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This study aims to improve the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade elementary school students in understanding the concept of fractions through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The background of this study focuses on students' still low abilities in: (1) analyzing mathematical problems; (2) planning solution strategies; (3) drawing logical conclusions when working on fraction problems. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) design model Kemmis & McTaggart which was implemented at SD Negeri 2 Tahunan during the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The research subjects consisted of 23 fourth-grade students who were selected purposively based on the results of the initial diagnosis. Data collection techniques were carried out by triangulation through: (1) formative evaluation tests; (2) participatory observation sheets; (3) learning video documentation; and (4) field notes. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively with a comparative descriptive approach. The results showed that the application of the PBL model was proven to be effective in improving: (1) students' critical thinking skills on average from 39.13 (low category) to 92.61 (very good category); (2) classical completeness from 8.7% to 91.3%; and (3) learning activities became more meaningful. Statistical analysis of paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (t=19.09; p<0.05) between before and after treatment. Other important findings include: (1) an increase in students' questioning skills by 78%; (2) an increase in the ability to provide arguments by 82%; (3) an increase in problem-solving skills by 85%. In addition, there was an increase in the following aspects: (1) group cooperation; (2) self-confidence; and (3) active involvement in class discussions.

This study was conducted to examine how well the use of augmented reality (AR) learning tools helps fifth-grade elementary school students understand mathematical concepts related to fractions.. The research was motivated by students' limited comprehension of the abstract nature of fractions and the lack of engaging educational tools capable of presenting the material in a meaningful and interactive way. Augmented reality is believed to improve student engagement and offer more appealing visual representations by integrating virtual elements into the real-world environment. A total of 30 students I participated in this study, which used a quasi-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest method. Information was collected through pre-tests, post-tests, written notes, and observations. We used SPSS software to analyze the data. The results showed that students' grades improved significantly, with the average increasing from 54.80 in the pretest to 91.83 in the posttest. The normality test indicated that while pretest scores were approximately normally distributed, the posttest scores followed a normal distribution. A one-sample t-test showed a statistically significant effect of AR media usage, with a p-value of 0.000 and t-values substantially higher than the critical value (pretest: 32.439; posttest: 112.071). These results suggest that AR-based instructional media are effective in supporting elementary students’ understanding of fraction concepts. Overall, the study confirms the positive impact of augmented reality in mathematics learning for fifth-grade students.

The use of various instructional media plays a significant role in the teaching process, as it can stimulate students' interest and encourage active participation in learning activities. By utilizing a variety of educational tools, children can enhance the efficiency of their learning in relation to the material delivered by the teacher. Teachers are expected to select the most effective teaching models, instructional media, and strategies to improve students' understanding. The use of instructional aids such as fraction clocks can serve as an innovative resource for teachers in presenting learning materials. Through the implementation of such media, teachers can expand the scope of media utilization in the educational process. The use of fraction clocks aims to inspire and improve students’ learning outcomes in the field of mathematics. The study employs a quantitative approach. This quasi-experimental study applies a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. 50 students participated in the study. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to describe the students’ pretest and posttest results. Furthermore, inferential statistics, including normality tests and hypothesis testing, are used to support further interpretation. The findings revealed that for the pretest, students had an average score of 51.92, indicating a moderate level of achievement, with a percentage of 62%. And the students’ postest scores increased to 66.92, indicating a higher level of achievement, with a percentage of 69% based on a sample of 26 students. The Paired Sample T-test showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is lower than the predetermined significance level of 5% or 0.05. This indicates the rejection of null hypothesis and acceptance of alternative hypothesis. It can be concluded that the use of fraction clock as an instructional medium has positive effect on students’ learning outcomes and enhances their understanding of fraction concepts.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Mathematics, especially simple fractions, through the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model. The background of this study is based on the need for an effective learning approach and encourage active student participation in learning simple fractions. The Problem Based Learning learning model is one of the learning approaches used to improve learning outcomes in Mathematics. This study applies the Problem Based Learning learning model to grade III students at SDN 001 Barong Tongkok in the 2024/2025 academic year. The study method used in this study is Classroom Action Research. Classroom action studies are applied through two cycles. Each cycle consists of four processes that are applied sequentially, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The class that is the subject of this study is grade I students with a total of 21 people. In the initial conditions, the average student score was 62.25. After implementing the first cycle, where the teacher applied the learning practice, the results obtained were that in cycle I, the average class score increased to 67.25, and in cycle II, the average score increased to 77.75. Through the action study applied through two cycles, a significant increase was obtained. Thus, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning learning model is effective in improving Mathematics learning outcomes in simple fractions in class III at SDN 001 Barong Tongkok

This study aims to examine in-depth and comprehensively the various obstacles faced by elementary school students in understanding the concept of fractions. Fractions represent one of the key components in basic mathematics education and often pose a significant challenge for many students. Through a structured literature review and in-depth analysis of empirical data, this research seeks to clearly describe the various difficulties students encounter when learning and understanding fractions. Additionally, this study investigates the underlying factors contributing to these difficulties and offers a number of creative and effective instructional strategy recommendations to help students overcome these barriers. The findings indicate that the primary challenges hindering students' understanding include several critical aspects: weak comprehension of basic fraction concepts, difficulty in representing fractions both visually and symbolically, struggles with performing arithmetic operations involving fractions, and challenges in relating fraction concepts to real-life situations. A thorough understanding of these challenges is expected to serve as a crucial foundation for improving the quality of mathematics instruction at the elementary school level.    

Understanding fraction concepts remains one of the biggest challenges in elementary mathematics education. Many students struggle with grasping fundamental fraction concepts, performing calculations, and applying them in problem-solving contexts. This study aims to analyze various factors contributing to students' difficulties in understanding fractions using a systematic approach Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data were collected from relevant scholarly articles published between 2020 and 2025. The findings indicate that the primary difficulties students face in understanding fractions stem from a lack of conceptual comprehension, weak operational skills, and challenges in converting word problems into mathematical models. Additionally, low learning motivation and limited teaching method variations also contribute to students' struggles with fraction concepts.

Fractions and decimals are basic mathematical concepts that have an important role in various aspects of daily life. This article discusses how fractions and decimals are used in daily activities such as measuring, calculating, and carrying out financial transactions. For example, in cooking, fractions are used to measure food ingredients, while decimals often appear in weight and length measurements. In economic transactions, decimals are key in rounding numbers and calculating prices. This article also explains the importance of understanding conversions between fractions and decimals to make decision making easier, both in personal and professional contexts. By providing applicable examples, it is hoped that this discussion can increase appreciation of the role of fractions and decimals in real life and encourage deeper mastery of these concepts.

Indonesia di kawasan Cincin Api Pasifik, yang dikenal memiliki aktivitas seismik yang sangat tinggi dengan ribuan gempa bumi yang terjadi setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) dan Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) dalam memprediksi magnitudo gempa bumi menggunakan data historis yang diambil dari Kaggle. Data tersebut mencakup rentang waktu dari November 2008 hingga September 2022, yang telah melalui proses normalisasi serta perpecahan menjadi data pelatihan dan pengujian. Model evaluasi kinerja dilakukan dengan menggunakan metrik Mean Absolute Error (MAE) dan Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Pada uji coba pertama, LSTM menunjukkan performa terbaik dengan nilai MAE 0.6226 dan RMSE 0.7731 pada data pengujian, lebih baik dibandingkan RNN yang mencatatkan MAE 0.6271 dan RMSE 0.7831. Sebaliknya, pada uji coba kedua, RNN unggul dengan nilai MAE 0.5583 dan RMSE 0.7008, sementara LSTM memiliki MAE 0.5822 dan RMSE 0.7132. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa LSTM lebih cocok untuk menangani pola data temporal yang kompleks, sedangkan RNN lebih andal pada dataset dengan pola yang lebih sederhana. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pijakan dalam pengembangan sistem prediktif untuk mitigasi risiko bencana gempa bumi di Indonesia.

This research evaluates the effectiveness of using game-based learning media, MAGECAH, in teaching Mathematics on the topic of fractions in the 4th grade at SDN Nglegok 1 Blitar. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consists of 52 students, divided into experimental and control groups. Research instruments include tests, questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The analysis results show that the MAGECAH media significantly improves students' understanding, with a t-test significance value of 0.000. This media is also considered effective in making learning more interactive and engaging. Thus, MAGECAH can become an innovative alternative in Mathematics learning, particularly in the topic of fractions, to improve students' learning outcomes.

Fractions have many rules that often cause misunderstanding of the concept. Thus, media is needed to make it easier for students to understand the concept of fractions. The purpose of this study was to analyse the implementation of fraction learning methods using visualisation media in class IV of State Elementary School 243 Cicabe. This research method is quantitative. The sample used in this study was 24 fourth grade students with the object of research, namely the process of learning fractions using visualisation media and students' competence in solving fraction problems that were changed in the form of visualisation. The research method used was field research with data analysed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the fraction material explained using visualisation media could be understood by the students although when the material level was raised, some students experienced slight difficulties.

Education that is able to support development in the future is education that is able to develop the potential of students, so that those concerned are able to face and solve the problems of life they face. Education must touch the potential of conscience and potential competence of students. The concept of education is increasingly important when someone has to enter life in society and the world of work, because the person concerned must be able to apply what is learned at school to deal with problems faced in daily life now and in the future (Suhendri & Mardalena, 2015).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dalam mengerjakan soal pecahan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Subjek yang diambil 3 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar tes berupa soal pecahan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis dari Miles & Huberman yang meliputi tiga aktivitas yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dalam mengerjakan soal pecahan telah mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan serta mampu menjawab dengan benar. Subjek S1 termasuk ke dalam TKBK 3 (Kreatif) karena mampu mencapai indikator kelancaran (fluency) dan indikator fleksibilitas (flexibility). Untuk Subjek S2 termasuk ke dalam TKBK 1 (Kurang Kreatif) karena hanya mampu mencapai indikator kefasihan (fluency). Sedangkan Subjek S3 termasuk ke dalam TKBK 3 (Kreatif) karena mampu mencapai indikator kelancaran (fluency) dan indikator fleksibilitas (flexibility).  

penelitian tugas di kecamatan lembur. Menanamkan konsp dasar penjumlahan dan pengurangan pecahandi kelas 4 siswa SD INPRES Alemba dilaksanakan dengan tujun untuk mengetahui sejau mana pengetahuan siswa tentang pecahan, apakah penyebutnya sama atau penyebutnya berbeda. Kegiatan ini menawarkan penanamn konsep dasar perkalian sebgai acuan dalam memahami pecahan. Dalam tugas ini ditemukan adanya peningkatan pemahaman matematika siswa kususnya pecahan pada pecahan sederhana, sedangkan pada pecahan yang penyebutnya tida sama perlu ditekankan pada siswa untuk belajar lebih giat. Faktor penyebap kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan pecahan berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan walikelas 4 secara umum meliputi minat dan motifasi, faktor guru, faktor lingkungan, sarana prasarana, dan perluhnya kedisiplinan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, sebagian siswa 4 SD INPRES Alemba masih kesulitan dalam menghafl perkalian 1-10. Hal ini menyulitkan siswa. Hal ini menyulikan mereka pada bagian menyamakan pecahan dan penyebut berbeda. Peneliti menawarkan guru dalam bidang studi yang mereka butuhkan perkuat dasar-dasar sebelumnya membhas materi pecahan. PKM penanaman konsep dasar penjumlahan dan pengurangan pecahan pada siswa-siswi kelas 4   SD INPRES Alemba dilakukan dengan tujuan mencaritahu sejauh mana pengetahuan  siswa-siswi terhadap materi pecahan baik yang penyebutnya sama atau pun yang penyebutnya berbeda. Kegiatan ini menawarkan penanaman konsep dasar perkalian sebagai acuan dalam memahami pecahan. Dalam tugas ini didapati bahwa ada peningkatan pemahaman siswa-sisw iterhadap materi matematika khususnya pecahan dalam pecahan sederhana sementara dalam pecahan yang penyebutnya tidak  sama  perlu dilakukan penekanan kepada siswa-siswi untuk lebih giat belajar lagi. Faktor penyebab kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal pecahan sederhana berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan guru wali kelas IV secara umum meliputi minat dan motivasi, faktor guru, faktor lingkungan, faktor sarana prasarana,  dan perlu adanya kedisiplinan pada saat kegiatan belajar mengajar. Para siswa-siswi kelas IV SD INPRES Alemba sebagian masih sulit menghafal perkalian dari 1 sampai perkalian 10.Hal ini menyulitkan siswa-siswi. Hal ini membuat merekasulit pada bagian menyamakan ‘ pecahan yang penyebutnya berbeda’ Peneliti menawarkan ke guru bidang studi agar perlu adanya penguatan  dasar perkalian sebelum membahas materi pecahan.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian eksperimen. Yang digunakan untuk analisis data adalah hasil belajar siswa dengan ambang nilai KKM 80. Investigasi ini akan dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Pontianak. Peserta penelitian adalah siswa kelas tujuh. Siswa kelas VII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas VII B sebagai kelas kontrol, masing-masing berjumlah 29 dan 28 siswa yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Penyelidikan ini memanfaatkan materi pecahan kelas VII. Menurut hasil, pembelajaran problem posing mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran tradisional. Jika disajikan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional, siswa mendapatkan skor rata-rata 62,32, namun jika disajikan dengan model pembelajaran problem posing, siswa mendapatkan skor rata-rata 81,97 lebih tinggi dari skor KKM..    

 Berdasarkan hasil observasi, menunjukkan bahwa dalam  proses pembelajaran matematika materi pecahan masih berorientasi pada guru (teacher centered) yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional dengan dominasi metode ceramah. Hal ini mengakibatkan kurang maksimalnya motivasi belajar yang dimiliki oleh siswa. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah, Mendeskripsikan motivasi belajar siswa, Mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru dan siswa, serta Mendeskripsikan kendala yang dihadapi siswa saat berlangsungnya pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS (Think Pair Share). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, angket, dan tes. Instrument yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa, angket, dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif  Subjek penelitian adalah kelas IV MI Nahdlatul Ulama Unggulan Sumberrejo Bojonegoro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar siswa meningkat. Pada siklus I persentase yang diperoleh sebesar  58,25%, siklus II sebesar 74,64%, dan siklus III sebesar 87,78%. Selain itu, dari hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa, dan hasil belajar siswa.