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Climate-induced migration is becoming an increasingly significant global issue, driven by environmental changes such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource scarcity. Despite its growing importance, current legal frameworks inadequately address the protection of climate migrants, leaving them vulnerable and without clear legal rights. This research aims to propose an integrated social-environmental justice framework to address the legal accountability for climate-induced migration, focusing on the recognition of migrant rights, state responsibilities, and environmental protection. The study uses a comparative legal analysis to examine legal systems across various countries and incorporates field data from climate-vulnerable coastal communities through interviews, surveys, and legal case reviews. The research finds that the proposed framework enhances migrant recognition and clarifies state responsibilities in 70% of reviewed legal cases, offering a more comprehensive solution compared to traditional environmental and human rights approaches. The framework's integration of legal, social, and environmental elements provides a holistic response to climate migration, emphasizing equity and sustainability. However, challenges such as political resistance, fragmented governance, and limited funding hinder full implementation. The study concludes by recommending that governments and international bodies adopt this framework and strengthen their commitment to legal protections and climate adaptation strategies for displaced populations. Further research should focus on refining legal frameworks, addressing implementation barriers, and expanding the scope of social-environmental justice to better support climate migrants.

The practice of labor exploitation is not new. Labor exploitation has been widespread since the colonial era. Some people use print media, social media, and even word-of-mouth to market. Although this is nothing new, labor exploitation is still happening and is growing more concerning. Due to the fact that it involves both domestic and international offenders, this is the case. between nations. The methods used in human trafficking crimes have become more complex as communication, information technology, and transformation have advanced. The criminals are looking for victims from the lower social classes. It is not unusual for offenders to help victims by giving them debt or company cash. Some even go so far as to give scholarships to those who want to pursue further education overseas. According to the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), which has verified this, human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, does not discriminate. Because human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, disregards age and gender. age and gender. Labor exploitation affects both men and women, as well as children and adults. Law No. 21/2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Humans, Law No. 18/2017 on the Protection of Workers, and Law no. 18/2017 on the Protection of Migrant Workers all prohibits the trafficking of humans for the purpose of labor exploitation. Workers who are migrants. This paper addresses several topics, including the criminal law's prohibitions against trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation, the need for immediate enforcement of these prohibitions, and the elements that contribute to trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation. labor exploitation, as well as elements that contribute to human trafficking for the prevalence of labor exploitation is increasing. Labor exploitation is becoming more and more common. The descriptive analytical method was employed in the study. method of analytical descriptive research. It is anticipated that this research will offer a complete, methodical, and exhaustive analysis.

In the 21st century, the increasingly complex phenomenon of global migration has become a major challenge for humanity, as migration issues are often linked to conflict, poverty, social injustice, and climate change. In this context, the encyclical Sollicitudo Rei Socialis written by Pope John Paul II provides a relevant framework for understanding and responding to the migration crisis. This document emphasizes that in order to build a more just and humane society, human dignity, social justice, and global solidarity are essential. The purpose of this study is to instill the extent to which the principles contained in Sollicitudo Rei Socialis can serve as a basis for developing comprehensive solutions to the migration problem. This study will find the difficulties and opportunities in applying these principles in migration policies by investigating the literature and analyzing cases. This study is expected to help develop more humane and sustainable migration policies. In addition, this study is expected to inspire the wider community to participate in solidarity efforts towards migrants.

The phenomenon of Indonesian labor migration abroad is an important strategy for improving community welfare and contributing to national economic growth. Every year, thousands of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) leave for various countries in hopes of finding better job opportunities. However, the reality they face often falls short of expectations, as many migrant workers experience discrimination, exploitation, and violence. Law Number 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (UU PPMI) serves as a legal framework to provide comprehensive protection, yet its implementation still faces significant challenges. This research employs a normative legal method to analyze the effectiveness of UU PPMI in providing legal protection for migrant workers. The analysis reveals that structural, technical, and legal obstacles hinder the effectiveness of protection. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed, including strengthening institutions, enhancing human resource capacity, and fostering collaboration among government, private sector, and civil society. This study aims to contribute to improving the conditions of Indonesian migrant workers and promoting more effective protection.

Globalization has transformed the way nations interact, bringing challenges in protecting the rights of cross-border groups such as migrants, international workers, and minorities. On one hand, globalization promotes closer international cooperation and strengthens the commitment to universal human rights. However, on the other hand, policies implemented by states often fail to align with these changes, creating various obstacles in efforts to protect vulnerable groups caught in different legal systems. This article explores the main challenges faced in protecting the rights of cross-border groups amid the dynamics of globalization. The research employs an in-depth literature review method, focusing on studies related to democratization, human rights, and the challenges encountered by cross-border groups. The findings reveal that, despite significant progress in the international framework on human rights, there remains a gap between policy and practical implementation that affects the protection of cross-border groups. This research also provides policy recommendations to help address these challenges in the era of globalization.

Poverty among foreign nationals is an increasingly pressing global issue that is often overlooked in public policy. This study examines government policies designed to address poverty among migrants and refugees and their impact on their economic well-being. The main focus of the study is to highlight the effectiveness of different policy approaches that have been implemented in different countries and identify best practices that can be adapted to different national contexts. Through an analysis of existing policies in several countries, including Germany and Canada, and relevant case studies, the study finds that approaches based on social and economic integration, employment, and direct assistance can play a significant role in reducing poverty among foreign nationals. The results show that policies that involve collaboration between governments, non-governmental organizations, and local communities are often more effective in achieving the desired outcomes. This study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for future development policies that are more inclusive and effective. In doing so, it is hoped that this study will contribute to improving the economic well-being of foreign nationals and assist governments in designing policies that are more responsive to the needs of this group.

The Nias tribe generally chooses urban areas as a place to migrate because the city symbolizes dynamism and is the center of all progress. People who decide to migrate must determine the right destination area.  The people of Nias migrate to an area or leave their area for several reasons. Firstly, economic reasons, the difficulty of meeting living needs in their hometown is one of the factors that most influences the migration activities carried out by the people of Nias. Secondly, there is a social reason, there is an opinion that people who migrate to the other side are considered to have broader experience/insight, have a lot of wealth and money. Third, family reasons, the people of Nias migrate because they already have or have had family members or friends who have migrated first. In this research, researchers focused on the economic adaptation strategies of Nias migrants who migrated to Tarutung sub-district. The researcher chose the title of this research to find out how Nias migrants adapt to the economy in Tarutung. Researchers chose to conduct research on economic adaptation strategies for Nias migrants in Tarutung because the economy is a fundamental aspect of human life, including migrants. The type of research used in this research is qualitative approach research. Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior.

The aim of the research is to find out the strategies of Nias Migrant Christian Families in enculturating cultural values ​​in children in Tarutung District. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The Nias migrant family's strategy regarding Nias cultural values ​​for children has been realized in direct teaching through the use of language, then family involvement in the community and then the family also has to balance maintaining identity and adapting to the new environment. Nias migrant families in Tarutung sub-district have shown significant efforts in preserving Nias culture amidst the dynamics of modern life.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) seminar in raising community awareness in Putatgede Village. The seminar, which involved socialization and interactive discussions, successfully provided relevant information on migrant worker recruitment procedures, the risk of fraud, and protection for migrant workers. The active participation of participants from various age groups showed the high interest of the community in obtaining accurate information. Evaluation results showed an increase in participants' understanding of the importance of working through official channels and vigilance against unclear job offers.

Indonesian School of Kuala Lumpur (SIKL) is an educational institution under the auspices of the Indonesian Embassy in Malaysia. SIKL serves as a school for the children of Indonesian migrants residing in Malaysia. It plays a strategic role and stands at the forefront of educational diplomacy in Malaysia, contributing to the development of Indonesia’s human resources. To keep pace with the rapid advancements in education, science, and the waves of globalization and modernization, SIKL continually strives to achieve excellence in education quality, including the quality of its teaching staff, facilities, output, and all supporting components of the learning process, both within and outside the school environment.The financial literacy activities for children aim to broaden students' knowledge in managing finances from an early age. This community service initiative seeks to introduce financial literacy to Indonesian immigrant children, aged between 5 and 15 years, who lack access to formal education and healthcare. The session is structured around the use of the Monopoly board game, an engaging tool designed to teach basic financial concepts interactively. The outcomes of this session were encouraging and enlightening, highlighting the children's enthusiasm and desire to learn despite their challenging circumstances

The linkage between the Civil Service Police Unit officers with appropriate agencies whose activities have a close connection in creating a conducive environment between local government and the people can perform activities in a safe, peaceful, orderly and applicable in areas with motivating people to create the rule of law. This needs to be pursued so that the police authority of the civil service as a law enforcement officer in fostering peace and order will be based on the activities and supervision of extension, no longer be a matter of the sanctions, penalties or fines. Be aware that in creating an orderly and safe condition, not just the responsibility of the Municipal Police alone, but public participation is crucial the achievement of order and peace. Given the number of homeless and migrants who are not registered in the registry office or the competent authority, in addition to the lack of government attention to the homeless, so the implication raises public order and public tranquility be disturbed. Principal issues to be addressed in this study is the First, the setting and the authority of the Municipal Police and the Homeless curb migrants in Badung, and constraints faced in the Municipal Police enforcing rules on homeless and migrants. This study is the approach taken by the normative approach to law (statute approach), approaches the concept (conceptual research), case-based approach (case approach) the nonnative analysis shows that the police authority of the civil service is based on the principles of the law, the nonns applicable law, whereas the juridical conceptual analysis regarding the effectiveness of law enforcement. Based on the results of the discussion, setting and Municipal Police Authority in carrying out duties and discipline Homeless Population entrants subject to the provisions of Law No. 32 of 2004, and regulations Badung District No. 4 of 2001 on public order. Constraints faced by local governments in the enforcement of rules against bums and penduduku immigrants are human resource constraints the police civil service itself is still not professional and legal culture of society that still considers the work is still a beggar or bum culture.

This research paper presents preliminary observations on the role of Mosque Istiqlal in Osaka, Japan, in facilitating Islamic religious practices for the Indonesian migrant worker society. As globalization has led to increased migration flows, many Indonesian workers have moved to Japan in search of better economic opportunities. However, living in a non-Muslim majority country presents challenges for practicing their faith.               The study aims to investigate how Mosque Istiqlal serves as a religious and social hub for the Indonesian migrant worker community in Osaka. Through qualitative research methods including interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, this research explores the various functions of the mosque in supporting the religious needs and social integration of Indonesian migrants.The findings reveal that Mosque Istiqlal plays a crucial role in providing a space for collective worship, religious education, cultural events, and social support for the Indonesian migrant worker society. The mosque serves as a center for fostering a sense of community, preserving cultural identity, and offering a familiar environment for religious practices in a foreign land.Through this preliminary study, we highlight the significance of religious institutions like Mosque Istiqlal in supporting the well-being and integration of migrant communities in host countries. The research underscores the importance of further exploration into the role of religious institutions in facilitating the religious and social needs of migrant populations, contributing to a better understanding of the intersection between religion, migration, and community building.

The community service aims to provide literacy on financial management and mental health for workers and students abroad. The education focuses on how migrants and students can manage their finances healthily while abroad and maintain their mental health during their time working or studying in Taiwan. The expected outcome is that participants gain additional knowledge on how to manage their finances and health while in a foreign country. With this knowledge, it is hoped that they can prevent mental health and financial issues, thus enabling them to work and study effectively and increase productivity.

Migration has been a significant social phenomenon since ancient times, evidenced by ancient humans migrating from Africa to other continents. Today, Ethiopia faces increased international emigration due to various conflicts, prompting many to seek better opportunities in Saudi Arabia. However, this migration process often entails serious risks to individuals' security and well-being, particularly concerning human rights violations. This paper examines these issues through the lens of human security, emphasizing the protection of migrants' physical safety, freedom from violence and exploitation, access to basic needs, and the preservation of human dignity.

Two big problems generally faced by developing countries like Indonesia are low human development which leads to prosperity and economic inequality or inequality in the distribution of income between high-income groups and low-income groups. Migrants can increase family income in the area of origin thereby creating prosperity for the family and the area of origin through remittances sent by migrants from the migration area. This study aims to analyze the direct influence of education level, length of service, marital status, family responsibilities on the income and remittances of migrant workers in Denpasar City and the indirect influence of education level, length of service, marital status and family responsibilities on remittances through the income of migrant workers in the City Denpasar. The sample used in this research was 100 migrant workers in Denpasar City. This research uses a probability sampling method. The analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and path analysis. The research results obtained state that education level, length of service, marital status and family responsibilities have a direct, positive and significant effect on the income of migrant workers in Denpasar City. Education level, length of service, marital status, family responsibilities and income have a direct positive and significant effect on remittances by migrant workers in Denpasar City. Education level, length of service, marital status and family responsibilities have an indirect effect on remittances through the income of migrant workers in Denpasar City.

Indonesia is currently in a demographic bonus until 2035. Where the productive age shows that the number of young people in the age range of 15-29 in 2022 reaches 24.3 percent and this is the basic capital in development. There are several countries that have successfully managed the demographic bonus and become developed countries such as Japan, South Korea, China and Singapore. Based on modernization theory that economic development will affect the value system of society that leads to gender equality. The Demographic Bonus is a golden opportunity for a nation if utilized properly. But the question is whether Indonesia is ready to seize the opportunity. The purpose of this paper is how to reveal facts, phenomena, variables. The research method uses a literature study with a descriptive-qualitative analysis method based on literature review. The results of the study are that there are several reasons that encourage someone to migrate with economic, family, education and work motives. Currently, Indonesia faces challenges in human development. The arrival of young migrants will lead to population growth and human resource development. The decision to migrate between men and women has different driving and pulling factors, women's participation to migrate where women's labor force participation is only 53.41 percent compared to men's 83.87 percent.

Lampung, a province located at the southern end of Sumatra Island, serves as a gateway for many migrants from different regions in Indonesia. However, some of the locals and tourists still face difficulties in finding the central location for souvenirs due to the  vast number of shops available. The purpose of this research is to assist tourists in finding the shortest distance to the nearest souvenir location using the Floyd Warshall algorithm. The software development method employed in this study is the Prototype, which consists of four stages, namely Communication, Quick Plan, Modeling Quick Design, Construction of Prototype, Deployment Delivery & Feedback. In the Rapid Modeling stage, the Floyd Warshall algorithm is used to determine the shortest distance for users to find the souvenir location. The result of this research is an android-based application that can provide the    nearest souvenir location with the shortest distance around the user.

The research discusses the factors causing drug abuse cases and their countermeasures in Pohuwato Regency. The method used in the research is empirical with qualitative descriptive data analysis that describes and describes reality data in the field. Based on the results of the study, that the factors that cause drug abuse cases in Pohuwato Regency are internally derived from within a person. Where the inability to adjust and weak self-confidence so that the perpetrator is unable to control the desire to try and have experience with drugs that are expected to overcome the mental pressure he experiences. The pressure in question comes from family circumstances that are less supportive (not harmonious) and indifferent to one's self-development. In addition, there are external factors, namely the promiscuity of the perpetrator, social and work environment factors, economic problems and easy access for the perpetrator. Police Countermeasures against Drug Crimes in Pohuwato Regency are carried out by conducting Early Prevention or Pre-emtif efforts by conducting searches regarding the causes or drivers, to the opportunities for the use of these illegal drugs. Early prevention is carried out through education that aims to create awareness and vigilance, by distributing banners and advertising banners and invitations not to use drugs in agencies and public service places including in the school environment. Preventive efforts with socialization and counseling, supervision of narcotics trafficking traffic both at the port and land which is the entry point for migrants in Pohuwato district.  In addition, this supervision is also carried out routinely in places where transactions are usually held, for example nightclubs and locations where teenagers usually gather, and conduct operations or patrols or raids. Repressive efforts as the last step to take firm action against the perpetrator by imposing sanctions, as well as the implementation of rehabilitation involving various elements.

Women as perpetrators of circular mobility (circular migrants) in the city of Semarang are generally involved in independent businesses in the informal sector. Working independently in the informal sector provides economic freedom and power in decision making. The informal sector does not require a lot of skills or working capital, and is suitable for domestic activities. The motivation for circular migrant women to leave their area of origin is because the unfavorable socio-economic conditions in the village encourage village women to engage in independent business in the trade sector, as well as because it is difficult to get work in the village. A shift in family roles occurs in the families of circular migrant women, when women as mothers have to leave the house to earn a living, then childcare patterns are entrusted to parents in the village, even though the existence of circular migrant women remains the hope of all family members, there is a role that is lost in both themselves and family.

The construction of the Bypass Road is one of the factors in facilitating regional development, besides that it will also facilitate the flow of traffic which of course will have both positive and negative impacts related to the land around the road. Symptoms that occur indicate that with the construction of the Balige Bypass road is in addition to spurring the growth and development of the areas around the road but also spur speculators, migrants and investors to reside and invest to open businesses along the Bypass road, which in turn is expected to improve the welfare of the people around the Balige Bypass road. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine and analyze the impact of the construction of the Balige Bypass road on the welfare of the Tambunan Balige community. This research is expected to add knowledge in knowing the impact of the construction of the Balige Bypass road on improving the welfare of the Tambunan Balige community and can be one of the reference materials for the government and related parties for improvements in improving community welfare, as well as information and reference materials for parties in need. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection is done through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the construction of the Balige Bypass road has opened up employment opportunities.