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A crucial issue currently facing the Church is its stance on building good and harmonious relationships with all other belief systems within its own community. Although dogmatically the Church explicitly expresses its openness to all religious practices and piety lived out by the faithful according to their traditional beliefs, the Church remains cautious so that in building relationships through dialogue, the traditions of the Church are not lost. This paper aims to highlight the relationship between the Catholic faith and the traditional belief system of the Manggarai people in light of the dogmatic constitution Nostra Aetate. Nostra Aetate is one of the key documents resulting from the Second Vatican Council that addresses the current reality of religious diversity. Through this document, the Church seeks to declare its commitment to reflecting on the fact that all humanity shares a single origin and a single ultimate goal: God Himself. The beliefs or religious system of the Manggarai people is implicitly monotheistic, namely Mori Jari dedek Ema pu’un kuasa. On this basis, the Church sees that the same concept exists in Catholic doctrine. In this study, the author uses qualitative research with a text analysis approach. Text analysis is a methodology in qualitative research that aims to interpret and analyze texts based on their context.

This study analyzes the abuse of prosecutorial authority from a normative juridical perspective within constitutional law and its implications for the rule of law and good governance in Indonesia. It focuses on the concept of abuse of power (détournement de pouvoir) in assessing prosecutorial actions and examines power relations in law enforcement that may affect objectivity and fairness in criminal justice. The research uses a normative juridical method with statute and case approaches. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 16 of 2004 on the Prosecutor’s Office as amended by Law No. 11 of 2021, and Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, supported by doctrines and jurisprudence. Secondary materials include books and journals on constitutional and administrative law. The findings show that prosecutorial authority as dominus litis is limited by legality, good governance principles, and due process of law. Abuse of authority may occur not only through procedural violations but also through deviations from its intended purpose, leading to formally lawful but substantively unjust actions. Power relations may also create institutional imbalance in law enforcement. Therefore, stronger supervisory mechanisms are needed to ensure prosecutorial authority aligns with the rule of law and good governance.

This research is prompted by legal complications within civil procedural law, specifically regarding the failure of judges to identify formal defects in special powers of attorney during the preliminary stages of trial. The central focus of this study examines Decision Number 14/Pdt.G/2025/PN Kba, in which a lawsuit was declared inadmissible (Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard) only after a seven-month litigation process that had already progressed through evidentiary hearings and local inspections. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the dominus litis principle in empowering judges to provide procedural guidance for lawsuit amendments, while testing its alignment with the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice. Employing a normative legal research method with statutory and case-based approaches, the legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using the legal syllogism technique. The findings indicate that the application of the dominus litis principle in the a quo case remains ineffective due to the judges' passive and formalistic tendencies. Such an approach neglects the ex-officio authority mandated under Articles 119 and 132 of the HIR. This ineffectiveness results in significant judicial inefficiency, causing undue loss of time and financial resources for justice seekers. Consequently, this study recommends strengthening rigorous initial screening mechanisms by the panel of judges at the first hearing. This preventive measure is essential to curb the waste of judicial resources and ensure the realization of substantial justice for all disputing parties.

The absence of specific regulations governing the mechanism and legal consequences of revoking special power of attorney during ongoing civil court proceedings creates a legal vacuum that generates uncertainty for all parties involved. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of unilateral revocation of special power of attorney on the continuity of civil proceedings and the legal standing of attorneys thereafter. Using a normative juridical approach through statutory and conceptual methods, data were collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively using a prescriptive method. The results show that unilateral revocation during ongoing proceedings creates a formal defect that risks rendering the lawsuit inadmissible before the merits are examined, obstructing the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice as mandated by Law Number 48 of 2009. Furthermore, the attorney loses formal legitimacy to represent the principal from the moment revocation is notified, though all prior legal actions remain binding upon the principal as the material party, and such revocation without valid legal basis constitutes a breach of contract obligating the principal to pay compensation under Article 1809 of the Civil Code. This study concludes that regulatory reform is urgently needed to fill the existing legal vacuum and ensure legal certainty in civil court proceedings in Indonesia.

Gender inequality in Indonesian politics forms part of broader structural and cultural dynamics that shape women’s positions in the public sphere. In historical studies, the thought of R.A. Kartini is often interpreted primarily as a symbol of educational and moral emancipation, while the political dimension of her ideas receives limited attention. This study aims to examine Kartini’s political thought as reflected in her letters, positioning her as a political subject who articulated critiques of social structures, customary norms, and patriarchal power relations through non-formal means. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library-based research design. The data are derived from an analysis of Kartini’s letters compiled in Door Duisternis tot Licht and supported by relevant academic literature. A descriptive-analytical method with a thematic approach is employed to explore political ideas and discourses embedded in the texts. Kartini’s thought in this study is understood as a form of political awareness that extends beyond individual emancipation and relates to broader issues of women’s political participation. This research contributes to the study of women’s politics by offering a historical perspective that places women as political subjects.

This study analyzes the juridical implications of delegated authority in the context of business license signing by heads of regional offices acting on behalf of regents. Using a qualitative approach with library research, the paper explores the legal foundation, validity, and administrative consequences of delegation within local governance. The findings indicate that delegation of authority is a legitimate administrative mechanism recognized under Indonesian law, particularly within Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. However, its implementation frequently lacks procedural clarity, leading to potential legal defects (ultra vires) in administrative decisions. The study emphasizes that the validity of business permits depends on both formal and substantive fulfillment of delegation requirements through explicit legal instruments such as regional head decrees. Improper delegation not only invalidates administrative acts but also undermines legal certainty and public trust in local governance. Theoretically, this research contributes to strengthening the doctrine of state administrative legality, while practically, it provides recommendations for standardizing delegation mechanisms to enhance transparency, accountability, and legal compliance in regional public service delivery.

Penelitian ini membahas akibat hukum dari penggunaan kuasa jual yang dipalsukan dalam proses balik nama sertipikat hak atas tanah oleh pihak ketiga yang bekerja sama dengan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT), sebagaimana tercermin dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Barat Nomor 249/Pid.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Brt. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji adalah bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku pemalsuan kuasa jual, kedudukan hukum sertipikat yang telah dibalik nama berdasarkan kuasa palsu, serta perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik tanah yang dirugikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemalsuan kuasa jual untuk balik nama sertipikat merupakan tindak pidana yang menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum tidak hanya bagi pelaku utama, tetapi juga bagi PPAT yang lalai dalam menjalankan kewenangan jabatannya. Sertipikat yang telah dibalik nama berdasarkan akta palsu dapat dibatalkan demi hukum karena cacat administratif dan bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum. Pemilik berhak memperoleh perlindungan hukum berupa pemulihan hak atas tanah maupun ganti kerugian. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan kewenangan PPAT serta kehati-hatian dalam proses balik nama sertipikat untuk menjamin kepastian dan perlindungan hukum dalam bidang pertanahan.

Sumber data utama penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan proses pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan dan dokumen. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode analisis hukum, yaitu suatu analisis yang menggunakan teori, prinsip, kaidah hukum untuk menemukan sebuah petunjuk. Perlindungan hukum bagi ahli waris terhadap harta warisan yang dikuasai oleh salah ahli waris. Pasal 832 dan pasal 833 Kitab Undang- undang Hukum Perdata yang menyatakan para ahli waris dengan sendirinya mendapatkan hak milik atas semua barang dari orang yang meninggal, sehingga ahli waris yang mempunyai hak yang ada pada harta warisan. Namun harta waris tersebut dikuasai oleh salah satu pihak jadi harus mendapatkan perlindungan hukum secara preventif terhadap objek warisan yang kuasai tanpa sepengetahuannya dan mengakibatkan kerugian untuk ahli waris yang lain. Bahwa dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam Putusan Nomor: 10/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Skt. Dalam menyelesaikan perkara sengketa harta waris ini telah sepadan dengan peraturan hukum dan perundang-undangan hukum perdata yang berlaku dan hakim memutus suatu perkara berdasarkan pada bukti- bukti selama persidangan. Akibat hukum yang timbul pada Putusan Nomor:10/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Skt merupakan persengketaan secara melawan hak merupakan tindakan melawan hukum yang menyebabkan kerugian kepada Para Penggugat, oleh sebab itu telah benar bahwa hakim menjatuhkan hukuman kepada Tergugat guna membayar biaya perkara untuk seluruhnya dan menyerahkan obyek sengketa beserta sertifikat hak milik untuk kemudian dibagi menurut perundang-undangan yaitu diantara Para Penggugat dan Tergugat mendapatkan separuh bagian dari pada total keseluruhan warisan atau obJek persengketaan.

Notaris atau PPAT dalam jabatannya tidak terlepas dari sebuah kesalahan dan pelanggaran. Salah satu yaitu kasus dalam Putusan Nomor 1379K/Pid/2023 diketahui dalam kasus bahwa MVS selaku Notaris atau PPAT dititipi uang pembayaran uang tanah oleh SRW selaku pembeli. Uang tersebut tidak diberikan kepada pihak yang berhak yaitu 19 ahli waris selaku penjual maupun BA selaku kuasa jual, Namun diberikan kepada EW. Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu :1). Bagaimana proses pelaksanaan jual beli tanah dalam Putusan Nomor 1379K/Pid/2023. 2). Bagaimana tanggung jawab Notaris atau PPAT terhadap jual beli tanah dalam Putusan Nomor 1379K/Pid/2023 3).Bagaimana akibat hukum terhadap Notaris atau PPAT yang turut serta dalam proses jual beli tanah dalam Putusan Nomor 1379K/Pid/2023. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, sumber data yaitu data sekunder, metode pengumpulan data dengan studi kepustakaan, metode analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa, 1).  Proses jual beli tanah ada tiga tahapan yang harus dilalui yaitu tahapan pengecekan data, tahapan persiapan dan perpajakan, terakhir tahapan jual beli dan balik nama. 2). Sikap Notaris atau PPAT dalam Putusan Nomor 1379K/Pid/2023 merugikan bagi pihak penjual dan pembeli sehingga Notaris atau PPAT bertanggung jawab secara perdata, pidana, dan Adminitratif. 3). Notaris atau PPAT dengan menerima uang titipian dari SRW dinilai menjadi pihak yang ikut serta Notaris atau PPAT dalam jual beli tanah tersebut dan hal itu telah melanggar Pasal 52 UUJN, maka akibat dari keikutsertaan menerima sanksi pidana yaitu penjara selama tujuh bulan.

The study aims to analyze interpersonal communication in the film Photocopier, focusing on trauma, power relations, trust, and the process of truth revelation. The film reflects a social phenomenon of sexual violence and abuse of power in a university environment. And how the protagonist copes with conflict and social pressure through interpersonal communication. This research uses a qualitative phenomenological approach and content analysis. The findings show that interpersonal communication in the film potrays the individual struggle against power dynamics, the search of support, and the articulation of truth. This study is relevant as a reflection of communication dynamics within cultural and social insitituations. In addition, this study also reflects how a sense of safety, and trust are essential factors in the tourism industry, particualry in shaping the image of destinasions that are inclusive and welcoming to all individuals 

The study aims to analyze interpersonal communication in the film Photocopier, focusing on trauma, power relations, trust, and the process of truth revelation. The film reflects a social phenomenon of sexual violence and abuse of power in a university environment. And how the protagonist copes with conflict and social pressure through interpersonal communication. This research uses a qualitative phenomenological approach and content analysis. The findings show that interpersonal communication in the film potrays the individual struggle against power dynamics, the search of support, and the articulation of truth. This study is relevant as a reflection of communication dynamics within cultural and social insitituations. In addition, this study also reflects how a sense of safety, and trust are essential factors in the tourism industry, particualry in shaping the image of destinasions that are inclusive and welcoming to all individuals.

Sexual harassment in academic settings often goes uncovered due to unequal power relations between perpetrators and victims. This phenomenon is of particular concern on Malang campuses, where victims feel intimidated and do not have a safe space to speak out. This research aims to explore how power relations contribute to the occurrence of sexual harassment and its impact on victims in the academic environment. A qualitative approach was used with a case study method at several universities in Malang. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with victims, witnesses, and campus administration, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results showed that harassers often utilize positions of authority, such as lecturers, seniors, or campus staff, to commit acts of harassment. Victims, who are mostly students, are reluctant to report cases for fear of negative impacts on their education and career. The findings also reveal that the lack of strict campus policies and victim-friendly reporting mechanisms exacerbate the situation. This research highlights the importance of reforming campus policies and engaging the academic community in creating a safer and more equitable environment. This research suggests that universities in Malang need to strengthen reporting systems, introduce sexual harassment prevention training, and improve the structure of more equal relationships between students and faculty.

Tugas pelaksanaan jabatan notaris ialah membuat akta yang dipergunakan sebagai alat bukti yang dibutuhkan oleh para pihak untuk suatu tindakan hukum tertentu. Bahkan, seorang Notaris turut menjadi tergugat atau turut tergugat dalam proses peradilan perdata. Rumusan masalah 1. Bagaimana akibat hukum terhadap Akta Kuasa Menjual apabila tidak sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris? 2. Bagaimana pertanggungjawaban Notaris terhadap kasus pemalsuan akta kuasa menjual pada Putusan No.773/Pid.B/2021/PNSmg? 3. Apa yang menyebabkan Notaris dapat melakukan tindakan penyimpangan dalam pembuatan Akta Kuasa Menjual? Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis akibat hukum terhadap Akta Kuasa Menjual apabila tidak sesuai dengan UUJN, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penyebab Notaris dapat melakukan tindakan penyimpangan dalam pembuatan Akta Kuasa Menjual, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pertanggungjawaban Notaris terhadap kasus pemalsuan Akta Kuasa Menjual pada Putusan No.773/Pid.B/2021/PNSmg. Untuk metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif yang berfokus pada ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hasil dari penelitian ini, pertanggungjawaban Notaris terhadap akta kuasa menjual yang dipalsukan adalah Notaris M pidana penjara selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan dan F dengan pidana penjara selama 1 ( satu) tahun 4 (empat) bulan. Karena terdapat pelanggaran Kode Etik yang dilakukan oleh Notaris M karena tidak membacakan akta kuasa menjual tersebut kepada S dan tanda tangan juga tidak dilakukan dihadapan Notaris M, adanya unsur kesengajaan yang dilakukan oleh F karena melakukan pemalsuan tanda tangan S pada akta kuasa menjual, terdapat unsur kelalaian juga dari Notaris M karena tidak cross check kepada pihak S benar tidak staffnya meminta tanda tangan ke S.

Kemajuan Teknologi Informasi dan tidak seiring dengan pembaharuan hukum di masyarakat dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Rumusan masalah penelitian adalah bagaimana peran Notaris dalam pelaksanaan e-RUPS menurut hukum positif di Indonesia, bagaimana pelaksanaan e-RUPS dan kepastian hukum dari akta e-RUPS PT. Indofarma Tbk Tahun Buku 2019. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis peran notaris dalam pelaksanaan e-RUPS menurut hukum positif di Indonesia, pelaksanaan e-RUPS dan kepastian hukum dari akta e-RUPS PT. Indofarma Tbk Tahun Buku 2019. Pendekatan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Data diperoleh dengan studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis kualitatif-yuridis. Hasil penelitian adalah (1) Peran Notaris dalam Pelaksanaan e-RUPS menurut hukum positif di Indonesia adalah Notaris merupakan salah satu dari profesi penunjang pasar modal yang membantu pelaksanaan RUPS. Peran Notaris dalam e-RUPS PT. Indofarma Tbk Tahun Buku 2019 adalah pembuatan Akta Otentik dari Pernyataan Keputusan Rapat PT. Indonesia Farma Tbk, (2) Pelaksanaan e-RUPS PT. Indofarma Tbk Tahun Buku 2019 menggunakan aplikasi eASY.KSEI yang dimiliki oleh PT KSEI sebagai Penyedia e-RUPS. eASY.KSEI. Tata cara atau mekanisme e-RUPS mengacu pada Peraturan KSEI Nomor XI-A tentang Tata Cara Penyelenggaraan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham yang Disertai dengan Pemberian Kuasa melalui Electronic General Meeting System KSEI (eASY.KSEI), Angka 1 poin 1.5. dan hal ini sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku, yaitu Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas dan POJK 16, dan (3) Akta Keputusan dari e-RUPS PT. Indofarma Tbk Tahun Buku 2019 tidak otentik, sehingga tidak memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pihak-pihak terkait.

One of the factors that influences the competitiveness of MSME products is their ability to innovate and manage product quality. Product innovation allows MSMEs to create added value and differentiate themselves from competitors, while good quality management ensures the consistency and quality of the products produced. This community service activity was carried out in order to increase the self-awareness of the community, especially the MSMEs in Aek Loba Afdeling 1 Village, Aek Kuasan District, Asahan Regency. The method used in this community service is face-to-face (om the spot training). Data collection used was observation, interviews and documentation. The result of this community service is increasing public understanding of the importance of product innovation and quality management in increasing the competitiveness of MSME products

This article aims to explain how the Theory of Power Relations explained by Michel Foucault. This research uses a qualitative method with an analytical-philosophical approach from literature studies, so that the main sources in the research are books, journals, websites and related literature regarding power relations from Michel Foucault. The results obtained that what is known as power relations is explained as power is far different from the definitions found. If many parties or thinkers place the substance of power in the central leader who is legally vertical. So, Foucault in the Theory of Power Relations puts the definition of power as widespread, power according to him is everywhere, anytime, and is not bound by any authority. In Foucault's view of Power Relations, it can dissect many social phenomena that are realized or not, often Power Relations occur because for Foucault the condition for the existence of power is the main existence of "relations", so that from this relationship it will create itself by highlighting whose knowledge is greater, then that is what will dominate. Because power will be seen when in a relationship there is control over knowledge that is more striking, at the same time in the Power Relations is the production of knowledge for those who are being controlled. In this case, the author found a case of alleged sexual harassment carried out by a disabled man without hands named Agus Buntung who was suspected of sexual harassment, in this case Agus committed the act of harassment despite the presence of hands using Power Relations by relying on the production of knowledge he has, namely producing knowledge by playing with someone's emotions, so that a woman who was targeted was then dominated and ultimately could be easily harassed.

This article examines the validity of the sale and purchase of land rights based on an absolute power of attorney without the knowledge of the seller, focusing on Supreme Court Decision Number 680 K/Pdt/2020. This study aims to analyze the validity of the use of an absolute power of attorney in the process of transferring land rights and its legal implications. The results of the study indicate that the use of an absolute power of attorney in the transfer of land rights is contrary to the provisions of laws and regulations, especially Article 39 paragraph (1) letter d of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. This absolute power of attorney is declared null and void by law because it contains elements of irrevocable transfer of rights, which is contrary to the principle of "Nemo Plus Juris Transfere Potest Quam Ipse Habet". The court decision confirms that legal actions based on the absolute power of attorney are invalid, so the transfer of rights that occurs must be canceled. This finding emphasizes the importance of compliance with legal principles and provisions by notaries and land deed officials in the process of transferring rights to ensure legal certainty and justice.    

Sertifikasi aset Pemerintah selain sebagai bentuk tertib administrasi juga menjadi atensi dari KPK, karena sertifikasi aset merupakan upaya pencegahan kehilangan aset negara. Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Banyuwangi bersama Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Banyuwangi tengah mendaftarkan seluruh bidang tanah asetnya namun belum semua aset tersebut dapat disertifikasi/disertifikatkan. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana penyelesaian pendaftaran tanah aset Pemerintah Banyuwangi; jenis Hak Atas Tanah yang diberikan; dan hambatan apa yang terjadi serta upaya yang dapat diambil  untuk mengatasinya. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain Penyelesaian sertifikasi aset Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Banyuwangi dilaksanakan sesuai dengan perundang-undangan yang mengatur pendaftaran tanah. Kantor Pertanahan memberikan fasilitas loket prioritas serta tim khusus agar sertifikasi aset Pemerintah dapat segera diselesaikan. Hak atas tanah yang diberikan kepada Pemerintah Daerah adalah Hak Pakai Selama Dipergunakan. Jenis hak ini diberikan karena penggunaan bidang tanah aset yang didaftarkan untuk kepentingan umum/masyarakat banyak. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dalam pendaftaran aset antara lain, terjadinya pencatatan ganda antar instansi, masuknya aset pada kawasan kehutanan, ketidaklengkapan bukti alas hak, ketidaksingkronan satuan data, Sumber Daya Manusia, serta kendala penganggaran. Kendala tersebut dapat diatasi dengan mengadakan rapat koordinasi lintas instansi dengan supervisi dari KPK agar masing-masing instansi dapat saling melakukan crosscheck asetnya, Koordinasi dengan Kementerian Kehutanan, pembuatan Surat Pertanggungjawaban Mutlak dari Kuasa Pengguna Barang sebagai penguat alas hak, persiapan sertifikasi aset serta penganggaran dilakukan satu tahun sebelum dilaksanakan, bekerja sama dengan kantor pertanahan mengadakan pelatihan pendaftaran tanah untuk pegawai.

Cafes or also known as coffee places among today's society, especially teenagers. Cafes are used as a place to hang out and become a business to meet the needs of consumers. In this era of development, many cafes are competing to provide a comfortable place and atmosphere to attract customers, making it suitable as a place to relax, chat or gather. One example is Chord Cafe, this cafe is very strategically located so it is easy to reach and has a comfortable place. Chord Cafe also has many choices of coffee and non-coffee menus as well as snacks and heavy meals. This cafe has baristas who are very skilled in making various kinds of coffee and other drinks. As a fairly large cafe, Cord Cafe often holds live music, this is one way to attract customers to come to the café.

Abstract. Based on the title mentioned in this research, the aim of this research is to determine the juridical assessment of a power of attorney that was canceled by a notary without the presence of one of the parties and with their consent. This research uses a certain type of normative legal research. Library research was used in the process of collecting data from the items examined in this research. To evaluate and discuss research materials based on law, legal norms, legal theory and legal doctrine that are relevant to the main topic, this research uses a normative analysis approach to obtain the data. The results of this research indicate that the legal consequences of revoking a power of attorney carried out unilaterally by the director of PT Oro Jayanto Perkasa can be declared as an unlawful act. The director's legal responsibility for the revocation of the power of attorney made and signed before a notary is that the defendant is required to pay compensation to the plaintiff. So the government and the DPR should have the ability to test the power of attorney regulations in the Civil Code. and there should be outreach to the community to provide a clear understanding of the requirements that must be met in the handover of power