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Workplace microaggressions represent subtle and ambiguous forms of interpersonal mistreatment that are frequently normalized in organizational interactions, yet may generate significant psychological consequences for employees. While research in industrial and organizational psychology has extensively examined related constructs such as workplace incivility and ostracism, the linguistic mechanisms through which microaggressions operate remain underexplored. This study aims to systematically review Indonesian-language journal articles published between 2015 and 2025 that address workplace microaggressions and related phenomena, by conceptualizing microaggressions as speech acts. Using a systematic literature review approach guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, relevant peer-reviewed articles were identified, screened, and analyzed through thematic synthesis. The review focuses on three main aspects: linguistic forms of microaggressions, contexts in which they emerge, and their psychological consequences in formal organizational settings, including companies and educational institutions. The findings indicate that workplace microaggressions are predominantly realized through indirect and ambiguous communicative practices, such as dismissive remarks, stereotypical humor, and interactional exclusion, often occurring within hierarchical relationships and formal work situations. These communicative acts are consistently associated with negative psychological outcomes, including stress, emotional exhaustion, reduced wellbeing, and withdrawal-related work attitudes. By integrating industrial-organizational psychology with linguistic-pragmatic perspectives, this review highlights language as a central mechanism through which microaggressions produce psychological harm at work. The study contributes a conceptual synthesis that underscores the importance of addressing everyday communicative practices in organizational interventions aimed at fostering psychological safety and employee wellbeing.

Penelitian ini membahas akibat hukum dari penggunaan kuasa jual yang dipalsukan dalam proses balik nama sertipikat hak atas tanah oleh pihak ketiga yang bekerja sama dengan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT), sebagaimana tercermin dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Barat Nomor 249/Pid.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Brt. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji adalah bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku pemalsuan kuasa jual, kedudukan hukum sertipikat yang telah dibalik nama berdasarkan kuasa palsu, serta perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik tanah yang dirugikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemalsuan kuasa jual untuk balik nama sertipikat merupakan tindak pidana yang menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum tidak hanya bagi pelaku utama, tetapi juga bagi PPAT yang lalai dalam menjalankan kewenangan jabatannya. Sertipikat yang telah dibalik nama berdasarkan akta palsu dapat dibatalkan demi hukum karena cacat administratif dan bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum. Pemilik berhak memperoleh perlindungan hukum berupa pemulihan hak atas tanah maupun ganti kerugian. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan kewenangan PPAT serta kehati-hatian dalam proses balik nama sertipikat untuk menjamin kepastian dan perlindungan hukum dalam bidang pertanahan.

Diabetes mellitus adalah penyakit gangguan metabolisme yang disebabkan oleh defisiensi sekresi insulin, kerusakan sel Beta pankreas, atau resistensi insulin sebagai akibat insulin yang tidak digunakan. DM secara progresif menyebabkan terjadinya komplikasi makrovaskuler, mikrovaskuler, dan neuropatik kronis yang mengancam jiwa. Selain berdampak pada masalah kesehatan, DM juga memiliki konsekuensi ekonomi yang besar. Biaya pengobatan meningkat khususnya apabila terjadi komplikasi jangka panjang dan pilihan pengobatan modern. Perubahan gaya hidup dapat meningkatkan kesehatan dan kualitas hidup sehingga penderita tidak mengalami komplikasi. Modifikasi gaya hidup dilakukan dengan mengurangi asupan energi, meningkatkan aktivitas fisik sebagai terapi utama untuk pasien DM yang obesitas. Penurunan berat badan dikombinasikan dengan peningkatan aktivitas dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin dan kontrol glikemik serta mencegah perkembangan DM tipe 2 terhadap risiko tinggi gangguan toleransi glukosa. Target pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan, dan kemampuan penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dalam melakukan modifikasi gaya hidup guna mencegah komplikasi diabetes. Kegiatan  ini dilakukan di layanan kesehatan praktik mandiri bidan (LKPMB) dengan melibatkan mitra dari lahan yaitu bidan dan tim kesehatan terkait dalam bentuk pemberian edukasi dan pelatihan keterampilan mengenai cara melakukan menejemen gaya hidup. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan pemahaman peserta menjadi lebih baik tentang modifikasi gaya hidup dan memiliki motivasi untuk diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari

The copyright infringement of public appearances at Mie Gacoan Bali Outlet reflects the weak legal awareness of the use of copyrighted works for commercial purposes without permission. The act of playing songs without paying royalties has legal consequences for the company, in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. This research aims to analyze the qualifications of violations that ensnare the company's directors and the form of dispute resolution applied. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and related case studies through qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the royalty payment obligation of Rp2,264,520,000.00 is calculated based on the Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number HKI.2.OT.03.01-02 of 2016, with a rate of Rp120,000 per seat per year. Disputes are resolved through a royalty payment mechanism as a form of fulfillment of the economic rights of the creator. This study concludes that strengthening legal understanding, optimizing the implementation of regulations, and improving education and socialization are the keys to creating compliance with copyright protection and encouraging the realization of a fair, ethical, and sustainable music industry ecosystem in Indonesia.

This study examines the impact of location, product quality, and price perception on decisions to buy at Warung Makan Gado-Gado Bu Jum in Malangsari. Determining the degree to which location, product quality, and price perception influence decisions to buy at Warung Makan Gado-Gado Bu Jum in Malangsari is the aim of this study. This study's data was gathered via a questionnaire that employed a Likert scale for measuring. Purposive sampling was used to choose 96 respondents who had made purchases from Warung Makan Gado-Gado Bu Jum in Malangsari while taking specific factors into account. Using SPSS version 25, the data analysis method employs multiple linear regression analysis, validity testing, trustworthiness testing, and traditional hypothesis testing. Price perception (X1), product quality (X2), and location (X3) all have a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions (Y), according to the research findings. This suggests that both price perception and location may improve the choices made when making purchases at Bu Jum's Gado-Gado restaurant in Malangsari. As indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.736, location, product quality, and price perception account for 73.6% of the purchase decision variable, with other factors influencing the remaining 26.4%.

Public policies in the fields of health, environment, and safety are increasingly subject to disputes through the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism. However, state efforts to protect the public often face claims from investors who consider themselves harmed. This situation carries serious consequences, as states not only bear high litigation costs but may also be required to pay significantly larger compensation if they lose the dispute. This gives rise to regulatory chill, a condition in which governments delay, weaken, or revoke regulations due to concerns over potential investment disputes. Even when some cases result in a state victory, the potential for regulatory chill remains significant, as investors do not need to win disputes to create regulatory uncertainty and pressure policymakers. This phenomenon can manifest in three forms precedential chill, anticipatory chill, and specific response chill, each affecting the policy-making process differently. Regulatory chill narrows the regulatory space, limits state capacity to protect public interests, and creates a deterrent effect on the implementation of new regulations. Using a normative juridical approach enriched with comparative case studies, this paper examines three primary sources of regulatory chill: the economic burden of arbitration and potential compensation, long-term commitments, and institutional limitations in meeting the standard of fair and equitable treatment.

This research examines the impact of Indonesia's sugar import policy during the period 2020–2024 through the case study of Thomas Trikasih Lembong. Employing a qualitative methodology with an instrumental case study approach, the study seeks to capture the complexities of strategic commodity trade policies in Indonesia. The analysis reveals that the issuance of sugar import permits to PT Andalas Putra was conducted in violation of existing legal frameworks, particularly Presidential Regulation No. 48/2013, resulting in state financial losses estimated at Rp 400 billion. These irregularities highlight not only weak adherence to regulatory standards but also minimal coordination among relevant government agencies, reflecting the broader challenge of weak good governance implementation. The distributional consequences of this policy were also significant. While downstream industries benefited from increased sugar availability and lower input costs, domestic sugarcane farmers and the national sugar industry suffered substantial losses. The oversupply condition triggered by import policy mismanagement led to a decline in local sugar prices, producing welfare transfers that disproportionately disadvantaged rural farming communities. These findings underscore the structural vulnerability of agricultural stakeholders when state institutions fail to balance industrial and farming interests in policy formulation. Furthermore, the imposition of a 4.5-year prison sentence on the policymaker involved has sparked discourse on the criminalization of public policy, raising debates over the line between policy failure and corruption in governance. In light of these findings, the study provides several recommendations. These include strengthening inter-agency coordination mechanisms, developing early warning systems to monitor commodity market dynamics, reforming the regulatory framework governing import permits, and designing adaptive policy instruments capable of mitigating welfare risks while optimizing strategic commodity management. Overall, this study contributes to the discourse on governance, accountability, and policy reform in Indonesia’s strategic trade sector, particularly in relation to sugar as a vital commodity.

Financial statement restatements often negatively impact investor perceptions and a company's market value. Previous studies have shown that companies conducting restatements experience significant share price declines, with an average decline of 20% following the announcement. This phenomenon reflects investors' high sensitivity to negative information related to the reliability of financial statements and suggests that a company's reputation can be damaged quickly. Financial statement restatements are generally associated with material errors or manipulation of financial information, and are therefore often linked to indications of fraud or deception in prior financial reporting. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing financial statement restatements and their impact on firm value, focusing on infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2023. The research method used is a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from financial statements and official company publications. The analysis was conducted using logistic regression to examine the influence of fraud factors (pressure, opportunity, and rationalization) on restatements, and linear regression to assess the impact of restatements on firm value. The results of the study indicate that of the three main factors of fraud, only rationalization significantly influences financial statement restatements. Meanwhile, pressure and opportunity do not show significant effects. Furthermore, financial statement restatements were not shown to significantly impact the value of companies in the infrastructure sector during the study period. These findings provide important insights for stakeholders in understanding financial reporting risks and the urgency of strengthening ethics and internal controls in companies.

This study discusses the legal consequences of the absence of a marriage agreement on marital property according to the Indonesian legal system, especially based on the Civil Code and the Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974. By default, the absence of a marriage agreement leads to the enactment of a system of property union, in which all property acquired during the marriage is considered joint property. This condition has various legal implications, such as the vulnerability of personal property to third-party claims, difficulties in proving ownership of inherited property, and potential conflicts in the division of property in the event of divorce or death of one of the spouses. This study also highlights the difference in the regulation in Islamic law that does not recognize the automatic union of property, but still has the potential to cause disputes if there is no written agreement. The research method used is empirical normative with a qualitative approach, examining positive legal provisions and practices that develop in society. The results of the study show that low public understanding and negative stigma towards marriage agreements are the main factors in the low making of these agreements. The Constitutional Court Decision No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015 which allows the making of agreements during the marriage period expands legal protection, but its implementation still faces challenges. This study recommends the need to increase legal education and socialization on the importance of marriage agreements to provide certainty and fair legal protection for the parties in the institution of marriage.    

Aborsi merupakan salah satu isu etis paling kompleks yang terus menjadi perdebatan dalam diskursus publik dan keagamaan, termasuk dalam konteks Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan bagaimana prinsip-prinsip deontologi dan teleologi dalam etika Kristen membentuk pandangan terhadap praktik aborsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi pustaka normatif-deskriptif dengan analisis etika komparatif melalui kajian literatur teologi dan dokumen gereja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandangan deontologis menekankan nilai intrinsik kehidupan sejak konsepsi berdasarkan perintah ilahi yang mutlak, sementara teleologi mempertimbangkan konsekuensi aborsi bagi individu maupun masyarakat guna mencapai kebaikan terbesar atau mengurangi penderitaan. Kedua pendekatan ini saling melengkapi, meski sering menciptakan ketegangan dalam menentukan sikap. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkaya diskursus etika Kristen di Indonesia serta menawarkan kerangka analitis bagi pelayanan pastoral dan pendidikan teologi.

Compliance in paying taxes is a crucial element in maintaining the stability and sustainability of state revenues. Taxes as the main source of state financing require active participation from every Taxpayer in fulfilling their obligations. However, in practice, there are still many Taxpayers who experience obstacles in fulfilling these obligations, resulting in tax debt. This article aims to identify the types of tax debts that commonly occur in Indonesia and to analyze the legal and administrative consequences that can arise due to negligence or non-compliance in implementing tax obligations. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, by describing in detail the factual conditions based on secondary data and literature reviews. The results of the study indicate that tax debts can arise in various forms, including underpayment, late payment, or debts arising from audit results. The consequences faced by Taxpayers due to tax debts can be in the form of administrative sanctions such as interest, fines, and increases, as well as potential criminal sanctions if elements of intent or tax crimes are found. The conclusion of this article emphasizes the importance of understanding, awareness, and compliance of Taxpayers to avoid legal risks and financial burdens due to tax debts. The recommendations provided include the need to improve tax education for Taxpayers and optimize the role of tax authorities in providing guidance, supervision, and law enforcement proportionally.

Divorce is a complex social phenomenon with significant impacts on families, especially children. In Islamic law, divorce is permitted as a last resort when household life cannot be maintained, although it is considered the most hated lawful act by Allah. This study analyzes divorce from the perspective of Islamic family law, focusing on the causal factors, legal impacts, and preventive measures. The main factors of divorce include disharmony in relationships, economic problems, the presence of a third party, and domestic violence. The legal impacts include child custody, division of property, and maintenance obligations, which are often not fulfilled by the ex-husband, causing inequality in legal protection for women and children. Recommended preventive measures include premarital education, family counseling based on Islamic values, and strengthening mediation institutions such as BP4. This study uses qualitative methods with literature analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of divorce in Islamic law and its implications in Indonesia.

Kedudukan Pancasila sebagai dasar negara Indonesia memberikan konsekuensi bahwa penyelenggaraan negara Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara hukum, termasuk untuk menciptakan sebuah kondisi Welfare State (Negara Kesejahteraan) harus berlandaskan pada Pancasila. Dalam penerapannya, kesejahteraan masyarakat merupakan aspek penting dalam suatu negara, melibatkan berbagai aspek kehidupan seperti kesehatan, pendidikan, ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial, dan politik. Pemerintah wajib bertanggungjawab terhadap dinamika kehidupan masyarakatnya.

Competition between business actors can occur unfairly by colluding between business actors or with other parties, thus harming consumers and even state finances. With the occurrence of tender collusion, there is a conspiracy, lying behavior or an unlawful act by violating a government procurement mechanism, so that it has an impact on the government procurement contract made between business actors and the tender committee related to the validity and legal consequences of the implementation of the government procurement contract. In the provisions of the procurement of goods and services, if the parties commit a tender collusion, administrative sanctions will be imposed on the parties if proven, through civil dispute resolution. This means that the government procurement contract and services remain valid and binding on the parties, and cannot be terminated unilaterally by the organizing committee. This study uses a legal document approach. In various cases of tender collusion in the procurement of goods and services, the parties involved are processed criminally by law enforcement, but the procurement contracts for goods and services that have been made previously remain valid and are continued until completion, so it is necessary to conduct a legal analysis related to the status of the validity of the contract in tender collusion.

This study aims to examine the theological significance of King David's removal of the Ark of the Covenant in 1 Chronicles 13:1-14, highlighting the critical nature of keeping God's commandments during worship. The research involved an examination of the text and its context, along with a comparison with the related narrative found in 2 Samuel. the research revealed that the failure of David and the people of Israel to follow God's instructions in moving the Ark according to God's instructions resulted in the death of Uzzah, which illustrates the consequences of ignoring God's holiness. The three-month stay of the Ark in Obed-Edom's house resulted in blessings, which reinforces the idea that God's presence is experienced when His laws are honored and obeyed. The results of this study underscore the importance of obedience to God's commandments.

Keterlambatan pendaftaran akta peralihan hak atas tanah pada Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Batang dapat terjadi karena berbagai alasan. Faktor-faktor ini meliputi keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, prosedur administratif yang berbelit, hingga kesalahan dalam pengisian formulir atau persyaratan dokumen. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat meliputi: (1) Mengapa Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dan Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Batang mengalami keterlambatan dalam Pendaftaran akta peralihan hak? (2) Bagaimana Tanggung Jawab dan Akibat Hukum keterlambatan akta peralihan hak yang didaftarkan pada Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Batang?, serta (3) Bagaimana implikasi hukum dan konsekuensi keterlambatan pendaftaran akta peralihan hak di Kabupaten Batang bagi pihak-pihak yang terlibat? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif, melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan pihak terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPAT dan Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Batang bertanggung jawab secara hukum atas keterlambatan pendaftaran akta, yang dapat menimbulkan sanksi administratif hingga pidana. Faktor utama penyebab keterlambatan adalah ketidak sesuaian administrasi, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia di Kantor Pertanahan, serta rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan hukum di kalangan PPAT. Solusi yang diusulkan meliputi peningkatan kapasitas PPAT melalui pelatihan, optimalisasi sistem pendaftaran elektronik, dan peningkatan koordinasi antara PPAT dan Kantor Pertanahan. Keterlambatan ini berdampak signifikan terhadap para pihak, termasuk kerugian finansial dan ketidakpastian hukum atas kepemilikan hak. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan kepatuhan dan efisiensi proses pendaftaran akta sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif yang timbul.

Abstrak Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan ironi dari keterlibatan Organisasi Masyarakat Keagamaan dalam sektor pertambangan energi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dan mengkaji dampak Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 25 Tahun 2024, seperti yang diubah oleh PP No. 96 Tahun 2021, tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batu Bara. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa meskipun izin tambang yang diberikan kepada Ormas dapat berdampak besar pada tata kelola pertambangan, kebijakan ini menimbulkan kontroversi karena kemungkinan melanggar Undang-Undang Minerba. Ironisnya, dampak pertambangan yang dihasilkan oleh Ormas justru diperburuk. Fokus utama diskusi ini adalah konsekuensi hukum, ekonomi, dan lingkungan dari kebijakan ini. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keterlibatan Ormas dalam industri pertambangan berpotensi meningkatkan risiko kerusakan lingkungan yang signifikan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kebijakan publik harus dievaluasi secara menyeluruh untuk memastikan bahwa pengelolaan sumber daya mineral tetap berkelanjutan secara ekologis.

This study examines the implementation of a wetland-based circular economy in South Kalimantan, which integrates local wisdom and sharia values ​​for sustainable natural resource management. The purpose of this study is to understand how the principles of ta'awun (mutual cooperation), maslahah, and istihsan can encourage organic waste management, ecosystem conservation, and improve community welfare through a circular economy. The method used is an ethnographic study, with a qualitative approach to explore the experiences, views, and practices of local communities in implementing this concept. The results of the study indicate that a wetland-based circular economy not only provides economic and environmental benefits, but also strengthens social and religious values ​​through cross-sector collaboration involving the community, government, and the private sector, as well as the implementation of sharia instruments such as productive waqf and environmental zakat for sustainable development in South Kalimantan.

The prosecutor as the trial supervisor (Dominus Litis) has a central position in legal protection, because according to the Criminal Procedure Code, only the prosecutor can decide whether a case can be brought to court or not. The prosecutor's space for movement is controlled by a rule that binds the profession, namely the Code of Ethics. Integrity is one of the important things in the contents of the Prosecutor's professional code of ethics. Where a prosecutor needs to have consistency and firmness in upholding noble values ​​and beliefs. Because honest law enforcers will gain trust.  

Fatherless is a phenomenon which is define as the absence of the father’s role in parenting both physically and psychologically. In married life, disputes and conflicts cannot be avoided so they require trust and commitment to each other. Disputes in family life can have positive impacts, one of which is adjustment to the household environment. However, it cannot be denied that disputes can also threaten the continuity of a marriage, such as divorce. In cases of divorce, fatherless can also appear in children who are victims of divorce. Divorce results in them not being able to feel their father’s presence and his role in accompanying their growth and development. The aim of this research is to describe the fatherless phenomenon and provide an analysis of the fatherless phenomenon regarding family relationships. The research method in this article is to use a descriptive method using literature study data collection techniques. The results of the research show that the phenomenon of fatherlessness can be the cause of parents divorcing, which is due to the lack of the father’s presence in the family so that children experience an absence of figures which can cause conflict in the household and lead to divorce. However, children can also experience fatherlessness after the divorce of their parents, which is due to the lack of time for communication between the child and his father, which indicates the absence of a father figure