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Human happiness does not lie in physical pleasure, victory, wealth, honour, worldly power, a beautiful body, or the senses. People in religious communities seek something deeper, contemplating and acknowledging the highest value in union with God. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Contra Gentiles, arguments that human happiness lies in the contemplation of God, through which one attains peace and fulfilment in total self-surrender to God. However, in the lived experience of religious communities, a fear of matters related to sexuality is evident. Indeed, some misunderstand and misinterpret these matters, resulting in monks and nuns who become cold, dry, and rigid, acting in ways that violate sexual morality, thereby disrupting or even destroying—their ministry due to such improper conduct. Based on this, the author recognises the importance of education and the appreciation of sexual values for religious communities. Using a literature review method involving relevant books, journals, articles, and Church documents with a theological approach, it was found that the education of religious people requires aspects of happiness and sexuality education. The results of the study indicate that Thomas Aquinas’s concept of happiness can bridge religious life with sexuality education, which is one aspect that must be understood and lived out. Therefore, the happiness of love and the sexuality education of religious people need to be explored and lived out in the course of living and experiencing life as a religious person.

This study aims to analyze the relevance of Robert Raikes' Christian educational thinking to the character formation of children in contemporary Sunday School services. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. Data were obtained from various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and research articles related to Christian education, character education, and the history of Sunday School development. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the stages of data reduction, grouping themes, interpretation, and drawing conclusions using descriptive qualitative methods. The results show that Robert Raikes' thoughts remain relevant in modern Christian education, especially in the formation of children's character through the teaching of God's Word, discipline, role models, and the instilling of Christian values. Sunday School plays an important role as a means of fostering faith, morality, and social responsibility in children from an early age. In addition, the challenges of the digital era require churches to develop more creative, interactive, and contextual learning methods without abandoning the basic values ​​of the Christian faith. This study confirms that the success of children's character formation depends not only on the church, but also on the role of Sunday School teachers and families who work together to build a conducive spiritual environment. Thus, Robert Raikes' thinking makes an important contribution to the development of Christian education that is relevant in the modern era.

Prayer (ṣalāh) holds a central and indispensable place within the Islamic faith as one of the most fundamental acts of devotion. This study is designed to investigate the extent to which salah contributes to the formation and strengthening of religious consciousness among Muslims, as manifested in changes to individual attitudes, conduct, and discipline in everyday life. Employing a qualitative design grounded in library-based research, this study draws on primary Islamic sources, including the Qur'an and prophetic traditions, alongside relevant contemporary scholarly works. The findings reveal that the consistent practice of salah, carried out with sincerity and mindfulness, plays a meaningful role in cultivating spirituality, deepening the bond between humanity and the Creator, and fostering conduct that aligns with Islamic values. Moreover, salah is demonstrated to serve as an effective mechanism for self-regulation, discouraging unethical behavior while enhancing individual moral character. In conclusion, salah transcends its ritual dimension to function as a vital and holistic instrument for building comprehensive religious consciousness in the daily lives of Muslims.

This study aims to describe the implementation of instilling Islamic Religious Education values in the aspects of the Qur’an and Aqidah at TPQ Fattuhul Qulub, Doyo Baru District. The background of this research is based on the importance of Islamic religious education in shaping children’s character and morals from an early age amid the decline in the morality of the younger generation. TPQ, as a non-formal educational institution, has an important role in instilling Islamic values through learning the Qur’an, aqidah, and morals. However, in its implementation, several obstacles are still found, such as the low understanding of students regarding religious values, varying abilities in reading the Qur’an, and the lack of support from family and community environments.This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation at TPQ Fattuhul Qulub, Doyo Baru District. The focus of the research includes the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of instilling Islamic Religious Education values in the aspects of the Qur’an and Aqidah.The results of the study indicate that the instillation of Islamic Religious Education values has been carried out through structured stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The learning process was conducted using the methods of Iqra’, tahsin, tahfidz, talaqqi, lectures, role modeling, habituation, and exemplary stories. In the Qur’anic aspect, students were guided to read the Qur’an according to tajwid rules and memorize short surahs, while in the Aqidah aspect, students were taught the pillars of faith, the attributes of Allah and His Messenger, and the formation of Islamic morals. The evaluation results showed improvements in Qur’anic reading skills, memorization, understanding of aqidah, and changes in students’ religious behavior, such as becoming more disciplined, polite, and diligent in worship. This success was supported by the exemplary behavior of the teachers and the involvement of parents in the learning process.

This study examines the integration of Al-Farabi’s and Ibn Khaldun’s values into the reconceptualization of Civic Education (PKn) in Indonesia. Civic Education has often been criticized for its normative orientation, which lacks relevance to the multicultural realities and democratic challenges of contemporary society. The objective of this research is to construct a conceptual framework that combines Al-Farabi’s emphasis on rationality, morality, and human perfection with Ibn Khaldun’s focus on social solidarity (asabiyyah) and adaptability to societal change. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with a library research design, this study analyzes classical and contemporary literature to identify the relevance of these contributions to PKn. The findings reveal that integrating Al-Farabi’s moral dimension and Ibn Khaldun’s social dimension enriches the ethical, spiritual, and civic aspects of PKn, while aligning with the foundational values of Pancasila. This integration offers a transformative model of PKn that not only develops cognitive competence but also nurtures moral integrity, social justice, and civic engagement. The implication is that PKn can serve as a holistic instrument for shaping citizens who are intellectually critical, ethically responsible, and socially cohesive. Nevertheless, the limitation of this study lies in its conceptual nature, as empirical testing has not yet been conducted, suggesting the need for further applied research to validate the proposed model.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between legal compliance and the internalization of the constitution in strengthening the concept of the rule of law through a constitutional rights approach and the theory of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence. The main issue addressed is the low level of legal compliance, which is often caused by a weak understanding and internalization of constitutional values in society. This research employs a normative juridical method with conceptual and sociological approaches, supported by an analysis of Islamic legal theory that emphasizes the interconnection between legal norms, social values, and morality. The findings indicate that legal compliance does not solely depend on formal law enforcement mechanisms, but also on the process of internalizing constitutional values as part of public legal awareness. The constitutional rights approach positions individuals as primary subjects who possess awareness of their rights and obligations, while the theory of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence reinforces the moral and social dimensions in the formation of legal compliance. The integration of these two approaches can create a legal system that is not only normative in nature but also responsive to the social and religious values of society. Therefore, strengthening the rule of law requires a comprehensive strategy through legal education, the internalization of constitutional values, and the enhancement of moral awareness based on Islamic principles. This study is expected to contribute both theoretically and practically to the development of integrative and contextual legal studies in Indonesia.

Amid the accelerating rhythm of digital culture, academic competition, and the changing patterns of student life in higher education, the formation of Muslim student character has become an increasingly urgent concern. A campus mosque can no longer be viewed merely as a place of worship; it must also be understood as a strategic nonformal Islamic educational space that nurtures spirituality, morality, social awareness, and student identity in a more contextual way. This study aims to analyze the role of the campus mosque as a space for shaping Muslim student character through the Islamic mentoring program at Masjid Syamsul Ulum, Telkom University. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach based on document study and thematic analysis of scholarly articles, mentoring program documents, and relevant works on campus mosques, religious moderation, and student character education. The findings show that the mentoring program at Masjid Syamsul Ulum is systematically designed through a clear structure, curriculum, methods, evaluation tools, and mentor regeneration, all of which are integrated with the institutional values of Harmony, Excellence, and Integrity. Socioculturally, the program functions not only as a medium for religious instruction but also as a process of value internalization, habituation of religious practice, strengthening of moderation, and construction of Muslim student identity within a technology-oriented university environment. This study proposes a conceptual understanding that the campus mosque can serve as a strategic space for shaping Muslim students who are religious, moderate, collaborative, and adaptive in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by ustadz and ustadzah at Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Islam (PPTI) Al-Falah in maintaining family resilience. The family, as the smallest unit in society, plays a crucial role in shaping individuals’ character, morality, and spirituality, particularly for those living in a pesantren environment characterized by intensive religious and educational activities. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews and observations involving married ustadz and ustadzah who reside within the pesantren environment. The results indicate that in building a household, conflicts are inevitable. Due to teaching responsibilities that often extend into the night, miscommunication may occur and potentially lead to domestic issues. Therefore, family resilience among ustadz and ustadzah at PPTI Al-Falah is developed through five main strategies: (1) spiritual strategies, (2) communicative strategies, (3) educational strategies, (4) social and environmental strategies, and (5) economic and time management strategies.

The study of Islamic manuscripts contributes to understanding the development of thought, values, and social practices in Muslim communities, especially when texts are viewed as cultural artifacts. This research examines the Eid al-Adha sermon manuscript from the private collection of Mgs. Muhammad Jufri using a philological approach combined with value and da'wah analysis. The method is qualitative, applying philological stages such as inventory, description, transliteration, and textual criticism to produce a reliable text edition close to the original form. The analysis is strengthened by hermeneutics and da'wah studies to interpret meanings, values, and messages contextually. The findings show that the manuscript has a structured sermon format consisting of opening, main content, and closing, with strong rhetorical and religious functions. The text contains core values such as tawhid, obedience, sacrifice, social solidarity, and morality, as well as da'wah messages emphasizing piety, qurban practice, ukhuwah, and social awareness. Although limited by the absence of data regarding authorship and transcription time, the manuscript remains relevant as a source of Islamic values. This study shows that combining philology with interpretive approaches can enrich textual meaning and support Islamic studies development in contemporary society and strengthening cultural understanding among modern Muslim communities today worldwide context.

The rapid development of information and communication technology in the digital era has brought massive disruptions to all aspects of human life, including the educational paradigm and societal morality. Generation Z, as digital natives who grow up alongside these technological advancements, faces significant vulnerabilities regarding character degradation and moral decadence due to boundless exposure to global information. This research aims to critically analyze the strategic role of Islamic Religious Education in shaping and fortifying the character of Generation Z amidst the complexities of the digital landscape. The method used in this study is a qualitative literature review, which systematically synthesizes and analyzes twenty relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that Islamic Religious Education serves as an irreplaceable moral compass by internalizing the fundamental values of Tawhid and prophetic ethics. Furthermore, the integration of modern digital pedagogy with classical Islamic traditions, accompanied by the teacher's role as a moral exemplar (mu'addib), is crucial for effective character building. In conclusion, a collaborative educational ecosystem involving the family, school, and society is mandatory to ensure the continuous moral resilience of the younger generation in facing future technological disruptions.

This article examines honor killing in North Africa as a form of gender-based violence rooted in family honor, patriarchal control, and social change that has not yet produced a stable new order. The research employs normative legal methods through statutory, case, and comparative criminal law approaches across three representative jurisdictions, namely Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The primary legal materials include criminal provisions on homicide, adultery, mitigating excuses, and the protection of women, with particular attention to Article 237 of the Egyptian Penal Code, Articles 418 and 491 of the Moroccan Penal Code, the repeal history of Article 207 of the Tunisian Penal Code, Article 236 of the Tunisian Penal Code, and Law No. 58 of 2017 on Eliminating Violence Against Women. The findings show that honor in this region operates as a social mechanism for regulating women’s bodies, sexuality, mobility, and life choices, reinforced by community pressure, reputational stigma, and family-based moral legitimacy. Social transition does not remove this logic; instead, it reshapes conflict and diversifies forms of control, ranging from threats, confinement, coercion, and the criminalization of sexual morality to homicide itself. On the legal plane, Egypt and Morocco still retain norms that soften criminal responses in certain situations linked to adultery, whereas Tunisia has moved in a more progressive direction by abolishing explicit mitigation and strengthening protection for women, even though the regulation of sexual morality has not been fully abandoned.

Adolescence is a transitional period prone to problematic behavior due to significant physical, emotional, and social changes. One of the main factors influencing adolescent behavior is parenting style. This study aims to examine the importance of parenting styles in preventing problematic behavior in adolescents. The method used in this study is a literature review. The results of the study indicate that democratic (authoritative) parenting plays a protective role in preventing delinquency, aggressive behavior, and maladaptive behavior. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to be positively correlated with increased deviant, aggressive, and antisocial behavior in adolescents. Furthermore, self-control and morality act as mediators that can strengthen or reduce the influence of parenting styles on juvenile delinquency. Thus, the role of the family as the primary and primary environment is crucial in early detection and prevention of problematic behavior in adolescents.

This study aims to analyze the concept of social welfare in the thought of Al-Farabi and its relevance to economic development. Al-Farabi explains that the main goal of social life is to achieve happiness (al-sa‘ādah), which is not only related to material welfare but also includes moral, intellectual, and spiritual values. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach by analyzing the works of Al-Farabi and various relevant scientific literatures. The results show that the concept of social welfare according to Al-Farabi is based on four main principles: social happiness, social justice, community cooperation, and the role of morality and education. These principles indicate that social welfare is not only dependent on economic aspects but also on ethical values, wise leadership, and social cooperation within society. Furthermore, Al-Farabi’s thought is also relevant to modern economic development, particularly in terms of distributive justice, moral-based development, and the role of the state in achieving public welfare.

This research aims to describe the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) in shaping student character at SD Negeri 160 Palembang. As a core component of the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka), P5 is designed to reinforce the fundamental values of Pancasila in students.This study employs a qualitative case study method. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving the principal, vice-principal of curriculum, classroom teachers, students, and parents. The results indicate that P5 implementation is carried out through three systematic stages: planning (team formation and theme selection), execution (applying experiential learning that encourages collaboration), and assessment. The three primary values emphasized are faith and morality, respecting differences, and togetherness. Despite challenges such as time constraints, synchronization of materials across subjects, and the need for teacher training, the study concludes that P5 is an effective instrument for character education. To optimize results, it is recommended to enhance program monitoring and align the conceptual understanding of P5 among educators. Overall, SD Negeri 160 Palembang has demonstrated a serious commitment to integrating P5 as a means of positive character building.

This study aims to analyze the fundamental role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in shaping the noble character of students using a qualitative approach through literature review techniques. Data were collected from various scientific sources published between 2020 and 2026 and analyzed using content analysis methods, which included stages of reduction, categorization, and conceptual synthesis. The main focus of this study is to examine how PAI teachers integrate the values of tawhid and worship into the daily behavior of students, so that religious education does not merely remain at the cognitive level but manifests in noble character. The findings indicate that PAI teachers play a strategic role as murabbi, mu’allim, and muaddib, whose success is determined by the integration of pedagogical, professional, social, personality, and spiritual competencies. Amid the dynamic challenges of the digital era, teachers are required to revitalize their roles not only as educators but also as moral exemplars (uswatun hasanah) and agents of character transformation. The synergy between teachers' competencies and consistent exemplification is the key to safeguarding the students' morality and fostering a resilient personality in the school environment.

This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by ustadz and ustadzah at Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Islam (PPTI) Al-Falah in maintaining family resilience. The family, as the smallest unit in society, plays a crucial role in shaping individuals’ character, morality, and spirituality, particularly for those living in a pesantren environment characterized by intensive religious and educational activities. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews and observations involving married ustadz and ustadzah who reside within the pesantren environment. The results indicate that in building a household, conflicts are inevitable. Due to teaching responsibilities that often extend into the night, miscommunication may occur and potentially lead to domestic issues. Therefore, family resilience among ustadz and ustadzah at PPTI Al-Falah is developed through five main strategies: (1) spiritual strategies, (2) communicative strategies, (3) educational strategies, (4) social and environmental strategies, and (5) economic and time management strategies.

A moral crisis occurs when a person loses the attitude, character, and behavior that are in accordance with goodness. Moral and ethical crises often occur among the younger generation in Indonesia due to various factors, such as the impact of globalization, the influence of social media, the lack of parental involvement, and the lack of character education in schools. This study aims to explore the relevance of character education values in M. Quraish Shihab's Tafsir Al-Mishbah to the problems faced by students in the contemporary era. The crisis of morality, bullying, and the threat of radicalism are the background to the urgency of internalizing contextual Qur'anic values. This research is qualitative in nature, using library research, a thematic approach, and content analysis. The results show that the concept of character education in Tafsir Al-Mishbah is rooted in the relationship between the meaning of Rabb and tarbiyah, which aims to shape Insan Kamil through intellectual and spiritual balance. Analysis of Q.S. Luqman: 12-13, Q.S. Al-Hujurat: 11-13, and Q.S. Al-Mujadilah: 11 reveals fundamental values such as monotheism, gratitude, tolerance, and manners in seeking knowledge. The relevance of the findings shows that Quraish Shihab's moderate (wasathiyah) thinking is very effective in protecting students from extreme ideas, building digital literacy ethics through the principle of tabayyun, and eliminating the culture of violence in schools through a humanistic approach. This study concludes that Tafsir Al-Mishbah offers a functional methodological framework for strengthening the character of 21st-century students.

This study discusses the judge’s considerations in granting permission for polygamy to a husband who had committed adultery, as stated in the Religious Court Decision of Tanjung Karang Number: 737/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Tnk. Generally, Law No. 1 of 1974 in conjunction with Law No. 16 of 2019 on Marriage upholds the principle of monogamy but allows polygamy under certain conditions with court approval. This case is particularly interesting because the court granted permission for polygamy to a husband who was proven to have engaged in an affair and committed adultery resulting in a child born out of wedlock. The study aims to identify the legal considerations of the judge and the legal implications regarding the marriage and joint property. The research employs an applied normative legal method with a qualitative approach, using primary data from interviews and secondary data from legislation and legal literature. The results show that the judge considered granting permission for polygamy as a means of legalizing the existing relationship to maintain public morality and prevent continuous sinful behavior, although it conflicts with moral values. Legally, the second wife has no rights over the joint property acquired before the polygamous marriage, as stipulated in Article 65 paragraph (1) letter b of the Marriage Law

This study delves into the philosophical foundations of natural law, contrasting the irrational theories of Thomas Aquinas with the rational perspectives of Hugo Grotius and Immanuel Kant, examining their relevance within Indonesia’s deeply religious and pluralistic context. Aquinas argues that natural law is divinely ordained and serves as a universal moral guide, where law and morality are intrinsically linked. On the other hand, Grotius proposes that while natural law originates from divine will, human reason enables individuals to comprehend it, even without divine revelation. Kant’s philosophy shifts the focus to moral autonomy and the freedom of individuals, emphasizing that legitimate law must be based on principles of universal morality that respect human dignity. In the context of Indonesia, with its diverse religious landscape, integrating these philosophical ideas provides a balanced approach to the interaction between secular law, religious teachings, and moral values. The research adopts a juridical-normative methodology with a conceptual and legislative approach, analyzing secondary legal sources to explore how natural law influences Indonesia's legal system. The findings indicate that while Indonesia's legal system primarily follows positive law, it would benefit from incorporating the moral and spiritual aspects derived from natural law theory. The study concludes that Indonesia’s legal system can achieve a more substantive form of justice by integrating the principles of Aquinas, Grotius, and Kant, thus ensuring a more harmonious blend of legal certainty, moral integrity, and religious principles in the country’s laws.  

This study stems from a classic question in the study of political hadith regarding leadership, specifically the hadith "The Imams are from Quraysh," which is often understood textually as requiring leaders to be from the Quraysh tribe. This kind of understanding often stops at the normative and historical level, without considering the socio-political context of modern society, which is fundamentally different from the early Islamic era. As a result, a gap emerged between the moral message of the hadith and the reality of the leadership system in democratic countries like Indonesia. This research aims to reanalyse the meaning of hadiths about Quraysh and non-Quraysh leadership, and to trace their relevance to the concept of state leadership in the Indonesian constitutional system, placing Islamic political theory and modern leadership theory on an equal footing (theory = theory). This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, with the primary sources being political hadiths and classical references such as al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah by al-Mawardi, supplemented by contemporary literature on the modern Indonesian government system. The analysis was conducted using comparative methods and content analysis to explore the commonalities and differences between the concept of Imamah in Islam and leadership in modern democratic systems. The research findings indicate that the hadith about Quraysh leadership cannot be understood rigidly as a limitation of lineage, but rather as an ethical guideline emphasising the principles of justice, trust, responsibility, and public interest. The ethical values in the hadith align with the basic principles of the presidential system in Indonesia, such as public accountability, limitation of power, and popular sovereignty, as regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Despite challenges such as corruption, the politicisation of religion, and weak leadership morality, the values of the hadith remain relevant if translated into public norms and modern governance practices. This research confirms that leadership in Islam and Indonesian democracy can complement each other, with Islam providing a moral and spiritual foundation, while democracy offers the legal and political structure to realise it.