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This study aims to analyze the religious and spiritual symbols represented in the film Titip Surat untuk Tuhan through Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach, focusing on the three levels of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using semiotic analysis based on document studies of selected scenes, dialogues, and visual elements portraying religious values, prayer, sacrifice, patience, hope, gratitude, and trust in God. The findings reveal that symbols such as the mosque, mukena, sarong, prayer mat, the Qur’an, prayer activities, the post office as a medium for sending letters to God, and the calligraphy of “Allah” and “Prophet Muhammad” on the walls function not only as literal signs but also convey profound religious and spiritual connotations. These symbols further develop into myths that reinforce religious norms and cultural beliefs accepted as natural within society. The film successfully constructs a subtle yet powerful representation of faith by portraying a Muslim family that upholds devotion, moral values, patience, compassion, and an enduring relationship with God. Overall, the film demonstrates how religious symbols effectively communicate spiritual messages while strengthening viewers’ understanding of Islamic values through visual and narrative storytelling.

This study aims to examine the influence of price and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on purchase decisions among Generation Z consumers in Campaka Subdistrict, Bandung City, with a specific focus on the TikTok Shop platform. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to Generation Z consumers in Campaka Subdistrict, Bandung City, with a total of 98 respondents to collect the data. The results of the study indicate that both price and electronic word of mouth have a significant positive effect on purchase decisions among Generation Z consumers in Campaka Subdistrict, Bandung City. Price is generally perceived as good, although aspects related to price suitability based on income levels and purchasing power still show some weaknesses. Similarly, e-WOM activity is considered positive; however, there are still relatively weak aspects regarding the diversity of consumer reviews, as not all respondents actively pay attention to the variation of opinions in reviews. The findings also reveal a significant influence of these variables, where the effect of price on purchase decisions reaches 35.4%, while electronic word of mouth contributes 29.5%, and the combined effect of price and electronic word of mouth on purchase decisions is 64.9%. This study concludes that improvements in price perception and e-WOM can enhance purchase decisions.

The phenomenon of hate speech on social media, particularly on platform X, has intensified alongside the increasing level of public interaction within open and largely unregulated digital spaces. This condition not only generates communicative conflicts but also shapes complex social experiences for individuals, particularly in relation to identity, emotion, and power relations. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of how hate speech is constructed, interpreted, and negotiated by users within the context of digital interaction. Employing a qualitative approach with a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and digital document analysis involving 10–15 active users of platform X who have experienced hate speech. Data were analyzed thematically by identifying patterns of meaning emerging from participants’ experiences. The findings reveal three major themes: hate speech as a lingering yet normalized emotional experience; discourse as a site for the reproduction of power and identity delegitimization; and self-negotiation strategies employed by participants to survive within digital spaces. These findings indicate that hate speech operates not only at the linguistic level but also in shaping users’ social and psychological realities. Theoretically, this study reinforces Critical Discourse Analysis by emphasizing the importance of subjective experience in interpreting discursive practices. Practically, it contributes to the development of digital literacy, content moderation policies, and efforts to create more inclusive and reflective communication spaces in the digital era.

The digital transformation in Indonesia’s banking sector has significantly increased the use of digital banking services; however, it has not been fully accompanied by optimal customer trust. This study aims to examine the effect of perceived risk, data privacy protection, and digital service quality on customer trust, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from 150 digital banking users in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that perceived risk has a negative and significant effect on trust, while data privacy protection and digital service quality have positive and significant effects on trust. Simultaneously, all variables significantly influence trust, with an R² value of 0.672, indicating strong explanatory power. Compared to prior studies, this research contributes novelty by integrating these three variables into a comprehensive model. The findings reveal that digital service quality is the most dominant factor influencing customer trust. This study concludes that enhancing customer trust requires an integrated approach through effective risk management, strengthened data protection, and continuous improvement in digital service quality.

Algorithmic technologies are widely used in contemporary marketing strategies due to the growth of the digital economy. Digital companies can evaluate consumer activity data in real time and provide highly personalized digital experiences thanks to artificial intelligence-based solutions, especially machine learning. In addition to examining how algorithmic governance and surveillance capitalism affect algorithmic personalization, this study looks into how these mechanisms affect consumer engagement, purchase intention, and perceptions of hyperreality within the digital market ecosystem. 356 active users of digital platforms, such as social media and e-commerce, were surveyed as part of this study's quantitative methodology. The links between the constructs in the suggested conceptual model were examined through data analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that the development of algorithmic personalization systems is strongly influenced by data-driven capitalism practices and algorithmic governance. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that algorithmic personalization improves customers' sense of hyperreality and increases their interaction with digital platforms. Additionally, the study shows that the most powerful factor influencing purchase intention is consumer interaction. By combining viewpoints from technology, the political economics of data, and hyperreality theory into a thorough empirical framework, these findings add to the body of knowledge on digital marketing.

This study describes a comparative analysis of public financial systems in the ancient world, medieval Europe, and early Islam from a social justice perspective. The purpose of this study is to analyze the public financial systems of the ancient world, medieval Europe, and early Islam from a social justice perspective. The research method is qualitative. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the ancient world had an administratively efficient financial system but was highly centered on the power of the ruler, resulting in high social inequality. In medieval Europe, the financial system was influenced by feudalism and religious values, but was fragmented and dependent on the elite, resulting in an unequal distribution of wealth. Meanwhile, early Islam presented a more structured financial system through the Baitul Mal (Financial Treasury) and instruments such as zakat, kharaj, and jizyah, oriented towards social justice and wealth redistribution. However, all three systems have their respective weaknesses, especially in aspects of implementation, accountability, and equity. This study concludes that social justice in the public financial system requires the integration of institutional efficiency, ethical values, and strong redistribution mechanisms.

 Dental and oral health is an essential part of overall bodily health. The high prevalence of caries and cavities in children is generally caused by a lack of tooth-brushing skills. Incorrect techniques and improper duration cause food residue to remain, which ultimately triggers the demineralization of the tooth enamel. This socialization activity aims to provide education on the importance of brushing teeth with correct and effective techniques for elementary school students. The activity was conducted at SDIT Al-Azhar Kediri City, using a practical and interactive simulation approach; starting with a PowerPoint presentation, followed by a demonstration of proper tooth-brushing techniques using teaching aids. There were 84 children involved in this activity, and the results showed that approximately 90% of the participants could correctly answer the questions provided. Consequently, this socialization activity successfully increased the participants' knowledge and understanding of maintaining dental and oral health

 Dental and oral health is an essential part of overall bodily health. The high prevalence of caries and cavities in children is generally caused by a lack of tooth-brushing skills. Incorrect techniques and improper duration cause food residue to remain, which ultimately triggers the demineralization of the tooth enamel. This socialization activity aims to provide education on the importance of brushing teeth with correct and effective techniques for elementary school students. The activity was conducted at SDIT Al-Azhar Kediri City, using a practical and interactive simulation approach; starting with a PowerPoint presentation, followed by a demonstration of proper tooth-brushing techniques using teaching aids. There were 84 children involved in this activity, and the results showed that approximately 90% of the participants could correctly answer the questions provided. Consequently, this socialization activity successfully increased the participants' knowledge and understanding of maintaining dental and oral health

The development of Indonesia’s traditional cuisine faces significant hurdles as shifting consumer preferences increasingly favor modern food options. This trend necessitates innovative approaches to ensure local culinary heritage remains competitive. This study examines the role of sociopreneurship as an innovation strategy at Ingkung Djawa Waroeng Ndesso. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative design, the research gathered insights from the business owner and employees selected via purposive sampling. Data collection involved interviews, observations, and documentation, with validity ensured through source triangulation. The analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that implementing sociopreneurship effectively integrates economic and social objectives by preserving authentic recipes, empowering local communities, and generating employment. Key innovations include diversifying product offerings while maintaining authenticity and leveraging social media for strategic marketing. These results demonstrate that social entrepreneurship serves as a powerful mechanism for enhancing business competitiveness while safeguarding cultural sustainability. The study implies that traditional culinary development can be successfully managed through a sociopreneurial framework, allowing for modern innovation without compromising core cultural values. Consequently, this model offers a sustainable pathway for traditional businesses to thrive amidst the challenges of contemporary market globalization.

The need for housing is increasingly pressing with population growth and urbanization, while affordability remains a challenge for single-income households. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the impact of price also location on home purchase decisions using a literature review. This approach involves reviewing, analyzing, and synthesizing various relevant literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, undergraduate theses, also previous investigation reports that discuss factors influencing home purchase decisions. The study concludes that price plays a positive also significant role in home purchase decisions, as consumers prefer homes with prices commensurate with their purchasing power and the quality offered. Location has also been shown to influence decisions, particularly when housing is conveniently situated at a key location  and the availability of public facilities. However, certain studies indicate that price and location are not always the primary determinants of decision-making, as other variables such as promotion, brand image, product quality, and lifestyle also play a role.

Investment decisions in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) are influenced by fundamental analysis and stock price fluctuations. Stock prices reflect market perceptions shaped by profitability, liquidity, and capital structure. This study examines the effects of Return on Assets (ROA), Current Ratio (CR), and Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) on stock prices, both partially and simultaneously. Using a quantitative approach, the study analyzes secondary data from audited financial statements and stock prices of 12 pharmaceutical companies during 2022–2024, totaling 36 observations. Panel data regression with EViews 12 is applied. Results show that ROA and DER have positive and significant effects on stock prices, while CR has a negative but insignificant effect. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence stock prices, with an adjusted R² of 73%, indicating strong explanatory power. Profitability (ROA) is the most influential factor, followed by capital structure (DER), while liquidity (CR) shows no significant impact.

This article critically examines the training program document for mentors of First Communion candidates at St. Paul Pringgolayan Parish as an institutional religious text. The study employs Peter L. Berger’s theory of the social construction of reality and Michel Foucault’s discourse analysis of power as its analytical framework. Using a qualitative interpretive method, the research conducts an in-depth textual analysis of the document’s narrative structure, normative language, actor relations, and mechanisms of legitimation. The findings reveal that the text is not merely a plan and report of pastoral activities; it also functions as an institutional apparatus that reproduces religious reality while shaping subjects of faith through pedagogical, ritual, and administrative systems. This article argues that pastoral documents can be understood as pastoral social technologies that operate through language to structure religious experience, regulate the distribution of authority, and instill norms of faith practice. These findings contribute to the sociology of religion by demonstrating how faith formation practices at the local level constitute a concrete locus of interaction between the construction of religious meaning and the operation of discursive power.

Digital transformation has brought fundamental changes to the structure and dynamics of modern industrial economics. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data not only modify production and distribution processes but also revolutionize marketing strategies and patterns of industrial competition. This study is motivated by the need to understand how digital marketing transformation influences the development of competitive advantage through changes in digital market structure from an industrial economics perspective. In this context, digital marketing functions as a strategic instrument that integrates technology, data, and consumer behavior into market mechanisms. The analysis shows that digitalization creates a network-based market structure characterized by the concentration of economic power in major digital platforms and dominance in data control. This structure affects the intensity of competition, the direction of innovation, and patterns of industry differentiation. Digital marketing transformation enhances efficiency, expands market access, and lowers entry barriers for new players, yet it also creates competitive imbalances due to the dominance of large platforms.Through a digital Structure–Conduct–Performance (SCP) approach, the study finds that market structure acts as an intermediary variable that channels the impact of digitalization on competitive advantage. Digitalization significantly promotes industrial efficiency, innovation, and profitability. Proposed strategic solutions include strengthening digital literacy, developing adaptive regulations, and fostering cross-sector collaboration to create an inclusive, competitive, and sustainable digital industrial ecosystem

This study aims to elaborate on the determinants of consumer purchasing decisions by emphasizing the role of social media, trust levels, and product quality in the Blibli e-commerce ecosystem in Batam City. The applied methodological framework is based on a descriptive quantitative approach involving 204 respondents with active transaction track records, selected through a purposive sampling technique based on the Jacob Cohen formula to ensure proportionality and validity of sample representation. Empirical data were collected through a structured questionnaire, then processed using comprehensive statistical analysis stages that include instrument validity and reliability testing, classical assumption evaluation, multiple linear regression modeling, and hypothesis testing through partial (t) and simultaneous (F) tests. The analysis results revealed that social media intensity contributed 14.1% to purchasing decisions, trust influenced 36.0%, while product quality influenced 40.4%. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 86.4% indicates that the three exogenous variables simultaneously have substantial explanatory power towards variations in purchasing decisions. The t-test and F-test findings consistently confirm the significant influence of both individual and collective factors, thus confirming that strengthening digital presence, platform credibility, and consistent product quality are strategic foundations in guiding the preferences and purchasing intentions of Blibli consumers in Batam City.

This study was conducted to systematically explore the influence of the level of ease of transactions and the quality of e-commerce services on the process of determining consumer purchasing decisions in Batam City. The research framework was built with a descriptive-oriented quantitative approach through the involvement of 100 respondents who actively utilize digital transaction services, which were determined using a purposive sampling technique based on the Lemeshow formulation to ensure the adequacy and representativeness of the sample. Empirical data were collected through a structured questionnaire and then processed using statistical analysis stages that included testing the validity and reliability of the instrument, evaluation of classical assumptions, multiple linear regression modeling, and verification of hypotheses through t-tests and F-tests. The results of data processing revealed that the variable of ease of transactions contributed 18.8% to purchasing decisions, while service quality contributed an influence of 63.5%. The coefficient of determination (R²) reaching 73.3% indicates that both independent variables simultaneously have substantial explanatory power towards variations in consumer purchasing behavior. Both partial and simultaneous testing confirmed a significant influence, thus confirming that simplifying transaction mechanisms and strengthening digital service quality are strategic determinants in driving e-commerce consumer purchasing decisions in Batam City.

This study aims to explain the context of the Value Added Tax (VAT) increase policy and its relevance to the trade sector, while also presenting a framework for analyzing the tax burden. The data sources used consist of publications from the last four years, namely from 2021 to 2024. The observed phenomena are then analyzed using various secondary data obtained from scientific journals, official government reports, and other reliable sources relevant to the research topic, in order to provide a comprehensive overview. The conclusions are drawn based on empirical facts, the impacts of the tax increase, and the government’s mitigation efforts to ensure taxpayer compliance. The increase in the VAT rate represents an important step in fiscal reform aimed at increasing state revenue and reducing the budget deficit. This policy has significant potential to support the growth of the national budget, particularly in financing priority sectors such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare. However, the VAT increase may also affect consumers’ purchasing power and trade activities, thus requiring appropriate supporting policies to minimize negative impacts. Therefore, it is expected that this policy will contribute to sustainable economic stability and promote long-term national economic growth.

Global economic uncertainty and exchange rate fluctuations pose significant challenges to monetary stability in Indonesia, particularly in maintaining a controlled inflation rate. This study aims to analyze the transmission mechanism of the rupiah exchange rate to the inflation rate in Indonesia from 2015 to 2024. The method used in this study is library research by collecting, reviewing, and synthesizing data from various scientific literature, official central bank reports, and related journal articles published over the past decade. The research findings indicate that rupiah depreciation has a significant influence on rising inflation through the imported inflation channel, where currency depreciation increases the cost of raw materials for industries dependent on foreign markets. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the effectiveness of this transmission is influenced by public expectations and monetary policy taken by Bank Indonesia through adjustments to the benchmark interest rate. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of synergy between a stable exchange rate policy and controlling the supply of domestic goods to minimize the impact of external shocks on public purchasing power. The government and monetary authorities are advised to continue strengthening foreign exchange reserves and encouraging the use of local currencies in international transactions to reduce dependence on the United States dollar and maintain national price stability.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) constitute a pivotal pillar of local economic resilience in Bandar Lampung, particularly in the fashion, salon and beauty, and professional service sectors. Notwithstanding their considerable growth potential, many MSMEs continue to encounter structural constraints that impede business expansion, most notably limited entrepreneurial capability, restricted access to capital, and the suboptimal utilization of digital marketing. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of entrepreneurship training, capital access, and digital marketing strategy on MSME business expansion. This research employed a quantitative explanatory design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from 100 MSME owners selected through purposive sampling from a population of 2,785 enterprises, and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The findings reveal that entrepreneurship training does not exert a statistically significant effect on business expansion (B = 0.000; p = 0.998), indicating that training, in isolation, has not yet been effectively translated into concrete growth-oriented business practices. By contrast, access to capital has a positive and significant effect (B = 0.263; p = 0.001), demonstrating that financial accessibility enhances operational scale and market development. More importantly, digital marketing strategy emerges as the most influential determinant of business expansion (B = 0.593; p < 0.001), confirming that digital platform utilization substantially strengthens market reach, customer engagement, and business competitiveness. Simultaneously, the three variables significantly affect MSME expansion (F = 34.061; p < 0.001), with an explanatory power of 51.6%. It can therefore be concluded that MSME expansion is primarily driven by the synergy of financial accessibility and digital market adaptation, while entrepreneurship training becomes meaningful only when effectively operationalized within business practice.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the geopolitical conflict between the United States, Israel, and Iran in 2026 on global macroeconomic stability and climate change dynamics. Using a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this research synthesizes findings from various international journal articles, reports, and academic sources. The results indicate that the conflict has significantly disrupted global energy markets, leading to a sharp increase in oil and gas prices. This energy shock has triggered global inflationary pressures, reduced purchasing power, and increased economic uncertainty across both developed and developing countries. Furthermore, monetary tightening policies implemented to control inflation have created trade-offs with economic growth, increasing the risk of global recession. On the fiscal side, government interventions such as energy subsidies have helped mitigate short-term impacts but have raised concerns about long-term fiscal sustainability. In addition, the energy crisis has slowed the transition toward renewable energy, thereby exacerbating climate change risks. The study highlights the interconnectedness between geopolitical conflict, macroeconomic instability, and environmental sustainability. Therefore, coordinated global policies and integrated economic strategies are essential to address these multidimensional challenges effectively.

MSMEs play a dominant role in the Indonesian economy, but their contribution to the international market remains relatively limited. This situation indicates that the readiness for internationalisation of MSMEs remains a significant issue, particularly in relation to innovation and digitalisation capabilities as strategic resources. This study aims to analyse the influence of innovation and digitalisation on the readiness for internationalisation of MSMEs in Indonesia using the Resource-Based View approach. The study employs an explanatory quantitative design with a survey approach involving 200 owners or primary managers of SMEs in East Java, selected via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using SEM-PLS. The results indicate that innovation and digitalisation have a positive and significant influence on the internationalisation readiness of SMEs. Digitalisation demonstrates a stronger influence than innovation. The structural model also exhibits adequate explanatory and predictive power. These findings confirm that internationalisation readiness is determined not only by market opportunities but also by the ability of SMEs to strategically manage innovation and digital technology. The implications of this study emphasise the importance of strengthening innovation and digitalisation capabilities as the foundation for formulating SME development strategies that are better prepared to enter international markets.