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Abstract The purpose of this study deals with the effect of snowball throwing model in ability to writing recount text at class X in SMA Negeri Lawe Sumur Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is to find out whether the use snowball throwing model has a significance effect in writing recount text. Population and samples used in this study were all students of class X total 36 students. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group as pretest and posttest design .This study was carried on using quantitave method. The data was analysed by using t-test. The researcher found the pretest mean = 50,97 , deviation standard = 2,87 and experienced an increase in the posttest mean = 78,47, deviation standart = 3,69. From this analysis, writer found that guided snowball throwing model has significane in teaching writing recount text. It can be proved by the result of the analysis showed that “ ” observed about 35,26 was higher than “ttable” about 2,030 with the level significance is 0,05% it implies that the teacher of English should use snowball throwing model in teaching writing recount text so that the teaching and learning process can be successful

The aim of this research is to explain the influence of the Snowball Throwing Learning Model on the Ability to Write Short Story Texts in Class IX Students of SMP Negeri 4 Medan in the 2022/2023 Academic Year. The population of this study was all students in class IX of SMP Negeri 04 Medan consisting of 11 classes with a total of 324 students. The samples taken were class IX-1 as the experimental class and class IX-2 as the control class. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a two group post-test design, with a research instrument in the form of an assignment to create a short story text. The experimental class got an average score of 78.33 while the control class got an average score of 73.50. This means that the value obtained by the experimental class is higher than the value obtained by the control class. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the data results were normally distributed. After carrying out a normality test of p > 0.05 at a significant level, the results of the normality test of the experimental posttest data were (0.059 > 0.05), and the normality test results of the control posttest data were (0.200 > 0.05). The results of the homogeneity test for the ability to write short story texts were p-value > α = 0.05 with posttest results for the experimental class and control class of 0.070 > α = 0.05 and the hypothesis test obtained a significance value of 0.045.

The aim of this research is to determine the difference in learning motivation of students who are taught using the snowball throwing learning model and those who are not taught using the Snowball Throwing learning model at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method with a pre-experimental design research type in the form of a one-group-pretest-posttest design. The population was all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon, totaling 188 people and the researchers determined a sample of 32 people using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 27 items. Research data for the questionnaire was analyzed using the related sample formula. From the calculation results, the tcount value = -29.052<ttable 2.039 with a 2-party test (α/2=0.05/2=0.025)= 2.039. The tcount value is in the curve area of ​​rejection of H0 and acceptance of H1. Thus, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is a difference in the learning motivation of students who are taught using the snowball throwing learning model and those who are not taught using the Snowball Throwing learning model at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year. The difference in learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of Class VIII Students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Academic Year can be seen from the average scores of X1 = 77.0 and X2 = 88.3.

Researchers found several weaknesses during PAI learning at SMP Negeri 2 Sitiung, namely the lack of enthusiasm of students to learn, low student achievement during learning, and there were still many students who fell asleep during learning, which affected learning. Learners influence learning. The aim of this research was to see how much influence the application of the snowball throwing method had on the Islamic religious education learning outcomes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 2 Sitiung, Dharmasraya Regency. This research is experimental research with a quasi-experimental design. The location for this experiment was carried out at SMP Negeri 2 Sitiung, Dharmasraya Regency. The population in this study was all students in class VII of SMP Negeri 2 Sitiung, a total of 57 students, while the sample in this study was class VII A, which was the experimental class, which had a total of 29 students, and class VII B, which was the control class, which had a total of 28 students. . In determining the sample in this research, aggregate sampling techniques were used. In this research, data was collected in the form of tests. Based on the results of data analysis, the snowball throwing method influences student learning outcomes by 71.4% and other factors by 28.6%. In the hypothesis test analysis, the significance value (two-tailed) was obtained, namely 0.026 < 0.05, so that the Ha test decision was accepted and Ho was rejected, so it can be concluded that the snowball throwing method has an effect on learning outcomes. Based on research data, it can be concluded that the snowball throwing method is more suitable for implementing teaching and learning in Islamic religious education.

So that the learning process takes place actively, teachers should use learning models in delivering material according to students' needs. The snowball throwing learning model is a conceptual framework that describes systematic procedures for organizing learning experiences to achieve certain learning goals, and functions as a guide for learning designers and teachers in planning teaching and learning activities.

This research is apreliminary research that contains efforts to implement the snowball throwing learning model at the elementary level, especially in grade 4. This study also aims to determine student responses to the application of the snowball throwing learning model at the elementary school level. This study used a research design with the "One Shot Case Study" design, namely research conducted by giving certain treatment to research subjects, in this case the snowball throwing learning model. The data obtained were analyzed using research methods for students. In this study the authors used a data collection technique in the form of a questionnaire technique. The questionnaire used in this research is a student learning motivation questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that students' responses to learning using the snowball throwing model received a positive response with a percentage of 88.43%.

This study aims to describe the effect of the snowball throwing learning model on the results of learning to read Indonesian for grade IV SD students No.198 Inpres Bontorita Takalar Regency. The subjects used in the study were 30 students. This type of research is pre-experimental research in the form of Pre Test Post Test Design, namely an experiment which in its implementation only involves one class as the experimental class without any comparison class (control class).The success of the learning process in terms of aspects, namely: the achievement of completeness of students' classical Indonesian learning outcomes, student activities in learning Indonesian. Learning is said to be successful if the above aspects are fulfilled. The data collection technique used is the score data for reading results which are collected using a reading test.The results of the descriptive statistical analysis using the Snowball Throwing Learning Model for positive reading skills, students' reading skills using the Snowball Throwing learning model show better learning outcomes than before the Snowball Throwing learning model was applied. The results of inferential statistical analysis using the t test formula, it is known that the calculated t value obtained is 11.5444 with a frequency of db = 30–1 = 29, at a significance level of 5% obtained t table = 2.04523. So, t count > t table or the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. This proves that there is influence in applying the Snowball Throwing learning model to reading skills in Indonesian language class IV SD No.198 Inpres Bontorita.

The purpose of this research is to prove whether the snowball throwing technique is effective or not in developing students’ speaking abilities at SMA Negeri 3 Ratahan. It is a pre-experimental design. The instrument used in collecting data is an oral test. The results show that the lowest pretest score was 4 and the highest posttest score was 10. Pretest scores totaled 137, while posttest scores totaled 181. The mean of the pretest scores was 5.95, while the mean of the posttest was 7.86. The standard deviation of the pretest was 0.46, while the posttest was 0.95. The pretest results show that the students are still struggling to learn the snowball throwing technique. The posttest results show that the students' proficiency in learning to speak through snowball throwing has increased.

The purpose of this research is to improve students’ reading comprehension through snowball throwing techniques at SMP Negeri 2 Tompaso. The students in the sample were all in first grade, and there were 22 of them. This is a quantitative study that used a pre-experimental design with one group pre-testing and post-testing. The instrument used in collecting data is a multiple-choice test. The result shows that the mean score of the students’ pretest was 6.9 and the mean score of the posttest was 7.9. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the softball throwing technique improved students’ reading comprehension.