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This article discusses the development of Digital Learning media based on Malay rhymes for high school students (SMA) with the aim of improving the competence of literary appreciation. The research was conducted using research and Development (R & D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and literature appreciation tests given to students before and after using digital learning media. The results showed that digital learning media Malay poem was able to improve students' understanding of the structure, meaning, and cultural values in the poem. In addition, this media makes it easier for teachers to present literary material in an interactive and interesting way, thereby increasing student learning motivation. The integration of digital media in learning also facilitates students in exploring literature more creatively. This finding confirms that the integration of digital technology in traditional literary learning can support the improvement of cultural literacy competence and literary appreciation in high school students. This innovation opens up new possibilities for engaging students with their cultural heritage in a digital era, encouraging a deeper understanding and connection with traditional arts.

This research is intended to analyze the physical and mental elements in four poems by Heri Isnaini, namely "BERSAMA HUJAN", "I BRING THE WIND", ME AND SENJA" The analysis is carried out with a structural approach to reveal how poets build meaning through language and feeling. The physical elements studied include diction, imagery, concrete words, majas, and rhyme, while the inner elements include themes, tone, atmosphere, and mandates. The results of the study show that Heri Isnaini uses simple but poetic diction, strengthening the visual and emotional impression of the reader. Natural imagery and feelings are strongly displayed, with language styles such as metaphors and personifications. The themes that emerge reflect contemplation, tranquility, and closeness to nature. The tone of the poem is calm and melancholy, creating a contemplative atmosphere. The mandate in the poem invites the reader to reflect on life, accept change and understand sincerity. The combination of physical and mental elements results in a simple but deeply meaningful poem.  

Traditional drama of the archipelago is one of Indonesia's cultural heritages that has an important role. This study aims to explore the plot structure and intrinsic elements in several forms of traditional drama in Indonesia. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with content analysis methods of scripts and performance documentation as the main data sources. The findings show that the plot of traditional drama generally consists of five narrative stages, namely introduction, emergence of conflict, climax, decline of tension, and resolution. Intrinsically, these dramas present universal themes such as justice, love, sacrifice and resistance to injustice, with characters clearly divided between good and evil. The plot tends to run chronologically, supported by settings that depict the real conditions of local communities, and dialog that is packaged in the form of rhymes, poems, or local languages. Moral messages are an important element in traditional dramas that strengthen local cultural values. Based on the results of the analysis, traditional Nusantara drama is proven to have a distinctive structure and rich intrinsic content, so it deserves more attention in the field of education and cultural preservation.

Phonological skills are a crucial foundation in early childhood language and literacy development. This study aims to explore the use of digital educational games as an interactive learning medium to improve young children's phonological abilities. A quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design was applied. The participants were 4–5-year-old children enrolled in an early childhood education center in City X. Data were collected through observation sheets and phonological tests. The findings revealed a significant improvement in children's phonological skills after engaging with digital educational games regularly over a four-week period. The games were designed to train skills in sound discrimination, rhyme recognition, and syllable identification. These results imply that digital technology can serve as an innovative and effective tool to support phonological learning in an enjoyable manner during early childhood. The findings provide valuable insights for educators and application developers to design learning media appropriate to children's developmental stages.  

Poetry is a form of literary expression that contains physical and mental elements that are interrelated in building deeper and more complex meanings. The problem studied in this study is the identification and analysis of the physical and mental elements contained in the poems of Heri Isnaini, which are known for their imaginative power and emotional depth. This research aims to examine how these elements contribute to the formation of the meaning and aesthetics of poetry, as well as how these poems are able to provide an aesthetic experience to the reader through the choice of words and distinctive language styles. The method used in this study is a literature study, with an approach to literary text analysis to understand the elements that form poetry, both in terms of language and the message conveyed. The results of the study show that the physical elements in these poems include the use of diction rich in imagery, metaphorical and personified majas, and rhyme patterns that strengthen emotional and aesthetic nuances in each stanza. Meanwhile, the inner element depicts universal themes, such as longing, loneliness, love, and reflection of life, which are meaningfully expressed through the use of symbols and implied meanings in each line of the poem.

This research aims to examine how the physical and mental elements in Heri Isnaini's poems entitled "Memories 1", "In Memories 2", "With You When Dusk", and "I Met You at the End of the Night". By focusing on the intrinsic analysis of the elements of poetry. The physical elements studied were diction, rhyme, majas, and typography. As for the inner element, it includes the theme, tone, atmosphere, and mandate implied in each work. The results of the analysis show that Heri Isnaini uses simple poetic language with a predominance of melancholy and contemplative atmospheres. The themes of love, silence, and memories become the common thread that connects the four poems. With the power of expression and subtle choice of diction, these poems reflect the poet's emotional depth towards both universal and personal experiences.

This study aims to reveal the physical and spiritual elements in Heri Isnaini's poems, namely "Kita", "Aku Menunggu Bunga", "Kita Jalan Berdua", and "Mengetuk Ketukan". In terms of physical elements, the analysis includes diction, imagery, concrete words, figures of speech, rhyme, and typography used by the poet to build the beauty and meaning of the poem. Spiritual elements include themes, feelings, tones, and messages that reflect the poet's attitude towards life, love, and human existence. The results of the analysis show that Heri Isnaini uses a lot of simple but meaningful diction, as well as metaphors and personifications that strengthen the emotional nuances. Visual imagery and feelings are dominant in creating a deep poetic atmosphere. Themes such as waiting, togetherness, love, and the search for the meaning of life are the common thread of the entire poem. With a stylistic and hermeneutic approach, it can be concluded that these poems not only reveal the poet's personal expression, but also reflect universal human experiences.

Poetry is a form of literary expression that contains physical and mental elements. Distance Poem 1, Distance 2, Pilgrimage Poem 1, and Pilgrimage Poem 2 by Heri Isnaini.   These four literary works are rich in physical and mental elements, and these two elements complement each other and build meaning. This research aims to analyze how the physical and mental elements in the poem form the meaning and aesthetics of literary works. and the physical elements studied include diction, imagery, language style, rhyme, and typography as an external form of poetry that builds a structure of beauty. Meanwhile, the inner elements analyzed include themes, feelings, tone, and mandates as the core meaning of the poem. The method used is the Literature Study method. Data was collected from written sources such as poetry theory books, scientific articles, and publications that discuss poetry and biographies of poets.  

Several titles of poems related to meditation by Heri Isnaini are exciting works to study, especially on the physical and inner elements of the poem. The inner elements are interrelated with the intrinsic elements contained in the poem, such as theme, feeling, tone, atmosphere, and the message to be conveyed. In contrast, the physical elements refer to the visual and auditory aspects of the poem, such as word choice, imagery, language style, typography, concrete language, and rhyme. This paper uses the literature study research method, namely by collecting data by reviewing books, as well as various reports related to the problem to be solved. This research aims to describe and examine the physical and mental elements, as well as understand the relationship between the two elements in building overall meaning in the poems “Meditation 1”, “Meditation 2”, “Time Meditation”, and “Rain Meditation” by Heri Isnaini. The results of this study show that the physical and mental elements in poetry have a complementary relationship in expressing a deep message, thus producing a complete meaning and touching emotionally and intellectually.

This research is entitled Analysis of Language Style and Concrete Words in the Poem “Doa Orang Sibuk yang 24 Jam Sehari Berkantor Di Ponselnya” by Joko Pinurbo. This research is a form of appreciation for literary works in the context of understanding language styles and concrete words in poetry. This study aims to describe and interpret the use of language style and concrete words in the poem titled “Doa Orang Sibuk yang 24 Jam Berkantor Di Ponselnya” by Joko Pinurbo. According to Sudjiman, language style includes diction or lexical choice, sentence structure, majas and imagery, rhyme patterns, and matra found in literary works (1987: 13) while concrete words are words that can be described concretely by the reader's mind when reading a poem. The method used in this research uses a qualitative method by investigating the language style and concrete words in the poem “Doa Orang Sibuk yang 24 Jam Sehari Berkantor di Ponselnya” by Joko Pinurbo so as to produce concrete data. With this research, it can produce data that can find out the language style and concrete words used in the poem “Doa Orang Sibuk yang 24 Jam Sehari Berkantor di Ponselnya” by Joko Pinurbo.

This study aims to describe the physical structure in the poetry collection Doa untuk Anak Cucu (Prayer for Children and Grandchildren) by W.S. Rendra. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a content analysis approach. The data analyzed are the lines of poetry in the anthology. In-depth, this thesis analyzes the physical structure of the poems in ten selected works from the Doa untuk Anak Cucu collection by W.S. Rendra. The analysis focuses on seven elements of the physical structure of the poems: diction, imagery, figurative language, concrete words, typography, rhyme, and rhythm. The results show that the poet employs various strategies in selecting and arranging the physical elements of the poems. The diction chosen is highly diverse, with a total of 192 words across the ten poems. Imagery, which is strong and present in every poem, amounts to 161 images throughout the collection, creating vivid mental pictures for the reader. Figurative language such as metaphor, simile, and personification is used effectively to enrich the meaning and beauty of the poems, with 152 instances of figurative language identified in the study. The carefully chosen concrete words help readers visualize the objects and events described, with 121 concrete words found in this thesis. The typography used is also varied, with the arrangement of words and lines intentionally set to create specific rhythmic and visual effects. Rhyme and rhythm in the poems create a distinct harmony and musicality. This thesis identifies 121 rhymes and 170 rhythms.