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This research aims to examine the cultivation system of porang as an intercrop in pine forests, analyze production costs, revenue, and income, as well as assess the feasibility of porang farming in Jatirejo District, Mojokerto Regency. The research employed a census method with 20 purposively selected porang farmers as respondents. Data were analyzed by calculating production costs, revenue, income, and the Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C). The results showed that most farmers applied the row planting system, which achieved higher productivity (4,507 kg/ha) compared to the random planting system (4,029 kg/ha), as orderly arrangement supports optimal growth. The average production cost in the row planting system was IDR 9,697,833, with revenue of IDR 42,250,000 and income of IDR 32,552,167. Meanwhile, the random planting system incurred an average production cost of IDR 8,369,500, with revenue of IDR 26,437,500 and income of IDR 18,068,000. The R/C ratio of the row planting system was higher, at 4.3, compared to 3.1 in the random planting system. These findings indicate that the row planting system is more profitable and cost-efficient, and porang farming is economically feasible to be developed as an intercrop in pine forests.

The issue of forest degradation caused by illegal logging in Indonesia poses a serious threat to ecosystem balance and the survival of wildlife. This condition highlights the need for effective visual communication media to deliver environmental education messages in a communicative and easily understandable manner. This study aims to design a 2D educational animation that illustrates the impact of illegal logging on forest ecosystems from the perspective of an endemic animal, the surili. The method used is a qualitative approach with animation production stages consisting of pre-production, production, and post-production. The pre-production stage includes idea development, research, scriptwriting, storyboard creation, and visual design. The production stage involves the creation of visual assets, backgrounds, and animation processes to construct the storyline. The post-production stage includes visual editing, audio integration, and rendering as the final output. The result of this study is a 2D animation entitled “Jaga Lingkungan Hindari Kepunahan Alam,” which presents a structured narrative to effectively convey educational messages. The implications of this work indicate that animation as an educational medium can enhance public awareness of the impacts of illegal logging and emphasize that forest destruction affects not only wildlife but also humans as part of the ecosystem.

Detection and identification of plant diseases is critical to the success and efficiency of agricultural production. Plant disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent throughout the world, and the presence of these diseases in cultivated plants has a significant impact on productivity. Therefore, researchers are focusing on developing effective and reliable plant disease detection methods. Thus, farmers can take advantage of early detection of this disease to minimize future losses. This article discusses machine learning approaches as well as decision trees, K-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, support vector machines (SVM), and random forests for detecting coffee leaf diseases using leaf images. The above-mentioned classifications were researched and compared to determine the most suitable plant disease prediction model with the highest accuracy. Compared with other classification algorithms, the SVM algorithm achieves the highest accuracy of 99.75%. All the models trained above will be used by farmers to quickly identify and classify new diseases in images as a prevention strategy. As a preventive measure, farmers can detect and classify new diseases in images early.

Jambi Province is one of the largest natural rubber producing regions in Indonesia; however, rubber factories under GAPKINDO Jambi still face productivity issues, particularly the gap between production capacity and actual output, and productivity assessment that is still conducted manually by GAPKINDO Jambi. This study employs Decision Tree, Random Forest, KNN, and SVM algorithms within a structured pipeline involving preprocessing, feature selection, standardization, data balancing using SMOTE, and hyperparameter tuning. The proposed solution applies productivity level classification both individually and through paired combinations (ensemble voting). The results show that the Decision Tree + Random Forest model achieves the best performance with an accuracy of 0.84 and an F1-score of 0.83, confirming the effectiveness of ensemble methods in supporting productivity improvement decisions.

Muaro Jambi Regency is one of the main centers of smallholder oil palm plantations that plays an important role in the economy of Jambi Province through its contribution to crude palm oil (CPO) exports and tax revenues. This study aims to analyze farmer characteristics and the effects of land area (X1), plant age (X2), forest and land fire impacts (X3), labor (X4), and fertilizer use (X5) on the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of smallholder oil palm in Kumpeh District. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with primary data collected through a survey of 139 respondents and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 25. The results show that the average characteristics of farmers include an age of 44 years, an average of 2 dependents, land area of 2 hectares, plant age of 10 years, high fire impact scores, labor use of 2 workers, fertilizer use of 1,120 kg, and production of 20,000 kg. The regression results indicate that land area, plant age, and fertilizer use have a significant effect on production, while labor and forest and land fires do not have a significant effect on smallholder oil palm production.

Mangroves play a crucial strategic role in maintaining coastal ecosystem balance, serving as habitats for aquatic organisms and functioning as natural biofilters that help reduce pollution. Nevertheless, mangrove degradation in Indonesia, including in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, remains a significant challenge caused by human activities such as aquaculture expansion, settlement growth, and industrial development. Muara Badak Ulu Village, located within this regency, possesses extensive mangrove resources that require integrated conservation strategies. This community service program was carried out in collaboration with the Salo Sumbala Forest Farmers Group (KTH) to promote conservation, sustainable economic development, and local community empowerment. The activities included the installation of educational banners, community-based mangrove replanting, and the production of a profile video highlighting local potential. Over a 40-day period, these initiatives received enthusiastic responses from local residents, reflecting increased awareness of the ecological and economic importance of mangroves. The program emphasized participatory approaches, where local community members, particularly KTH, were actively engaged in every stage of planning and implementation. Beyond ecological benefits, the initiative is expected to support sustainable management of non-timber forest products, enhance economic opportunities, and strengthen environmental stewardship among coastal communities. Overall, this program demonstrates that community-driven mangrove conservation can generate multiple impacts: restoring degraded ecosystems, fostering collective awareness, and building resilience in coastal areas facing environmental challenges. Thus, the collaboration between higher education institutions and local communities provides a practical model for achieving sustainable development and environmental preservation.

Tropical forests play an important role as carbon sinks and biomass stores, including through the litter produced by vegetation. Litter contributes to nutrient cycling, maintains soil fertility, and is an important component of ecosystem carbon reserves. This study aims to estimate the biomass and carbon content of litter in the Jaboi Hot Spring Flow Area, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. The study was conducted in June 2025 using a 100 m long line transect method with four transects, each consisting of 18 1 x 1 m plots. Leaf litter samples were collected, their wet weight was measured, dried in an oven for 48 hours, and their carbon content was calculated based on the percentage of organic carbon of 0.47. The results showed a total litter biomass of 8,106 kg/m² with an average of 2,027 kg/m², and a total litter carbon of 3,809 kg/m² with an average of 0,952 kg/m². The highest values were found at Station 3 (2,354 kg/m² and 1,106 kg/m²) and the lowest at Station 1 (1,691 kg/m² and 0,795 kg/m²). Variations in values are influenced by soil physical-chemical factors, vegetation density, and climatic conditions, which influence production and decomposition rates. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring biomass and litter carbon to support forest management and conservation.

Reciprocal tariff changes imposed by the United States on its trading partner countries including Indonesia, create changes in export and import tariffs in Indonesia which result in a significant impact on the Indonesian economy, which has an impact on export and import sectors such as oil and gas, then non-oil and gas which includes processing industries, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining as well as consumer goods, raw / auxiliary materials, and capital goods. This research aims to analyze the impact of exports and imports in the country of Indonesia due to the reciprocal tax rate policy implemented by the United States. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of content analysis, which involves collecting data from news articles, research reports, and relevant academic publications. The results showed that the imposition of reciprocal tariffs imposed by the United States against Indonesia caused an increase in imports from 2017 to 2020 by 1.38% in the consumer goods sector. On the other hand, the export side decreased in the oil and gas sector from 2017 to 2020 by 2.37% which resulted in disruption of economic stability in the global supply chain that created inflation, and increased imports in Indonesia resulted in competing local product prices with imported products so that many Indonesian manufacturing companies reduced production and terminated employment. From this research, it is expected that Indonesia will be able to maximize the opportunities that exist from the changes and challenges of global trade.

Environmental law enforcement provides space for environmental organizations to file lawsuits in the interests of environmental conservation as regulated in Article 92 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. However, in practice, the right to sue environmental organizations is not always accepted by the courts, especially when it concerns certain areas such as Limited Production Forests. This study aims to analyze the material of environmental organizations' lawsuits based on Decree Number 16/PDT.G/LH/2023/PN.BKN. This study uses a normative juridical method and a case study approach with data sources in the form of court decision documents and related laws and regulations. The results of the study show that in this case, this Decision shows that it recognizes the active role of environmental organizations in supervising and suing permit applications for forest areas. In this case, the plaintiff organization argued that the defendant's actions in carrying out exploitation activities in the Limited Production Forest area had violated the law and harmed the ecological function of the forest, thus fulfilling the elements of an unlawful act as regulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code. This finding resulted in an understanding of the analysis related to the material of the environmental organization's right to sue as an instrument of social control and supervision of forest area utilization policies.

This study aims to determine Community Participation and Factors Influencing Community Participation in Reducing Damage to Production Forest Areas in Polobangkeng Utara District, Takalar Regency. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. It is said to be qualitative because the main data source in this study is in the form of approaches and actions of people who are observed and interviewed. The location of this research is in Polombangkeng Utara District, Takalar Regency. The research informants are sources who are considered to have extensive knowledge related to the problems being studied, namely the Head of Polombangkeng Utara District, Head of Barugaya Village, Head of Ko'mare Village, Head of Kale Ko'mare Village, Community. The results of the study are Community participation in preventing production forest fires is good, this is evidenced by the involvement, support and responsibility of the community in reducing forest fires. Factors that influence community participation are Community knowledge is more aware of the dangers of forest fires in the environment. Community awareness is good because more people care about production forests.

Ketoprak as a form of traditional Javanese theater has the characteristics of historical storytelling or legend supported by artistic elements such as music, dialogue, clothing, and stage settings. In its development towards a modern form of ketoprak, the use of multimedia technology has become one of the significant innovations, especially in the creation of performance settings. This article examines in depth the function of multimedia in supporting the creation of modern ketoprak settings, both from aesthetic, dramatic, and production efficiency aspects. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection through observation of ketoprak performances that integrate multimedia, in-depth interviews with directors, artistic stylists, and multimedia technicians, and literature studies that discuss contemporary performing arts. The results of the study show that multimedia plays an important role in building richer imaginative atmospheres and spaces and allows for the depiction of complex settings such as palaces, forests, or battlefields quickly and effectively. In addition, multimedia expands visual possibilities through projection of images, videos, and dynamic light effects that cannot be achieved with traditional physical properties alone. The multimedia function has also been proven to enhance the viewer experience by presenting a more modern visual sensation without losing the traditional identity of ketoprak. These findings indicate that multimedia serves not only as a complement, but also as an integral element that influences the overall aesthetic, reinforces dramatic messages, and facilitates transitions between scenes.

Oyster mushroom cultivation is one of the non-timber forest products that is underutilized by farmers. Oyster mushrooms have quite promising business opportunities to be developed well and do not require large amounts of capital. This activity aims to introduce and provide training on oyster mushroom cultivation to farmers in Watu Village, Marioriwawo District, Soppeng Regency. The service method is carried out in several stages. First, introduction and presentation of material regarding the prospects and cultivation techniques as well as the benefits of oyster mushrooms. Second, mushroom cultivation training is carried out by filling the planting media (baglog), sterilization, inoculation, and incubation. Third, interactive discussions with the farmers involved. Data collection by monitoring the mushrooms that have been maintained to see the growth of the fungus and any contamination in the baglog during the incubation period. The participants are trained to manage baglog production through to the harvest process, to ensure sustainability and profits from cultivating this mushroom. This initiative is expected to support the development of alternative livelihoods and contribute to the economic resilience of local communities while introducing environmentally friendly agricultural practices. It is hoped that the success of this training can become a model for similar rural development projects in other region.

Companies operating in the electricity accumulator industry sector, in the production process produce waste in the form of hazardous and toxic materials (B3). The management of B3 waste is carried out based on the provisions stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 6 of 2021 concerning Procedures and Requirements for Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management. Therefore, the waste generated requires special handling to prevent environmental pollution. Therefore, the waste generated requires special handling so as not to pollute the environment. Hazardous waste management in the electricity accumulator industry includes various stages, both for waste in the solid and liquid phases, namely identification, inventory, packaging, labeling and symbolization, storage, and transportation carried out by third parties. This research aims to assess the current condition of hazardous waste management in the electricity accumulator industry, evaluate it, and provide recommendations that are in line with applicable regulations. The research method used is a descriptive approach. In the inventory process, the electricity accumulator industry requires Temporary Storage Sites (TPS) to store B3 waste before transportation by third parties.

Hydroponic plant cultivation is booming, but stock and sales are hard to predict. Poor prediction can cause farmers to overstock and lose money. This study suggests a framework that uses several machine learning models, including Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting. "Ensemble Learning," which combines these models, should yield more accurate and generalizable results than a single model. This framework is assessed using historical hydroponic plant sales data and related factors like price, weather, and market trends. The model's performance is measured by the difference between predictions and actual values using RMSE and MAE metrics. This framework should improve hydroponic plant stock and sales predictions. Farmers can make better production, inventory, and harvest distribution decisions. Besides reducing financial losses, this reduces food waste and improves food security.

Paopao Village, Tanete Rilau District, Barru Regency, is one of the centers of cattle farming, as well as one of the sub-districts that received an allocation of Limited Production Forest management so that community groups who are members of the Forest Farmer Group (FFG) can apply the Agroforestry agricultural pattern, which was later developed into an Agrosylvopastura pattern with the management of animal feed crops. During this time, traditional livestock breeding communities still rely on natural feed and plant waste which is increasingly difficult to obtain,in extreme climatic conditions. Plant management in the Agroforestry system is also not optimal. The Community Empowerment Activity implements training and counseling activities as well as a demoplot of Agroforestry management management based on the application of environmentally friendly and sustainable Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) principles in Paopao village, to increase Agroforestry yields.  The method applied at this stage of activities is through the principle of learning by doing, starts from Problem Identification, Planning and Implementation program, and Evaluation of Success and Assistance for Sustainability. In addition to being equipped with knowledge of the implementation of GAP Principles, a demonstration plot for breeding and maintaining Indigofera sp. feed plants, as well as the practice of making complete cattle feed (Complete Feed) so that the community is able to process various natural ingredients into a complete feed formulation. Community empowerment was improved through counseling and training on livestock and crop management. Successful activities increase community knowledge in managing Agroforestry and Agrosylvopastura in an integrated manner based on GAP, as well as the technical ability to make complete feed formulations for cattle in a sustainable manner.

The largest contributor to local revenue in Pasuruan Regency is coffee, Puspo as a coffee plantation area also has a very valuable natural wealth and many benefits, namely forest honey. So far, coffee and honey productivity has only met the Pasuruan Regency area, through coaching, it is hoped that there will be an expansion of the marketing area and interest throughout Indonesia. This study aims to provide coaching to MSMEs in the Puspo area to improve the family economy by developing Gondosuli coffee and forest honey businesses. This research method is qualitative, with a case study as an approach, the interview technique used involves the main informant of the business owner and the supporting informant is a member of the Puspo MSME association, Pasuruan Regency. Data collection techniques using interviews, observations, and documentation. The results obtained from this study are Gondosuli Coffee which is identical to plantation products in the Puspo area has a distinctive taste of both Arabica, Robusta and Liberica, as well as forest honey from wasps. Puspo natural forest honey is a type of honey produced by wild bees that live in the Puspo Pasuruan forest area. The natural potential that is the advantage of the region is certainly not owned by other regions besides Puspo Pasuruan Regency. The obstacle faced by MSMEs in penetrating the national market is that all demand for packaged coffee and forest honey throughout Indonesia has not been met due to limited packaging technology so that production capacity is not large enough. There is no coffee storage warehouse that can help with the availability of coffee for all times. The contribution of research to help coffee and forest honey farmers in improving the family economy, with more durable packaging, is practically able to reach consumers throughout Indonesia.

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning indicates that the preparation of spatial planning plans must cover land space, sea space and air space, including space inside the earth, arranged in stages and ultimately the spatial planning plan is determined with their respective regional regulations. The method used in the research is the survey method. The type of research used is quantitative and descriptive qualitative research. Meanwhile, the quantitative approach results from the public's perception that the results of existing research show a variety of public attitudes and views towards government policies, ranging from full support to dissatisfaction. Based on the spatial plan on the Jayapura City Cultivation Area Plan Map for 2023-2033, there are 7 (seven) namely Convertible Forest Land, Protected Area, Livestock Land Area, Fishery Area, Limited Production Forest Area and Food Crop Area, from the results of a survey conducted by author at the research location there have been changes in the Convertible Forest land area as a result of development activities and the reduction in land area in the Cultivation Area which initially had an area of ​​523,847 Ha, has been reduced to 523,790 or 0.01%, where housing has a larger area, namely 13,665 Ha. And land changes have also occurred in the Limited Production Forest Area, which initially had an area of ​​430,048 Ha, has undergone changes and been reduced to 121,027 Ha or 14%, this is because there is agricultural land with an area of ​​19,409 Ha in the Limited Production Forest Land area experiencing changes. which is quite big.

This research was conducted because Sungai Pakning Village, Bengkalis Regency, was one of the areas that experienced land and forest fires that occurred in Riau Province in 2015. So far, peatland management has often failed, both by the government and companies. One of their failures is that they only focus on land restoration and ignore community empowerment. With the independent peat village program created by PT. Pertamina RU II Production, Sungai Pakning, Bengkalis Regency. Among the independent peat village programs, there is an environmental conservation program which has become the center of attention for environmental observers, namely the development of peat forests to manage pineapple products. This research aims to determine the capacity development of the Tunas Makmur Farmer group in managing pineapple products and to find out what are the supporting factors for capacity development in the Tunas Makmur Farmer group in Sungai Pakning, Bengkalis Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. Data was obtained through interviews and field observations. The results of this research show that the capacity development measure according to Ilato has demonstrated good capacity in aspects of organizational structure, decision making processes, work procedures and mechanisms and inter-organizational relationships. Good capacity development is supported by 1) facilities and infrastructure, which are being developed continuously, 2) good cooperation between various parties or institutions involved in developing the capacity of the Tunas Makmur Farmers Group.

State Administrative Law is a legal regulation regarding administration in a country, where the relationship between citizens and their government can run well and safely. In forest management, the need for permits is based on absolute legal provisions which have aspects that must be fulfilled beforehand and regarding the boundaries of each activity in managing forests, the government agrees to supervise them based on Law no. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry Article 31 paragraph (1) To ensure the principles of justice, equity and sustainability, forest utilization business permits are limited by considering forest sustainability aspects and business certainty aspects. The aim of the research is to determine aspects of forest management. The research method used in this research is literature study by collecting data through articles, the web, books and other sources. The results of the discussion of this research are that forest utilization business permits are limited by considering forest sustainability aspects and business certainty aspects, where these aspects are determinants in managing forests which have been considered previously. The meaning of forest sustainability aspects and business certainty is contained in Article 31 Paragraph (1). What is meant by forest sustainability aspects includes: a. environmental sustainability, b. production sustainability, and c. implementation of social and cultural functions that are fair, even and transparent.  What is meant by aspects of business certainty include: a. area certainty, b. certainty of business time, and c. certainty of business legal guarantees.

The development of modern society in the process of globalization and industrialization has had a huge impact on forest sustainability as a support for life and in the world's biological life. The existence of forests is of course very much needed considering that forests are not only a source of wood production but are also an integral part of the environment, forests are open areas that make people's access to use them very large which causes logging and timber theft. In order for this to happen more often, this problem must be addressed immediately for the sake of the preservation of forest ecosystems in Indonesia. This journal writing uses normative research methods, normative methods are used with a statutory approach and use reference materials from book sources or other scientific research. As for the results of this study, the regulation of illegal logging is contained in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry in Article 50 which regulates prohibitions for anyone who carries out activities in the form of logging, Article 50 also discusses the prohibition of carrying out forest destruction activities. and confiscation of forest resources in violation of laws and regulations or without permission from interested parties, namely forestry officials.