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Cooperation between economic actors such as financial institutions is an embodiment of the concept of the rule of law in economic development. Financial institutions such as banks provide credit to the public but there are also credit risks. So Bank Indonesia issued Guidelines for Preparing Credit Policies (PPKPB) for Commercial Banks, on March 31 1995, through Bank Indonesia Directors' Decree No.27/162/KEP/DIR which contains credit agreements in standard form. The existence of standard clauses in bank credit agreements containing the debtor's obligations, which aim to protect the creditor's interests, is unfair to the debtor. For this reason, it is necessary to study the weaknesses in the regulation of default on agreements with guarantees of mortgage rights. This research is based on John Rawls's Theory of Justice and Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory. The research specifications are analytical descriptive, with a sociological juridical research type. Regulations on default on agreements with guaranteed mortgage rights have weaknesses in the legal structure aspect, namely the lack of synergy between law enforcement officials. Apart from that, there are weaknesses in the legal substance aspect, namely related to the provisions contained in Article 15 UUHT, as well as weaknesses in the legal culture aspect which can be seen from the public's lack of knowledge about credit agreements and the lack of socialization regarding legal regulations related to the basic principles of agreement law.

This research analyzes one of Ahmad Tohari's short stories entitled Eyes that are Good to Look at using a sociological literary analysis approach. This approach is used to determine the extent to which literary works are able to display social realities and problems that occur in society. Through the figure of Mirta Ahmad Tohari depicts the hard life of a blind beggar facing the ins and outs of life. The description of Mirta's suffering is a reality of life that is often encountered by lower class people.

The journal 'The Dynamics of Conflict and Adaptation of Mobile Traders in Modern Society: A Dahrendorf Conflict Sociological Perspective' explores the complex interactions between mobile traders and modern society using the sociological framework of conflict proposed by Ralf Dahrendorf. This research details how mobile merchants, as social groups vulnerable to conflict with existing social authorities and structures, seek to adapt in a modern society filled with diverse social, economic, and cultural changes. With a focus on the dynamics of conflicts that arise along their journey, this journal also analyzes the adaptation strategies used by mobile traders in answering the challenges faced in this modern era. Through Dahrendorf's approach, this journal provides an in-depth insight into social change and conflict that occurs in contemporary society, by focusing on the role and experience of mobile traders as social agents who interact in the complexity of conflict and adaptation structures.  

The development of technology in the era of modernization creates risks on the rise of social media use. The high number of social media use raises concerns about the consequences of problems that arise, especially related to social media dependence. This dependence makes them feel to always be connected to other activities in social media, which then creates anxiety fear of being left behind by news or trends. This phenomenon is referred to as FOMO (Fear of Missing Out). This sociological research aims to identify the FOMO phenomenon as a result of social media dependence among Jember regional students. Based on interviews and data analysis, this research explores the extent to which Fomo affects the behavior of the use of social media students of Jember University. In addition, this research also identifies the risks and consequences of the dependence of social media that arise due to FOMO. The results of research on a number of Jember University students show that students who experience FOMO tend to have a higher degree of dependence on social media.  

Nowadays, food and beverage products are widely circulated in society. In the era of globalization of society, the traffic of goods including food/drinks across countries is not guaranteed to be halal. Even though religious obligations command us to consume halal food/drinks. With the existence of Law no. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantees and Government Regulation no. 39 of 2021 shows that there is legal certainty in the implementation of Halal Product guarantees. The problem is how to theoretically and empirically study the implementation of halal product guarantees from an Indonesian legal perspective. The research methods are normative juridical and sociological. The research results show that theoretically, the implementation of halal product guarantees is based on Law no. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantees reflects legal norms originating from God's Law (God Order), namely from the Al-Qur'an and Hadith, and has long been practiced in people's lives as a reflection of a person's or society's religious awareness. The process shows a circle of interaction that ends with the Halal Product Guarantee Law. Empirical studies explain that the implementation of halal product guarantees has been going on in people's lives for a long time so that it functions to create legal certainty, comfort and justice for the user community as well as realizing beneficial values for economic growth and community welfare. The existence of statutory regulations, legal institutions and public awareness of halal product guarantees are elements of a legal system. Empirical studies explain that the economic subsystem played by business actors has great energy to adapt quickly and utilize legal regulations and community culture to expand and develop their business. Keywords: Halal, Products, Law and Society  

The Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) carried out by the government based on Minister of Agrarian Regulation number 6 of 2018 is the first land registration activity carried out simultaneously for all land registration objects throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia in one village/kelurahan or other name. at the same level, which includes the collection of physical data and juridical data regarding one or several land registration objects for registration purposes with the aim of providing legal certainty and legal protection of land rights in a definite, simple, fast, smooth, safe, fair, equitable and open manner. and accountable so that it can improve the welfare and prosperity of society and the country's economy as well as reduce and prevent land disputes and conflicts. The research method used in this research is sociological juridical legal research and descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The results of this research show that the mechanism for implementing the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) by the Boalemo Regency Land Office has been carried out based on the procedures mandated in the Regulations. Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 6 of 2018 concerning Complete Systematic Land Registration which includes: Planning Stage, Location Determination, Preparation, Formation and Determination of the PTSL Adjudication Committee and Task Force (SATGAS), Counseling, Collection of Physical Data and Data Juridical, Juridical Data Research for Proving Rights, Announcement of Physical Data and Juridical Data and Validation, Completion of PTSL Activities, Confirmation of Conversion, Recognition of Rights and Granting of Rights, Bookkeeping and/or Issuance of Certificates, Documentation and Submission of Activity Results and Reporting of PTSL Activity Results. Although the mechanism for implementing the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) by the Boalemo Regency Land Office has been carried out in accordance with procedures. Thus, at the implementation level there are still obstacles in implementing the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) which is oriented towards quantity targets which makes it possible to ignore quality. As for the obstacles faced, both internal obstacles are obstacles faced by the Boalemo Regency Land Office that come from within the agency and External Obstacles are obstacles faced that come from outside the Boalemo Regency Land Office agency.

The existence of political parties plays a strategic role in the development of democracy and the nation is faced with a number of issues that create a negative impression on these organs, some of which include; first, the problem of involvement of political parties in various cases of corruption and money laundering crimes that have an impact on the fall of public image and trust in the organization; second, the problem of pro and contra accountability of political parties involved in cases of corruption and criminal acts of money laundering before the law; and third, the issue of imposing criminal sanctions on political parties as the subject of corporate offenses known in corruption and money laundering. This research belongs to the typology of juridical normative legal research with secondary data types in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The approach taken includes the comparison, conceptual, statutory, and philosophical approaches, and analyzed descriptively qualitatively through literature. The results of the study show that; first, the justification of political parties as corporations in criminal acts of corruption and criminal acts of money laundering can be seen in five basic perspectives, namely philosophical foundation, juridical basis, historical basis, sociological basis, and political foundation of criminal law; second, the ideal concept of political party punishment as a corporation is carried out with a reconceptualization of the subject of corporate delictions in the affirmation of two types of corporations, namely corporations in the form of private and special corporations or in the form of public with different provisions on punishment arrangements. The need for an amendment to some provisions of the Corruption Law and the TPPU Law related to corporations in accommodating the two types of corporations into a forum for the implementation of ideas, of course issuing a law that contains specific provisions regarding special corporate punishment can be the answer to a myriad of issues regarding criminalization

Juvenile delinquency in Kupang City is very diverse, one of which is illegal racing. Teenagers who indulge in this behaviour do not care about the safety and security of themselves or other road users. The purpose of this research is to analyse the juridical sociology review of illegal racing cases in Kupang City. This type of research is empirical juridical research. The type and source of data used are primary data, namely data obtained directly from the research location through direct interviews with respondents. The data is analysed descriptively qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the factors that cause a lot of illegal racing in Kupang City are sociological factors consisting of environmental factors and betting factors. Psychological factors consisting of adolescent personality factors and hobby factors. Efforts made by investigators against the perpetrators of illegal racing in Kupang City are carried out in two ways, namely, preventive efforts and repressive efforts. It is hoped that teenagers have legal awareness and it is hoped that police officers, especially traffic police, will be more assertive in sanctioning teenagers who often commit traffic violations, especially illegal racing violations, so that there is a deterrent effect for the perpetrators.    

Corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal act committed by a person or an organization entrusted with a position of power, to obtain illicit profits or abuse of power for one's personal gain. Corruption can involve a wide range of activities including bribery, influence peddling and embezzlement and may also involve practices that are legal in many countries. Political corruption occurs when officials or other government employees act in an official capacity for personal gain. Corruption is most common in kleptocracy, oligarchy, drug-state, and mafia state. Corruption and crime are endemic sociological events that occur with regular frequency in almost all countries on a global scale in varying degrees and proportions. The latest data shows that corruption is on the rise. Each country allocates domestic resources for the control and regulation of corruption and crime prevention. The strategies undertaken in order to fight corruption are often summarized in the term anti-corruption. In addition, global initiatives such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals also have targets that are expected to substantially reduce corruption in all its forms.

This study aims to examine the implementation of the partnership agreement between the Indonesian Pos Agent and PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) as well as the legal protection provided to PT. Pos Indonesia if there is a default from the postal agent. The research method used is an empirical legal method with a Fact, Sociological and Legislative approach. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the partnership cooperation agreement between Pos Indonesia agents and PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) faces several problems, both in the operational and non-operational sections. One of the problems outside of operations is an error in the weight of the scales made by the postal agent which causes losses. In this case, PT. Pos Indonesia is given preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection is carried out to prevent negligence, while repressive legal protection is carried out through reprimands, sanctions and compensation until the termination of the agreement permanently.

Sanctions are an important closing part in administrative law. In a sociological context, sanctions are a form of law enforcement effort. Law enforcement is a process to make legal wishes come true. The sanctions themselves can be in the form of criminal sanctions, civil sanctions, and also administrative sanctions. The purpose of this study is to find out the prosecution of people who do not use masks according to governor regulations and to find out the criminal status of people who are subject to administrative fines including criminal acts according to the article regarding the application of discipline to health protocols in the new era of life. This research method uses normative legal research methods. The results of the study show that the application of sanctions for violations of health protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is regulated in various Mayoral or Governor Regulations of each region by imposing written warning sanctions, administrative sanctions, social sanctions and criminal sanctions on violators.

The risk society, also known as the Risk Society, is a term associated with the famous sociologist Ulrich Beck. According to him, we are still in a new era, even in a new form of modernity. There are still many sociological publications that still refer to the main idea of ​​a risk society. The concept of uncertainty follows a societal perspective that develops through a narrow perspective of the risk society regarding environmental hazards. The role of technology is often underexplained in sociological theory. So that technological risk is not taken into account in Beck's risk community concept. There are three basic characteristics that overlap from the first modernity in pursuing society of risk as an important concept. Disaster is an event or phenomenon that has the potential to cause damage resulting in loss of life and cause destruction of property. There are three types of disasters according to their causes. In risk research on sociological discourse, media and communication play a role in the construction of risks that get recognition about risks. Disaster management can be understood as a set of policies to make efforts related to disasters before, during and after a disaster, which include prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response, healing and repair through appropriate and effective organizing activities. This can be criticized in two ways, namely, in terms of studies regarding the perspective of a socio-cultural approach to a risk and surveys regarding general risk awareness.

The meaning of customs and traditions passed down from ancestors is something that is difficult to just leave even though times have changed because they are deeply rooted and practiced continuously. One example is early marriage among the Madurese community, especially in Bandang Laok Bangkalan Village. Among the Madurese, their children, especially girls, choose to get married immediately rather than continue their studies or work. This study aims to find out how the perspectives of the Madurese people and ordinary people regarding early marriage in Madura, where this phenomenon is still common, especially in rural areas. The researcher also relates it to the Symbolic Interactionism Theory with the concept of mind, self and society to be analyzed from a sociological point of view. In this study, researchers used literature studies to obtain data and indirect observations. The results of this study are that this phenomenon is a real form of human unconsciousness about themselves, maybe they agree about arranged marriages carried out by their parents or family, but actually they are also depressed.

Church planting is not a new thing in the journey of Christianity and has an important role to play in the continuation of God's work on earth. Church planting is one aspect that plays an important role in the growth of the church as well as something that the church must do, not only the church, but all believers, considering this duty and responsibility is contained in the Great Commission. David Garrison suggests 4 classifications of church planting, namely rapidly multiplying, indigenous, church planting and in tribal groups. The segmentation of church planting is aimed at both unbelievers and believers who are immature in faith and unshepherded. In new church planting, the above are important factors that will help new churches grow and develop well. However, the sociological factors seen in new church planting vary depending on the case being analyzed, but God does not ignore the physical needs of people. When Jesus ministered in the world, He performed many social acts, such as healing diseases and feeding people. Evangelism is not one of our efforts to separate them from their culture, we still live culturally and maintain that culture, but our job is to straighten their path from the wrong to the right path, namely the Lord Jesus Christ who is the Savior of mankind. We must keep and preserve the culture, but it is the wrong way and understanding that we must correct.

This study entitled Social Interaction Between Bugis and Atoen Pah Meto (Sociological Study in Teun Baun Village and Nekbaun Village, West Amarasi District, Kupang Regency). The background of this research is what are the forms and patterns of social interaction between the Bugis and Atoen Pah Meto in Teun Baun Village and Nekbaun Village? The aims of this research are 1) to know the social and economic life of the Bugis and Atoen Pah Meto people; 2) To find out the Forms and Patterns of economic social exchange, mutual social interaction such as: social closeness, cooperation; 3) management of impressions and messages, comparing the process of social exchange, mutual social interaction: cooperation, and messages and impressions that are contained in the social interactions of the Bugis and Atoen Pah Meto people in the two villages.This study uses a qualitative method with an inductive approach to the type of intrinsic case study research. The focus of this research is symbol interactionism. The techniques used are observation and interviews.The results showed 1) The social interaction between the Bugis and Atoen Pah Meto in Teun Baun Village and Nekbaun Village was very harmonious because there had never been any conflict; 2) Bugis people can still control their expenses and income from sales properly, while the Atoen Pah Meto people don't have records and they don't support each other; 3) The degree of social exchange as practiced by the Bugis and Atoen Pah Meto in terms of fulfilling the basic needs of the community is quite good.The conclusion of this research is that the trade relations of the Bugis people are far more advanced than those of the Atoen Pah Meto, why is it because the Bugis people concentrate fully on the kiosk business, on the other hand the Atoen Pah Meto people do farming and livestock as a legacy from their ancestors. The researcher's suggestion is that there is a need for cooperation in the kiosk business and trying to trust each other in carrying out a productive business.    

Retirement is an important event that marks the change from adult life to old life.   One of the things that need to be prepared in facing retirement is to reduce the workload as retirement approaches.  The sociological transition theory developed by William Bridges, known as the "Bridges Transition Model," underscores the importance of understanding and managing change as a transitional process involving three main stages: suffix, neutral, and beginning, The theory of social capital proposed by Pierre Bourdieu can provide relevant understanding related to the phenomenon of teacher adaptation in retirement. This theory emphasizes the importance of social networks and relationships in the lives of individuals, and considers social capital as a valuable resource.  The study used a qualitative approach, which showed that teachers who had strong social networks during their careers were more likely to have social support and resources that could help them in post-retirement adaptation.  Teachers who have strong social networks during their careers are better able to cope with the challenges of post-retirement adaptation.  On the other hand, the results also show that teachers who lack social capital or have a more limited social network will have difficulty in post-retirement adaptation.

The implementation of the legal regulation of the principle of the agreement between the policyholder and the insurance company is law no. 40 of 2014 concerning insurance and the Civil Code, article 1320 on the terms of a legal agreement, commercial law books, article 246, the meaning of insurance, and the provisions of the article in an insurance policy. Limiting factors in submitting claims, namely, failing to fulfill administrative requirements and ignorance of customers with the benefits purchased. The principle of implementing the law of the agreement between the policyholder and the insurance company at PT. Batam branch Sequis Life Life Insurance. With the construction problem: -how is the law determining the implementation of agreements between policyholders and insurance companies with one of the factors hindering filing claims in the PT Asuransi Jiwa Sequis Life Batam branch? Qualification/writing in this type of journal uses normative legal writing and legal research supported by sociological/empirical nonprofits. To analyze the problems in this journal, Jeremy Bentham's theory (theory) of utilitarianism is used, the middle theory (middle theory) by Roscoe Pound law as a social engineering tool, theory and application (Applied theory) by Philip Nonet and Philip Selznick, namely essential law society.

Aliran hukum Sociological Jurisprudence merupakan aliran hukum yang ikut mengintervensi corak dan warna konfogurasi hukum. Baik dalam berbagai norma dan prakteak di lapangan. Oleh sebab itu, analisis terhadapa aliran ini dirasa sangat penting untuk melihat kelebihan dan kekungan dari aliran tersebut. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam diskursus ini adalah pendekatan kajian terhadap norma-noram yang ada beserta dengan konsep-konsep terkait yang berkelindan dengan aliran di atas. perspektif sociological jurisprudence tugas hakim dalam menerapkan hukum tidak melulu dipahami sebagai upaya social control yang bersifat formal dalam menyelesaikan konflik, tetapi sekaligus mendesain penerapan hukum itu sebagai upaya social engineering. Tugas yudisial hakim tidak lagi dipahami sekedar sebagai penerap undang-undang terhadap peristiwa konkrit (berupa berbagai kasus dan konflik) atau sebagai sekedar corong undang-undang (boncha de la loi) tetapi juga sebagai penggerak social engineering.

This research intends to find out the struggle of Afro-American women against discrimination in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple. This research is qualitative, which means that the data are in the form of words; thus, the data came from the novel and other books that are relevant to this research. A mimetic approach is used in data analysis to unearth the literary work as an imitation or reflection of aspects of human life, such as sociological, historical, or psychological background that is related to the topic. The result shows that the Afro-American women that are pictured in Celie’s life should struggle against both white and black discrimination. The whites did not accept the existence of the blacks and treated them cruelly through violence, rape, and murder. On the other side, the black man oppressed the Afro-American woman through sex abuse, physical abuse, and economic depression. The black women were living under the protection of men. However, their protection is no better than dominance and subservience. Even though Celie was treated abruptly and disrespectfully by her father and her husband, she could face it bravely, increasing her knowledge and insights, achieving financial success, and being happy in her life. Therefore, she achieves self-esteem, self-acceptance, economic independence, and, above all, freedom for the whole of her life. This is the realization of African American women's desire to gain recognition as individuals who deserve fair and equal treatment.