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This study examines the words structure of two selected songs, “Kekal” and “Di Akhir Perang”, from Nadin Amizah’s album Untuk Dunia, Cinta, dan Kotornya, with a focus on identifying and interpreting the functions of open class words and closed class words within the lyrical composition. The background of this research lies in the growing interest in understanding how contemporary Indonesian songwriters construct meaning through linguistic choices that contribute to the emotional depth of their works. The objective of this study is to analyze how open class words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs contribute to semantic imagery, while closed class words such as pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and aspects establish grammatical cohesion and narrative continuity. Using qualitative descriptive methods, the lyrics were segmented, categorized, and interpreted based on linguistic theory to reveal the semantic and grammatical roles of each word class. The findings show that open class words dominate the emotional and metaphorical landscape of the songs, functioning as carriers of imagery, personal vulnerability, and symbolic representation of healing, love, and existential reflection. Meanwhile, closed class words serve as structural anchors that link ideas, mark relationships between clauses, and maintain narrative fluidity, particularly in expressing inner conflict and the resolution of emotional war depicted in the lyrics. The study concludes that Nadin Amizah’s lyricism is not only aesthetically expressive but also linguistically strategic, revealing a deliberate interplay between lexical creativity and grammatical precision. These findings imply that linguistic analysis can enrich the appreciation of contemporary Indonesian music and open new perspectives for future studies in stylistics, discourse analysis, and cultural semantics.

This study examines the concept of the Great Filter as a metaphor to explain why only a few Islamic missionary organizations and startups are able to survive amidst digital disruption, while many others fail. Disruption, characterized by rapid changes in technology, regulations, and societal behavior, creates significant pressure that demands high levels of adaptability and innovation. This study uses a qualitative method based on a literature review by analyzing various literature related to entrepreneurship, digital missionary work, and dynamic capabilities. The results show that the success of Islamic missionary organizations in facing disruption is determined by a combination of visionary leadership, continuous innovation, mastery of digital technology, and the organization's ability to learn and adapt. Conversely, failure is often caused by limited funding, minimal innovation, and weak digital strategies. Thus, the Great Filter can be understood as a natural selection process that only resilient, adaptive organizations can overcome, and is able to combine spiritual values with entrepreneurial innovation.

The term overthinking has become part of the everyday vocabulary among Generation Z, reflecting a tendency toward excessive deliberation in ordinary situations, including choosing food. The “Overthinking” advertisement by GoFood presents a compelling visual representation of this dilemma through metaphorical symbols such as a talking forehead, piles of clocks, and zodiac characters that construct a complex visual narrative of indecision. This study aims to examine how symptoms of overthinking are visually represented in the advertisement using Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach. The research employed a qualitative method, utilizing observation and documentation techniques to analyze visual structures across scenes. The findings reveal that the advertisement conveys its message through denotative, connotative, and myth-based signs, illustrating how Generation Z interprets the burden of choice in a digital cultural context. The results demonstrate how visual communication strategies can foster empathy while offering solutions to the everyday anxieties of a young audience. This study contributes to the development of visual semiotics discourse in the field of visual communication design and offers insights for advertising practices grounded in social issues.

This study examines the semiotic and mythological representation of song lyrics, taking RINI's "Aphrodite" as an example. Based on Roland Barthes' semiotics theory, this study examines the application of Greek mythology, specifically the character of Aphrodite, to convey love, beauty, and lust in the song. Qualitative descriptive approaches are used to examine the denotative, connotative, and mythological meanings inherent in the lyrics. The findings indicate that the song showcases Aphrodite both as a reference to Greek mythology and as an idealized figure of love and beauty in contemporary popular music. By way of metaphor, symbolism, and lyrical storytelling, RINI relates a story that intertwines personal emotion and cultural myth, demonstrating how antiquity's myths remain active in shaping contemporary creative work. The study emphasizes the use of music as a medium for rearticulating classical mythology in relation to depicting modern romantic ideals.

This study analyzes the reinvention of heroism and gender identity in Disney's Mulan (1998), an animated adaptation of the Chinese mythology of Hua Mulan.  Mulan diverges from conventional storylines that exalt masculine power and martial prowess, focusing instead on themes of heroism, self-discovery, and the subversion of strict gender standards.  The film amplifies a female protagonist who defies cultural norms, critiquing traditional heroics and redefining greatness via resilience, intellect, and ethical purity.  This study utilizes qualitative textual analysis and Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey framework to examine how Mulan subverts patriarchal tropes, establishing personal sincerity and inner power as the genuine criteria of heroism.  This study examines feminist and postcolonial critiques of classical storytelling, asserting that Mulan reinterprets old myth as a modern metaphor of empowerment, demonstrating how contemporary adaptations can reclaim traditional narratives to embody progressive ideas.  The video serves as a radical act of mythopoetic resistance, presenting an alternative conception of heroism that surpasses gender and cultural limitations.

Tourism promotion plays a crucial role in attracting domestic and international tourists. One of the strategies used is digital advertising, which employs persuasive language styles. This study aims to analyze the use of language styles in the digital advertisements of the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and how linguistic elements in these ads influence audience perception. The research method used is literature review and discourse analysis of several digital advertisements published between 2020 and 2023. The results show that digital advertisements from the Ministry of Tourism tend to use hyperbole, repetition, and metaphor to create emotional appeal. These findings can serve as a reference for developing more effective destination marketing communication strategies.

This study assesses how campaign propaganda affected Nigeria's post-election government and the results of the 2015 presidential election. It examines in detail how ethno-religious campaigns The winning party's policy orientation, the victory of an opposition party, and the rational voting decisions of individuals were all influenced by the messaging of the two main political parties. To accomplish their goal of garnering more votes, politicians from all over the world adorn their language in distinctive ways to give their message more impact and force. Repetition, promise, colloquialism, word coinages, pidginized, and metaphorical language are some ways that rhetoric and propaganda can embody this. The figurative terms' denotative and connotative meanings are examined. It is believed that hyperbole, rhetorical inquiries, and rude remarks are characteristics of propaganda as a subset of this register. Therefore, political actors and foreign interests willingly used the media to disseminate divisive views. and a smear campaign against alleged rivals. Evidence suggests that the winning party has not significantly fulfilled its electoral promises five years after political ascendancy, despite the fact that campaign propaganda containing hate speech and dubious information helped an incumbent lose the 2015 Nigerian presidential election.

Medan is one of the metropolitan cities that has many offices, schools and colleges, this has resulted in most residents of Medan City being required to sit continuously and be less mobile in working and studying. Sport is one activity that can be done to overcome this. Therefore it is necessary to build a recreational sports arena in the city of Medan which can be used every day according to the user's schedule and which can accommodate activities or matches held by certain communities or parties. This sports arena was designed with a metaphorical architectural approach, to show an attractive building visual and increase the interest of the people of Medan City to exercise in this building.      

One of the 21st century thinking skills is creative thinking skills. Students as prospective educators are required to learn and develop self-actualization in solving problems scientifically. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Remap STAD learning models towards the empowerment of students' creative thinking skills. This research is a quasy experimental study and uses a Non equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population is all students of class XI IPA SMAN 4 Malang, totaling 234 students. A sample of 102 students was selected based on the equality test to determine the experimental class, positive control, and negative control. The instrument used used essay tests in accordance with indicators of creative thinking skills and the results were analyzed using the one-way anacova test. The results showed that the Remap STAD learning model effectively empowers students' creative thinking skills. The implication of the research conducted is to train students to think metaphorically to produce unique ideas or concepts as a form of achieving creative thinking skills. It is recommended that educators integrate the Remap STAD model in biology learning to foster student engagement and stimulate higher-order thinking processes necessary for solving contextual problems in daily life.

This research aims to analyze the language style used in the song lyrics as a tool to convey messages of social criticism. The problem that will be raised in this research is to deeply examine the song lyrics to find implied meanings that can enrich our understanding of the work. In addition, we will also examine how the use of words, metaphors and sentence structure in this song and how the social and political context when the song was created influenced the choice of language style used. The method used is descriptive analytic with literature study technique. The object studied is the lyrics of the song “Where is Freedom” by the Rocket Flyer Group. The results of the analysis show that the lyrics of this song have a very effective language style in conveying messages. The use of metaphors and everyday language makes it easy for song lyrics to be remembered by various groups. This research has the potential to be a reference for future research.

This research discusses the comparison of expressions of love in Indonesian and Turkish in the song "Apalah Cinta" by Ayu Ting Ting, which is the result of a cross-cultural collaboration with the Turkish singer, Keremcem. This song is interesting to analyze because it reflects the cultural and linguistic differences between the two languages ​​in expressing love. This research uses a text analysis approach to examine song lyrics in both languages, and considers the cultural context that influences expressions of love. The research results show that Indonesian tends to convey love in a direct and simple way, while Turkish uses more poetic and metaphorical expressions. Even though there are differences in language structure and style of expression, they both have a similar message, namely about the beauty of love and universal feelings that transcend language and cultural boundaries. This research highlights how works of art such as songs can be an effective medium for bridging cultural differences, as well as enriching cross-cultural understanding.

This research aims to determine the types of language styles used by the main female character in the novel "Mariposa" by Luluk HF and to analyze the meaning and function of these language styles in building character characterization. The problem that will be raised in this research is the form and variations of language styles that appear in the dialogue and monologue of the main character, as well as the role of these language styles in revealing the psychological dimensions of the character. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with a stylistic approach, where data is collected through reading and note-taking techniques for quotations that contain language styles in the novel. The results of the analysis show that there are five dominant language styles used by the main character, namely metaphor, hyperbole, personification, simile, and repetition. This language style functions to describe the character's feelings, strengthen the delivery of the message, and build an atmosphere in the story. This research has the potential to become a reference for the development of stylistic studies of contemporary Indonesian literature and can be used as learning material for stylistic analysis at the tertiary level as well as for similar research with a focus on other linguistic aspects.

The lyrics of the song that will be discussed in this study are Wildflower which is a pop song created by Billie Eilish which was released on May 17 2024 in her third studio album, Hit Me Hard and Soft. This song tells the story of Billie's experience of initially comforting a girl who is heartbroken after a breakup, but then she actually has a relationship with the girl's ex-lover. The purpose of this study is to describe the language style contained in the lyrics of the Wildflower song and explain the meaning of the language described. This research is qualitative research. The research for this study is to use data analysis, namely listening to the song to be analyzed, understanding the content of the lyrics, then looking for words that contain majas or language style. The method used is qualitative descriptive. The data of this study is an analysis of the use of metaphor, personification, repetition, hyperbole, and irony language styles contained in the lyrics of the Wildflower song. The results of this study show that there is the use of metaphor, personification, repetition, hyperbole, and irony language styles in the lyrics of Wildflower songs.

Poets must be able to effectively convey unrest through their work. .Feast tends to use a variety of majas that are less popular among its listeners so that the messages that .Feast wants to convey to the listeners of its songs become varied and do not match the main message it wants to convey. This research aims to analyze the use of majas in the lyrics of the song “Kami Belum Tentu” by .Feast. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to identify and understand the types of majas used. The results of the analysis show that there are 12 types of majas with a total of 51 uses of majas, including metaphor, personification, hyperbole, irony, paradox, and others. This research reveals that the variety of majas in songs provides aesthetic appeal while strengthening critical messages. However, the complexity of meaning in the lyrics is often a challenge for listeners, especially those who are less familiar with the majas used. Through this research, it is hoped that listeners can understand the meaning of songs more comprehensively, so that the message of the singer can be conveyed effectively.

Sal Priadi’s song lyrics are known for their rich and complex use of language, blending metaphors, symbolism, and allusion to create profound and meaningful works. This study aims to analyze how Sal Priadi uses language styles to enrich meaning, create emotional atmospheres, and enhance the listening experience. A qualitative analysis was conducted on several of Sal Priadi's songs, selected for their lyrical richness. The findings reveal that Sal Priadi successfully integrates poetic elements to convey universal themes like love, longing, and loss in a unique and deep manner. The use of complex language provides interpretive freedom for listeners, enhancing the aesthetic value of his songs, making them not only entertainment but also mini works of literature. Through this approach, Sal Priadi is recognized not only as a musician but also as an artist who harmoniously combines language and music, creating a deeper listening experience that resonates with audiences across generations.

The Institute of Fine Arts and Design is an art school that accommodates high levels of art study program enthusiasts in developing skills in the arts, producing creative and appreciative graduates. This study explores design aspects, such as function, site planning, design, and structure related to the art institute as a basis for design development analysis. The method used is a qualitative method through literature studies and field observations. Literature studies are used to analyze data related to the function of similar buildings and similar themes, namely metaphorical architecture. Field observations are conducted to observe and collect data related to the activities of the Fine Arts and Design Institute. The study concludes that in the design of fine arts and design institutes, creative design is needed through a metaphorical architecture approach. Metaphor architecture was raised as a theme because of the application of the principle of transferring information from one subject to another. The application of this concept is demonstrated by the form of the building mass series and the building facade with the play of secondary skin shapes.

This study aims to explain the concept of ecological repentance according to the encyclical Laudato Si in responding to violations of nature that occur in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan. This study also aims to understand the call of the encyclical Laudato Si that it is important to protect and preserve nature as part of human life. This study is a development of philosophical reflection on dynamic and metaphorical nature by FX. Eko Armada Riyanto, in his book entitled Menjadi-Mencintai: Berphilsafat Theologis Sehari-hari and also as a reflection on the call of the encyclical Laudato Si that the universe is a common home that must be maintained for the sake of creating universal fellowship in God. Departing from Armada Riyanto's philosophical reflection, the author is moved to provide further reflection on the destruction of nature that is occurring in the world today, specifically nature in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan. Ecological problems such as forest destruction that occurs in Nunukan Regency are the destruction of nature which is a common home as a place of fellowship of all creation. Therefore, the Church through this encyclical loudly voices ecological conversion for all believers so that with it humans can once again knit harmony with the created nature. In this paper, the author presents a philosophical study that describes nature as an entity that has great value and dignity, so that the existence of nature is not only seen as a reality of entertainment or a tool to satisfy human needs, but also as part of human life. In addition, the author also provides an understanding of the importance of ecological conversion that must begin with the awareness that created nature is God's creation that must be guarded, maintained and protected with concrete communal actions to maintain the integrity of nature in Nunukan Regency. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative method by conducting a literature study related to the theme discussed. In addition, the methodology used is a literature study of several previous studies that are also related to the theme discussed in this paper.

The application of visual brand concepts in showroom interior planning is considered crucial to ensuring that the products offered are relevant to the target market. This study aims to design a concept for the cash register and backdrop facilities in the case study of the Vespa Piaggio brand, with the goal of effectively reflecting the brand's visual identity. This research employs a qualitative method through in-depth observation, including direct visits to Piaggio stores and documentation via photographs and videos. The findings indicate that the use of shape metaphors aligned with the brand's identity can strengthen the visual brand image and enhance the showroom's appeal. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of applying visual identity holistically in furniture design to build a positiveerception among the target market and potential customers.

This thesis aims to design an Art Center in Medan City with a metaphor architectural approach. Medan City, as one of the cultural centers in North Sumatra, needs adequate facilities to support the rapid development of art and culture. The Art Center's design will integrate space needs for various arts and cultural activities such as art galleries, theaters, exhibition halls, workshops, and visitor-friendly public areas.The design approach used is Metaphor architecture which emphasizes the use of modern and innovative materials and design elements.    

This study explores the lyrics and creative process behind the song "Sang Bayu" created by Hariyadi . The main focus of the analysis is on the use of language and metaphors in the lyrics that depict the theme of love and romance. The lyrics of this song contain deep expressions of love and use metaphors such as "blowing the wind of love" to express soft and calming feelings. The main theme raised is love and romance, where the lyrics display soft and affectionate feelings. The melody that supports the lyrics also strengthens the romantic and calming atmosphere. This study also includes an interview with Hariyadi, who explains the process of creating this song through musical reflection and experimentation, as well as expressing personal inspiration from the beauty of nature and true love. This study identifies that the combination of poetic language, symbolism, and flowing lyrical structure provides a strong emotional and aesthetic effect.