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This study aims to analyze the effect of using cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) as a carbohydrate-based feed ingredient on body weight gain in beef cattle. The review was conducted using a descriptive literature study approach based on sixteen scientific articles discussing the nutritional composition, processing methods, and performance responses of beef cattle fed cassava-based diets. The analysis shows that cassava contains 17.45–88.6% dry matter, 2.4–21.45% crude protein, and 11.35–92.2% nitrogen-free extract, with variations influenced by plant part, processing method, and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content. Processing techniques such as fermentation and ensiling can reduce HCN levels by more than 70% while increasing crude protein content up to 25%, thereby improving digestibility and feed efficiency. The inclusion of cassava in the form of flour, dried chips, pulp, or fermented peel consistently enhances dry matter intake and average daily gain (ADG) of beef cattle at inclusion levels of 20–50% in the diet. Overall, cassava has strong potential as a locally available, economical, and sustainable feed ingredient to improve beef cattle productivity.

Physical fitness is a fundamental determinant of athletic performance and is strongly influenced by dietary intake and lifestyle behaviors. Adequate protein consumption is essential for muscle development and energy metabolism, whereas smoking has detrimental effects on lung function and aerobic capacity. This study aimed to explore the relationship between protein intake and smoking habits with physical fitness, measured by maximal oxygen uptake, among athletes of Persela Football Academy under-eighteen. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was applied, involving adolescent male athletes. Protein intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, smoking habits were obtained through structured interviews, and maximal oxygen uptake was measured using the multistage fitness test. Findings revealed that the average daily protein intake of athletes was relatively high, while the mean maximal oxygen uptake score fell within the good category. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association between protein intake and aerobic fitness, as well as between smoking habits and aerobic fitness. The results indicate that lower protein intake and higher smoking frequency are linked to reduced physical fitness capacity. This study highlights the importance of nutritional interventions and healthy lifestyle promotion as integral components in the development of youth athletes to optimize performance and prevent decline in fitness.

Cone is a type of biscuit in wafer qualification that is cone-shaped and used as an ice cream holder. Cone is usually made from wheat flour with the addition of other ingredients as supporting ingredients. Research on making ice cream cones is still rarely done, especially making ice cream cones using red sorghum flour and Eucheuma cottonii puree. This study aims to determine the chemical, physical, and organoleptic characteristics of ice cream cones that are high in fiber and protein, and preferred by consumers. The research used a two-factor factorial completely randomized design (CRD), namely the ratio of wheat flour: red sorghum flour ((90:10), (80:20), (70:30)) and the addition of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed puree/100ml water (5%, 10%, 15%). The results showed that the best treatment was found in the treatment of the ratio of wheat flour: red sorghum flour (80: 20) and the percentage of Eucheuma cottonii puree 10% with fiber content of 4.14% and protein content of 9.73% and organoleptic tests with the results of color 3.53 (neutral), taste 4.23 (like), aroma 3.83 (neutral-like), texture 3.63 (neutral-like), overall liking 4.20 (like). Red sorghum flour ice cream cone and seaweed puree (Eucheuma cottonii) can provide an alternative in increasing food products that are high in protein and fiber.

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. is a bioactive plant containing polysaccharides, anthraquinones, sterols, vitamins, minerals, and glycoproteins, contributing to wound healing through anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant mechanisms, fibroblast stimulation, and accelerated re-epithelialization. This study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) of 37 peer-reviewed articles (2018–2025) to evaluate the biochemical potential of Aloe vera and its application as a basis for modern pharmaceutical topical formulations. Results revealed that acemannan increased fibroblast proliferation by up to 200, modulated TGF-1, enhanced type I and III collagen deposition, and accelerated re-epithelialization. Anthraquinones such as aloin and emodin exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Nanoemulsion and nanogel formulations improved transdermal penetration up to threefold compared to conventional gels. These findings highlight Aloe vera’s potential as a wound healing agent and a basis for modern pharmaceutical topical preparations.

Nutritional problems during the growth phase of adolescent are mostly caused by consumption patterns. The most commonly used eating patterns during adolescent are foods that are high in calories, fat, sugar and salt. The habits of an unhealthy eating pattern can affect nutritional status. The foods most consumed by adolescent are often junk food and caffeinated beverages. All kinds of food and drinks are easily found around campuses surrounded by student. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between junk food consumption and caffeinated beverages to the nutritional status of students of the Faculty of Technology and Food Industry at Slamet Riyadi University, Surakarta. The respondents involved were students aged 18-24 years. Data was collected using a questionnaire and interview to the student. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. The results showed that factor affecting the nutritional status of student was mother’s education (p=0,000) and father’s education (p=0.000). Factors that do not affect nutritional status were energy intake (p=0.545), protein (p=0.085), fat (p=0.204) and carbohydrate (p=0.112), the amount of pocket money (p=0.310), the consumption level of junk food (p=0.671) and caffeinated drinks (p=0.535). The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the consumption patterns of junk food and caffeinated drinks on the nutritional status of students of the Faculty of Food Technology and Industry at Slamet Riyadi University, Surakarta. Permasalahan gizi yang terjadi saat pertumbuhan fase remaja lebih banyak disebabkan karena pola konsumsi.  Pola makan yang sering diterapkan pada masa remaja adalah makanan tinggi kalori, lemak, gula, dan garam. Pola makan yang tidak sehat dapat mempengaruhi status gizi seseorang. Makanan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh kalangan remaja masuk dalam kategori junk food dan juga minuman berkafein. Makanan dan minuman kategori ini mudah ditemukan di sekitar kampus yang dikelilingi mahasiswa. Tujuan pada penelitian ini ialah menentukan hubungan pola konsumsi junk food dan minuman berkafein terhadap status gizi mahasiswa Fakultas Teknologi dan Industri Pangan di Universitas Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta. Responden yang terlibat ialah mahasiswa berusia 18-24 tahun. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara kepada mahasiswa. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi mahasiswa adalah pendidikan ibu (p=0.000) dan pendidikan ayah (p=0.000). faktor yang tidak mempengaruhi status gizi ialah asupan energi (p=0.545), protein (p=0.085), lemak (p=0.204) and karbohidrat (p=0.112), jumlah uang saku (p=0.310), tingkat konsumsi junk food (p=0.671) dan minuman berkafein (p=0.535). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pola konsumsi junk food dan minuman berkafein terhadap status gizi mahasiswa Fakultas Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Universitas Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta.

Organic waste management at Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) is still not optimal, even though organic waste production averages 1,264 kg per month. This community service activity aims to develop technological innovations through the utilization of eggshell waste and Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggots into economically valuable pellet feed products. The activity was carried out from October 8 to 15, 2025, involving three workers from the Temporary Processing Site (TPS) of PT Angkasa Pura Indonesia YIA. The implementation methods included an initial survey, education, demonstration of pellet production, and evaluation of participants' skills and product quality. The production process involved drying, grinding the ingredients, mixing the ingredients, molding, and drying the pellets. The results showed that the workers were able to independently carry out the production process and produce pellets with good physical quality. Cost analysis showed that the cost of production was IDR 47,989/kg, with a potential profit margin of 30% and an estimated return on investment within ±7 months. This innovation has proven effective in reducing waste volume, increasing the added value of organic waste, and supporting the principles of zero waste and circular economy in the airport area. This program has the potential to be further developed as a model for sustainable organic waste management.

Chronic kidney disease is an increasingly prevalent health issue that requires more precise clinical data-based early detection methods to enable timely and appropriate treatment. This study focuses on developing a predictive model for chronic kidney disease using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm and enhancing its performance through hyperparameter optimization with the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The dataset used originates from public sources and undergoes several preprocessing steps, including missing value imputation, categorical feature encoding, outlier handling, initial feature selection, and stratified data splitting to maintain model quality. Three modeling approaches were evaluated: LightGBM with default parameters, LightGBM enhanced using Random Search, and LightGBM optimized with GWO. The experimental results indicate that the baseline model already performs well, Random Search improves accuracy and F1-score, and GWO achieves the highest AUC-ROC value despite requiring longer computation time. Significance testing through cross-validation shows that the performance differences among the three models are not statistically significant, suggesting that the observed improvements are not strong enough to determine a definitively superior optimization method. The feature importance analysis highlights that clinical indicators such as creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure, and urine protein contribute most prominently to the prediction. Overall, the study demonstrates that LightGBM is a reliable model for early detection of chronic kidney disease, and hyperparameter optimization still offers added value that can support the development of AI-based clinical decision-support systems

Bread is a food product made from wheat flour, water, yeast, and salt processed by mixing them into one dough then fermented and baked in the oven until cooked. Roti has several types, one of which is burger buns. Burger patties are white bread that is round or oval, made from high protein wheat flour, yeast, sugar, bread improver, salt, butter, milk powder, water, and usually with the addition of sesame seeds. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of burger patties high in dietary fiber and preferred by consumers. This study used a two-factor Complete Randomized Design (RAL), with a ratio of wheat flour and mocaf 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 with the addition of the percentage of beet tubers 30,40,50. The results of burger buns with high-fiber formulations were obtained from the ratio of wheat flour and mocaf flour at 50%:50% with a percentage of beet puree at 50%, this treatment has a fiber content of 11.47%, the water content of 26.10%, ash content 1.58%, fat content 4.33%, protein content 6.53%, carbohydrate content 61.45%, calories 310.89%, specific development volume 4.42%. Of flavor 3,38, color sensory test 3.73, chewiness 3.81, tenderness 3.11. Burger buns with raw materials of mocaf flour and the addition of beet puree as a source of fiber can be one of the practical foods that have good nutritional value for health.

The present study was conducted to assess consumer acceptability of taro-based kue talam supplemented with dragon fruit peel and to describe the ingredient composition and nutritional content of the preferred formulation. An experimental design comprising three formulations was employed. The resulting products were subjected to an organoleptic evaluation by untrained panelists, covering the attributes of color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. The findings indicated that Formula A received the highest preference scores. The bottom layer of Formula A consisted of 650 g taro, 130 g dragon fruit peel, 250 ml coconut milk, 110 g tapioca flour, 230 g rice flour, 250 g granulated sugar, ½ tsp salt, and 1 tsp vanilla. The top layer comprised 350 ml coconut milk, 25 g granulated sugar, 30 g tapioca flour, 60 g rice flour, and ½ tsp salt. Nutritional analysis per 100 g of product revealed carbohydrate and protein contents of 48.45% and 2.515%, respectively. The study concludes that taro-based kue talam enriched with dragon fruit peel has promising acceptability and may be considered a potential innovation in local tuber-based food products. Further research is recommended to include cost analysis for pricing determination.

Rapid global population growth has led to climate change and agricultural land degradation, posing significant challenges to the stability of global food security. The traditional livestock sector is known to absorb high levels of greenhouse gas emissions that can accelerate natural resource degradation and require innovative and sustainable approaches to meet the demand for animal protein. This study aims to analyze the contribution of cultured meat technology as an ethical and environmentally friendly alternative to improving global food security. This study uses a desk study method that addresses the technical, social, economic, and ethical aspects of cultured meat production. The analysis results indicate that the application of this technology has the potential to reduce land use and carbon emissions by up to 70% compared to conventional livestock systems, in addition to reducing animal suffering and the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. However, its application still faces several obstacles, such as high production costs, dependence on whey-based culture media, and difficulties in halal certification and public acceptance. These findings underscore the importance of synergy between scientists, governments, and religious authorities to ensure the safety, effectiveness, and equivalence of technology with ethical principles and socio-cultural values. With strong regulatory support and ongoing research, cultured meat technology has the potential to be a strategic solution for building a resilient, equitable, and environmentally responsible global food system.

In Iranian Traditional Medicine, some herbs like Achillea millefolium, commonly known as yarrow, are implicated as appetite enhancers. However, there is not enough research evidence to prove their actual effect. Achillea millefolium is a dicot which belongs to the family Asteraceae. The purpose of this study was the analysis Achillea millefolium based on a bioinformatic study and toxicity test on the chicken embryo. This research method consisted of conversion of nucleotides into amino acids, analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Achillea millefolium protein, epitope and Allergen Proteins, antigens and toxins and toxicity test on the chicken embryo. In addition, this study also obtained the results of proteins that are epitope, antigenic, non-allergenic and non-toxic and toxicity test on the chicken embryo was 250 ng/egg.. Morphological description of the embryo on the 21st day after injection, at a concentration of 250 ng of Mentha piperita/egg product, an abnormal embryological picture was obtained. Chicken Embryo Weight and Body Length Measurements were carried out in chicken embryos. Need research for other species of plant.

Hawthorn extract has been used for ameliorating cardiac disorders and pulmonary hypertension. The main chemical constituents of hawthorn flavonoid extract (HFE) include flavonoids (1-2%), oligomeric proanthocyanidins (1-3%), and other bioactive components (e.g., triterpene acids, organic acids, sterols, and cardioactive amines). These compounds are reported to have many pharmacological effects, including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and nephroprotective effects. This study was aimed the analysis Crataegus oxyacantha based on a bioinformatic study and toxicity test on the chicken embryo. This method consisted of analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Crataegus oxyacantha Protein, Epitope and Allergen Proteins, Crataegus oxyacantha Proteins that were antigens and toxins and toxicity test on the chicken embryo. The results of research conducted on 3 three-dimensional structures of Crataegus oxyacantha protein, GQME value and QmeanDisCo value. In addition, this study also obtained the results of proteins that are epitope, antigenic, non-allergenic and non-toxic and toxicity test on the chicken embryo was 250 ng/egg..Morphological description of the embryo on the 21st day after injection, at a concentration of 250 ng of Crataegus oxyacantha /egg product, an abnormal embryological picture was obtained. Chicken Embryo Weight and Body Length Measurements were carried out in chicken embryos. Need research for other species of plant.

Free-range chicken eggs are a source of high-value animal protein but are susceptible to quality deterioration during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaf extract concentration and storage duration on the internal quality (Egg White Index, Egg Yolk Index, Haugh Unit, yolk color) and pH of free-range chicken eggs. An experimental method was employed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 4 x 4 factorial pattern. The first factor was leaf extract concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%), and the second factor was storage duration (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The results showed that immersion in 5% Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaf extract significantly maintained internal egg quality compared to the control up to 14 days of storage. This treatment produced optimal values for the Egg White Index, Egg Yolk Index, Haugh Unit, and yolk color score, while also inhibiting the pH increase indicative of egg spoilage. However, an excessively high concentration (15%) resulted in physical quality degradation. It is concluded that Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaf extract has potential as an effective natural preservative for maintaining the freshness of free-range chicken eggs, with the best concentration at 5% for short- to medium-term storage.

Canine dwarfism is a growth disorder resulting from physiological dysfunction within the endocrine system, primarily due to growth hormone (GH) deficiency commonly caused by abnormal pituitary development. GH and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) play essential roles in regulating the growth of bones, muscles, skin, and internal organs through the hypothalamic–pituitary–liver axis. Under normal conditions, the hypothalamus controls GH secretion, which subsequently stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1 as the main mediator of growth. Genetic abnormalities such as LHX3 mutations can impair somatotroph cell differentiation and reduce GH production, ultimately leading to decreased IGF-1 levels. The deficiency of these hormones disrupts chondrocyte proliferation in the epiphyseal plates, decreases muscle protein synthesis, and negatively affects the development of tissues such as skin, hair, and reproductive organs. This study was conducted using a literature review method by searching scientific databases and selecting relevant publications addressing the physiological, clinical, and pathophysiological aspects of canine dwarfism. Literature analysis indicates that GH deficiency leads to clinical manifestations such as stunted body size, thin and easily shedding hair, dry and infection-prone skin, reduced muscle mass, metabolic disturbances, and delayed reproductive maturation. Diagnosis is established through clinical evaluation, IGF-1 measurement as an indicator of GH activity, and radiographic assessment of epiphyseal plate development. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between physiological abnormalities and clinical signs is crucial for early detection and appropriate management of dwarfism, providing a strong scientific foundation for understanding the hormonal mechanisms disrupted in this condition.

The Damahu waxy corn (Zea mays L. var. Damahu) is a local variety traditionally cultivated by the Gorontalo community and possesses significant potential for the development of functional food products. This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition of the Damahu waxy corn variety originating from Bontula Village, Asparaga District, Gorontalo Regency, through proximate analysis. The corn samples were dried, milled, and analyzed using standard analytical procedures to quantify moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents. The results indicated that Damahu waxy corn flour contained 83.32% carbohydrates, 5.93% protein, 1.67% fat, 8.84% moisture, and 0.24% ash. This composition characterizes the Damahu variety as a good energy source. However, its protein content does not yet meet the minimum requirement set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for corn-based processed products. The nutritional profile highlights the potential of Damahu waxy corn for the development of nutritious and competitive local food products. This study provides an initial contribution to the documentation of Gorontalo’s indigenous corn varieties and offers a scientific foundation for the utilization of local germplasm to strengthen regional food security.

Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and chromatin instability are usually associated with male infertility and undermine the sperm DNA integrity. Recently, Vitamin K₂ (menaquinone) became a bioactive compound whose regulation action can be found in both apoptosis and transcriptional signaling. This study examines how Vitamin K₂ can be protective in the regulation of apoptotic pathways and stability in sperm chromatin by an integrative experimental and in silico analysis. Vitamin K₂ levels, DNA fragmentation level of infertile men's serum and semen samples (Aniline Blue), and the expression levels of apoptosis-associated genes (BAX, BCL-2, and CASP-3) in the samples were examined by qRT-PCR. The characterization of Vitamin K₂ binding affinity to apoptotic proteins was done using dynamics simulations. Findings showed that high levels of Vitamin K₂ had a significant positive correlation with reduced levels of DNA fragmentation and good control of apoptotic genes with reduced BAX and CASP-3 and increased expression of BCL-2. In general, the results indicate Vitamin K₂ as a potential regulator of sperm death and chromatin integrity that provides new therapeutic understanding on how male infertile patients can be treated.

Food security is a strategic issue related to meeting the basic needs of the community, in terms of availability, affordability, and sustainability. This study aims to describe community empowerment through a native chicken breeding program as an effort to improve food security in Pangkal Buluh Village, South Bangka Regency. The method used is a participatory approach that involves the community directly from the planning, socialization, training, implementation, to program evaluation stages. A total of 50 residents were involved as program targets, and each received four chicks, bringing the total number of chickens distributed to 200 native laying hens. The results showed enthusiasm and active participation from the community, both in attending training and in raising the chickens. The use of home yards as coops and local feed proved effective in reducing maintenance costs. This program has had a positive impact on the social aspect through the formation of livestock groups, the economic aspect with the potential for additional income from egg sales, and the food security aspect in the form of the availability of animal protein at the household level. Thus, the native laying hen breeding program can be a model for sustainable community empowerment in strengthening village food security.

Food security is a strategic issue related to meeting the basic needs of the community, in terms of availability, affordability, and sustainability. This study aims to describe community empowerment through a native chicken breeding program as an effort to improve food security in Pangkal Buluh Village, South Bangka Regency. The method used is a participatory approach that involves the community directly from the planning, socialization, training, implementation, to program evaluation stages. A total of 50 residents were involved as program targets, and each received four chicks, bringing the total number of chickens distributed to 200 native laying hens. The results showed enthusiasm and active participation from the community, both in attending training and in raising the chickens. The use of home yards as coops and local feed proved effective in reducing maintenance costs. This program has had a positive impact on the social aspect through the formation of livestock groups, the economic aspect with the potential for additional income from egg sales, and the food security aspect in the form of the availability of animal protein at the household level. Thus, the native laying hen breeding program can be a model for sustainable community empowerment in strengthening village food security.

Malnutrition issues such as stunting remain a serious problem in Dieng Village, despite the area's great potential in the agricultural sector. The main factors causing stunting include a lack of community knowledge about nutrition, low compliance with posyandu activities, and suboptimal food processing. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of mothers with stunted toddlers and pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) about balanced nutrition and stunting prevention efforts. The program targets 18 mothers with stunted toddlers and 2 pregnant women with CED. The activities included counseling sessions on the three types of food, balanced nutrition guidelines, and the importance of posyandu, using leaflets as media, followed by a cooking demonstration on how to make chicken and tofu nuggets as a high-protein menu that is easy to make. Based on the evaluation results, there was a significant increase in participants' knowledge, from an average pre-test score of 65% to 97.5% on the post-test. In addition, the enthusiasm and active participation of participants during the question and answer session showed that the combination of theoretical education and hands-on practice was effective in increasing awareness and understanding of nutrition and stunting prevention.

This study explores the effect of varying proportions of mocaf flour and tofu dregs flour on the physical and chemical characteristics of gluten-free cookies. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor: the proportion of mocaf flour and tofu dregs flour. The treatment levels were as follows: 45g mocaf flour + 15g tofu dregs flour, 30g mocaf flour + 30g tofu dregs flour, and 15g mocaf flour + 45g tofu dregs flour. Sensory evaluations (taste, aroma, appearance, and texture) and chemical analyses (moisture, protein, fat, and ash content) were conducted. The results indicate that the proportion of mocaf flour and tofu dregs flour significantly affects panelists' acceptance in terms of taste, aroma, and appearance. The most preferred formulation was 30g mocaf flour + 30g tofu dregs flour, with sensory scores of 3.80 for taste, 3.20 for aroma, 4.28 for texture, and 3.61 for appearance. Proximate analysis revealed that the product contained 2.58% moisture, 1.63% ash, 25.27% protein, and 24.86% fat.