacity. These findings lead to the concept of “invisible sustainability,” that is, real sustainability contributions that are invisible to conventional reporting frameworks, and “cultural accounting gap,” that is, the absence of accounting categories for local cultural-religious contributions. The theoretical contribution is demonstrating that decoupling in Global South contexts is not merely symbolic compliance but results from structural misalignment between transnational and communal logics that renders local sustainability contributions institutionally invisible.

The rapid development of social media, particularly Twitter, has given rise to a new form of social violence known as cyberbullying. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of cyberbullying on Twitter using Ulrich Beck's Risk Society Theory as an analytical framework. The research approach used is a literature review. This study perceives cyberbullying on Twitter as a modern, systemic risk, shaped by anonymity, cancel culture, and the individualization of risk. It acknowledges that Twitter's structural features, such as pseudonymous accounts and the rapid dissemination of information, exacerbate the potential for cyberbullying, while simultaneously positioning individual users as both victims and potential perpetrators of digital violence. These findings reinforce Beck's thesis that risks in advanced modernity are self-produced, institutionally distributed, and difficult to regulate, clearly reflected in the uncontrolled spread of cyberbullying in digital public spaces.

The completeness of nursing care documentation serves as a primary indicator of hospital service quality and remains a critical component of patient safety, clinical communication, and legal accountability. Despite its importance, empirical evidence from various healthcare facilities indicates that nursing records are frequently suboptimal, incomplete, or inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the complex interrelationships between burnout and coaching on the completeness of nursing care documentation, specifically examining the role of nursing competence as a mediating (intervening) variable at the Dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid General Hospital in Bekasi City. Utilizing a quantitative research framework with a cross-sectional design, this study sampled practicing nurses stationed across inpatient and intensive care units. Primary data were gathered through a validated, structured questionnaire designed to measure psychological burnout, the frequency of clinical coaching, perceived professional competence, and the objective completeness of documentation. The data were subjected to rigorous analysis using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the hypothesized pathways within the conceptual model. The results demonstrated that burnout exerts a significant negative influence on both nursing competence and the quality of documentation, suggesting that emotional exhaustion hinders professional performance. Conversely, systematic coaching was found to have a significant positive impact, directly improving both competence levels and documentation adherence. Critically, the analysis confirmed that nursing competence acts as a vital intervening variable; it effectively mediates and strengthens the influence of both burnout reduction and coaching interventions on the overall completeness of nursing care records. This study concludes that proactive burnout management and the institutionalization of structured coaching programs are essential strategic priorities. By addressing these factors, hospital management can enhance individual nurse competence, thereby ensuring high-quality, comprehensive nursing documentation that supports patient safety and institutional integrity.

The optimal therapeutic impact of local vaginal drug delivery systems is strongly influenced by the physical characteristics balance of Solid Vaginal Suppositories. A comprehensive review regarding the comparison of mechanical profiles, specifically melting time and crushing strength parameters, from various base classifications constitutes the primary objective of this literature research. The implementation of a Literature Review study design was executed through the extraction of empirical data from twelve experimental journals published within the last ten years. Excessively rapid phase transformation characteristics at physiological basal temperatures and low compression resistance were consistently demonstrated by lipophilic bases such as Oleum Cacao. The risk of structural deformation during the distribution process is highly susceptible to unmodified lipid preparations. High surface elasticity accompanied by a delay in molecular hydration duration reaching 120 minutes was recorded in the utilization of Glycerinated Gelatin Base. Structural rigidity exceeding 4 kgF and disintegration time efficiency under 60 minutes were optimally demonstrated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Base. An enhancement in mechanical resistance against external shocks during the storage period is offered by the thorough modification of the synthetic polymer ratios. Therefore, the determination of the PEG base as the most optimal material is recommended to maintain the quality stability of pharmaceutical products. Compendial regulation standards regarding the physical strength testing of pharmaceutical preparations must be obeyed by every institution to ensure long-term treatment effectiveness. Thus, the alignment between active substance release duration and physical preparation endurance can be realized for absolute patient comfort.

Tourism in Bali, as the backbone of the regional economy, absorbs more than 50% of the workforce and gives rise to complex labor dynamics. Although Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and Law No. 21 of 2000 on Trade Unions guarantee worker protection and freedom of association, the reality on the ground is still marked by the misuse of fixed-term employment contracts (PKWT), violations of outsourcing regulations, and both structural and cultural barriers to union formation. This article employs a normative juridical approach, using statute, conceptual, and case-based methods to analyze the regulatory framework and the responses of workers, employers, and government actors in addressing industrial relations disputes within Bali’s tourism sector. The findings reveal a significant gap between written legal norms and actual practice: repeated extensions of PKWT, outsourcing of core tasks such animal caretaking, union-busting through dismissal of union members, and weak law enforcement at regional level. Trade unions play a role in mediation and advocacy, but their performance is hindered by employer intimidation, low legal literacy among workers, and limited institutional support. Bridging this gap requires strict oversight, legal education for workers, as well as the strengthening of union capacity and the authority of local governments.

The phenomenon of tourist destinations experiencing a decline in popularity after a viral phase (post-viral stagnation) poses significant challenges to the sustainability of urban tourism. This study aims to test a structural model for destination reactivation in Kampung Pelangi, Semarang, focusing on the role of digital transformation in strengthening destination resilience through the mediation of competitive advantage. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 150 respondents and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). The results of the hypothesis testing indicate that digital transformation has a positive and significant influence on competitive advantage (β = 0.495; t = 5.820; p < 0.001) and destination resilience (β = 0.312; t = 3.450; p < 0.001). Furthermore, competitive advantage was found to have a strong impact on resilience (β = 0.542; t = 7.115; p < 0.001). A mediation test demonstrated that competitive advantage significantly mediated the relationship between digital transformation and resilience (β = 0.268; t = 4.890; p < 0.001). This model demonstrated a predictive power of 61.2% (R2 = 0.612) for destination resilience. This finding emphasizes that post-pandemic destination reactivation requires the integration of digital capabilities that can restore differentiation and unique value propositions to achieve long-term resilience.

This study analyzes the urgency of strengthening citizen lawsuit mechanisms in response to spatial planning failures from an environmental law perspective, using the 2025 floods in Bali as a case study. The study is motivated by the increasing frequency and intensity of floods, which can no longer be understood as merely natural phenomena, but rather as the result of structural failures in spatial planning management and weak government accountability. Normatively, spatial planning is regulated under Undang Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 dan Undang Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 however, its implementation reveals a gap between legal norms and actual practice. The methodology employed is a normative legal approach, involving an analysis of legislation, legal doctrine, and judicial practices related to citizen lawsuits. The study's findings show that land-use conversion and development in water catchment areas, which go against the precautionary principle, the polluter pays principle, and sustainable development, are examples of spatial planning violations that cause flooding in Bali. In this situation, citizen lawsuits increase public access to justice while acting as a legal tool to hold the state responsible for its carelessness. However, this mechanism's effectiveness is still limited by the absence of a clear legal foundation, the difficulty of the burden of proof, and the public's limited access to the litigation process. Therefore, in order for citizen lawsuits to serve as effective tools for environmental protection and accountability, it is imperative that clear regulations be established, procedures be streamlined, and public access and ability information be improved.

This study examines the reproduction of social inequality in education through the theoretical framework of Pierre Bourdieu within a critical sociology perspective. The background of this research is rooted in the persistent gap in educational access, participation, and achievement among students from different social classes, which indicates that education does not always function as a tool for social mobility. The objective of this study is to analyze how mechanisms such as habitus, cultural capital, social capital, and the educational field contribute to sustaining inequality. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis within an educational setting characterized by diverse socio-economic backgrounds. The findings reveal that students from higher socio-economic backgrounds tend to possess dominant cultural capital and habitus that align with institutional expectations, giving them a significant advantage in academic achievement. Conversely, students from lower socio-economic backgrounds face structural and symbolic barriers that limit their opportunities. The study also finds that educational practices, including teaching methods and evaluation systems, implicitly favor certain groups, thereby reinforcing inequality. The implications of this research highlight the need for more inclusive educational policies and practices that recognize diverse forms of capital and promote equal opportunities for all students. Ultimately, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how education functions as a site of social reproduction rather than merely a neutral institution.  

This study aims to analyze public concerns regarding fast food consumption from the perspective of risk society, particularly among university students. The increasing consumption of fast food reflects shifts in consumption patterns influenced by globalization, practicality, and time efficiency. This research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review supported by interview data to strengthen the analysis. The findings reveal that fast food consumption is not solely driven by biological needs but also by practical, emotional, and social factors. Although students demonstrate a relatively high awareness of health risks associated with fast food, their consumption behavior persists as an adaptive response to structural conditions such as time constraints, accessibility, and academic pressures. From the perspective of risk society, this phenomenon illustrates a contradiction between risk awareness and everyday consumption practices. Risks produced by modernity are not entirely avoided but are negotiated and normalized in daily life. Therefore, fast food consumption cannot be understood merely as an individual choice but as a result of the interaction between structural factors, consumer culture, and social construction within modern society.

This study examines the role of QRIS as a non-cash payment system in supporting the digitalization of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The rapid growth of digital transactions has encouraged MSMEs to adopt more efficient, practical, and secure payment systems. This study aims to integrate the benefits and barriers of QRIS, map its position in the MSME digitalization process, and develop a conceptual framework for future research. A descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study design was employed, utilizing relevant academic sources related to QRIS, MSMEs, digital payments, and user behavior. Data were analyzed using content analysis by comparing, interpreting, and synthesizing findings from selected literature. The results indicate that QRIS contributes to simplifying transactions, improving operational efficiency, reducing cash dependency, and supporting MSMEs’ adaptation to digital payment trends. However, its implementation remains constrained by factors such as digital literacy, user readiness, trust, and infrastructural limitations. The study also highlights that QRIS adoption is influenced not only by technological advantages but also by perceived value and user trust. Therefore, QRIS can be positioned as a strategic instrument in accelerating the digital transformation of MSME payment systems. The findings imply the need for further empirical research to examine the direct impact of QRIS adoption on MSME performance and sustainability.

This study examines public service inefficiency in Indonesia during the digital era and its implications for achieving governmental organizational goals. Digital transformation through the implementation of e-government and technology-based public services is expected to improve effectiveness, transparency, and service quality. However, several challenges remain, including weak system integration, rigid and hierarchical bureaucratic structures, limited human resource competencies, lack of sustainable service innovation, and inadequate supervision mechanisms. This research employs a literature study method with a descriptive-qualitative approach by analyzing various academic sources such as journals, books, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that digitalization has not fully reduced inefficiency due to structural barriers, organizational behavior issues, and the lack of an adaptive work culture. Therefore, strengthening human resource competencies, improving digital system integration, encouraging continuous service innovation, and enhancing supervision are necessary to ensure that digital public services effectively support the achievement of organizational goals.

This study aims to investigate the influence of academic qualifications, managerial capabilities, and Perceived Organizational Support (POS) on emotional exhaustion and its implications for employee productivity at Sunan Kudus Islamic Hospital. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected via a questionnaire from 138 respondents. Instrument evaluation procedures were conducted through validity and reliability tests, while hypothesis testing was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that academic qualifications and POS have a significant negative effect on emotional exhaustion, indicating that increased intellectual competence and strong organizational support are effective in reducing staff emotional exhaustion. Conversely, managerial capabilities were found to have no significant influence on emotional exhaustion. In the context of performance, the analysis results show that academic qualifications, managerial capabilities, and POS have a partial, positive, and significant effect on work productivity. Practically, this study suggests that hospital management prioritize human capital development and the strengthening of a supportive organizational climate to mitigate emotional exhaustion while accelerating operational efficiency in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Leakage on Supply Chain performance, with Monitoring Opportunity as a mediating variable at the Library Office of Mesuji Regency. The research problem arises from the limited structure of knowledge-sharing practices, weak documentation of organizational knowledge, and the potential risk of knowledge leakage that may disrupt the effectiveness of library service supply chains. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 115 employees of the Library Office of Mesuji Regency and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares with SmartPLS. The results show that Knowledge Sharing has a positive and significant effect on Supply Chain performance and Monitoring Opportunity. Knowledge Leakage does not have a significant direct effect on Supply Chain performance, but it has a negative and significant effect on Monitoring Opportunity. Furthermore, Monitoring Opportunity significantly mediates the relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Supply Chain performance, but does not mediate the relationship between Knowledge Leakage and Supply Chain performance. These findings indicate that knowledge sharing becomes more valuable when supported by monitoring capability, while knowledge leakage should be controlled through documentation, access control, and knowledge protection mechanisms. This study contributes to knowledge management and supply chain literature in public library service organizations.

The digital transformation in Indonesia’s banking sector has significantly increased the use of digital banking services; however, it has not been fully accompanied by optimal customer trust. This study aims to examine the effect of perceived risk, data privacy protection, and digital service quality on customer trust, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from 150 digital banking users in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that perceived risk has a negative and significant effect on trust, while data privacy protection and digital service quality have positive and significant effects on trust. Simultaneously, all variables significantly influence trust, with an R² value of 0.672, indicating strong explanatory power. Compared to prior studies, this research contributes novelty by integrating these three variables into a comprehensive model. The findings reveal that digital service quality is the most dominant factor influencing customer trust. This study concludes that enhancing customer trust requires an integrated approach through effective risk management, strengthened data protection, and continuous improvement in digital service quality.

Algorithmic technologies are widely used in contemporary marketing strategies due to the growth of the digital economy. Digital companies can evaluate consumer activity data in real time and provide highly personalized digital experiences thanks to artificial intelligence-based solutions, especially machine learning. In addition to examining how algorithmic governance and surveillance capitalism affect algorithmic personalization, this study looks into how these mechanisms affect consumer engagement, purchase intention, and perceptions of hyperreality within the digital market ecosystem. 356 active users of digital platforms, such as social media and e-commerce, were surveyed as part of this study's quantitative methodology. The links between the constructs in the suggested conceptual model were examined through data analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that the development of algorithmic personalization systems is strongly influenced by data-driven capitalism practices and algorithmic governance. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that algorithmic personalization improves customers' sense of hyperreality and increases their interaction with digital platforms. Additionally, the study shows that the most powerful factor influencing purchase intention is consumer interaction. By combining viewpoints from technology, the political economics of data, and hyperreality theory into a thorough empirical framework, these findings add to the body of knowledge on digital marketing.

This research is motivated by the complex problems of street children, vagrants, and beggars in Jambi City, which are influenced by poverty, urbanization, and weak social protection. This phenomenon not only impacts public order but also reflects the suboptimal social welfare system at the regional level. Although local governments have implemented various policies through social order and rehabilitation approaches, their effectiveness still faces various structural and cultural challenges. This study uses Bryson's Policy Implementation Mapping theoretical framework, which includes indicators of interests, resources, channels, potential participation, level of influence, implications, and actions as the main analysis. The research approach used is a qualitative case study design to understand the dynamics of policy implementation in depth. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, with informants selected using purposive sampling until data saturation was achieved. The results show that policy implementation mapping has been carried out through collaboration between the Social Service and the Public Order Agency (Satpol PP) with a structured preventive, repressive, and rehabilitative approach. However, implementation has not been optimal due to limited rehabilitation facilities, lack of coordination between agencies, low community participation, and high mobility of beggars from outside the region. Furthermore, there is a gap between high administrative achievements and the reality on the ground, which still shows a high rate of returning to the streets. This study concludes that mapping policy implementation requires a more holistic, sustainable approach based on economic empowerment and strengthened cross-sectoral coordination to address this social issue more effectively and effectively.

Economic globalization has significantly transformed patterns of labor relations and expanded cross-border labor mobility. These developments necessitate alignment between national labor laws and international labor standards. The International Labour Organization plays a leading role in establishing global standards through various labor conventions and recommendations. This study aims to examine the concept of harmonizing national labor laws with international standards, assess its implementation in Indonesia, and identify the challenges faced. The study employs a normative legal method using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that Indonesia has adopted most international standards; however, implementation still faces structural, cultural, and economic obstacles. Legal harmonization is a strategic step to enhance worker protection while maintaining national economic competitiveness.

This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing student collaborative learning, with a particular emphasis on AI-driven feedback mechanisms and patterns of student interaction in developing effective collaborative skills. Unlike prior studies, this research highlights the mediating effect of AI-driven feedback on teamwork efficiency and overall learning outcomes in collaborative environments. An explanatory quantitative approach was applied using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to ensure robust data analysis. Data were collected from 112 university students who were actively engaged in AI-assisted collaborative learning activities, using a structured online survey instrument. The data were subsequently analyzed using SmartPLS software. The results reveal that AI significantly enhances student interaction (β = 0.534, p < 0.000) and improves problem-solving feedback (β = 0.620, p < 0.000), both of which contribute to significantly strengthening collaborative skills (β = 0.716, p < 0.000). However, the findings also indicate that AI alone does not directly improve collaboration without the support of structured pedagogical design and guidance. Therefore, universities should strategically integrate AI-driven feedback into Learning Management Systems (LMS) and strengthen digital literacy initiatives to optimize the effectiveness and sustainability of AI in collaborative learning contexts.