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Natural fibers continue to attract the interest of researchers to develop them as composite reinforcements in automotive and non-construction building interior applications. Basically, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites are not suitable for applications exposed to heat. Investigating changes in mechanical properties due to temperature increases, this research is very important to conduct. The addition of filler (CaCO3) is known to improve the performance of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This study investigates the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyester composites reinforced with waru fibers with CaCO3 powder filler. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method with a volume fraction of 30% waru fibers and CaCO3 powder with a volume fraction of 0-10%. The density of the polyester composite increased from 1.42 to 1.68 and 1.87 g/cm3 as the volume fraction CaCO3 0-10%. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing of the polyester composite showed that parameters such as loss modulus, storage modulus, and tan delta also increased with increasing CaCO3 content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) testing also showed increased thermal resistance after the addition of 5% (wt) (STL) and 10% (wt) (ZMB) with a residual combustion of 6.54% and 7.89% for each STL and ZMB composite, respectively. Compared to the TKO composite, it had the lowest combustion residue of 3.61%. Tensile strength and elastic modulus showed the same trend, namely an increase, while the elongation of the composite decreased with the addition of CaCO3 powder. The overall test results showed that polyester composites reinforced with CWf fibers and CaCO3 fillers were suitable for automotive and building interior applications.

Seagrass beds are coastal ecosystems that have important ecological functions as a provider of habitat, food sources, protection, and reproductive areas for various marine life including Echinoderms. This study aims to analyze the diversity of Echinoderms and their relationship with seagrass distribution in Kiama Beach, Melonguane District, Talaud Islands Regency. The research was conducted in the intertidal zone at three stations using the exploration method with purposive sampling technique. Each station is divided into three plot installation zones measuring 4 × 4 meters, with observations made at low tide. Environmental parameters (temperature and pH), type and number of Echinoderm individuals, and seagrass species were recorded and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and product moment correlations. The results showed that the Echinoderma community consists of two classes and five species: Archaster typicus, Linckia laevigata, Culcita novagueniae, Holothuroidea scabra, and Holothuroidea forskali, with the Asteroidea class dominating (75%). The diversity index (H') value was relatively low at all stations with a range of 0.6261–0.6631. Seagrass beds consist of five species, namely Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, and Syringodium isoetifolium, with the highest abundance found in Halophila ovalis. Correlation results showed a strong to very strong relationship between the abundance of Echinoderms and certain seagrass types (r = 0.77–0.99) as well as a strong correlation at the overall level of the station (r = 0.74). This study confirms that the presence and abundance of Echinoderms is greatly influenced by the density and composition of seagrass species. These findings provide important baseline data for the management and conservation of seagrass beds as a support for the sustainability of coastal biodiversity.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berat beton, kuat tekan dan nilai biaya pada beton campuran styrofoam sebagai pengganti agregat kasar untuk mendapatkan beton ringan dengan cara membuat benda uji berbentuk silinder Ø15-30 cm dengan perbandingan volume 1 Pc: 2 Pasir: 3 Styrofoam, 1 Pc : 1.5 Pasir: 2, 5 Styrofoam dan 1 Pc : 1,25 Pasir : 2,75 Styrofoam serta beton normal dengan komposisi 1 Pc : 2 Pasir dan 3 Agregat kasar sebagai pembanding. Berat volume yang diperoleh untuk komposisi 1 Pc: 2 Pasir: 3 Styrofoam adalah 1323,64 kg/m3,komposisi 1 Pc: 1,5 Pasir: 2,5 Styrofoam adalah 1274,61 kg/m3,dan komposisi 1 Pc : 1,25 Pasir : 2,75 Styrofoam adalah 1112,46 kg/m3, dan beton normal 1 Pc : 2 Pasir : 3 Kerikil adalah 2366,33 kg/m3. Selisih berat beton styrofoam terhadap beton normal kurang lebih 47,73%. Kuat tekan karakteristik komposisi 1 Pc: 1,5 Pasir: 2,5 Styrofoam 85,73 kg/cm2, 1 Pc: 1,25 Pasir: 2,75 Styrofoam 80,39 kg/cm2 sedangkan kuat tekan karakteristik untuk komposisi 1 Pc: 2 Pasir: 3 Styrofoam adalah 110,31 kg/cm2 (>100 kg/cm2) dan beton normal 1 Pc : 2 Pasir : 3 Kerikil adalah 155,29 kg/cm2. Berat volume beton  campuran styrofoam dan karakteristik kuat tekan menunjukkan bahwa styrofoam sebagai pengganti agregat kasar hanya ditujukan untuk pekerjaan konstruksi ringan. Biaya pembuatan beton komposisi 1 Pc: 2 Pasir: 3 Styrofoam adalah Rp. 1.751.365, 1 Pc: 1,5 Pasir: 2,5 Styrofoam sebesar Rp. 1.555.587, dan komposisi 1 Pc : 1,25 Pasir : 2,75 Styrofoam sebesar Rp. 1,604,697, sedangkan untuk beton normal 1 Pc : 2 Pasir : 3 Kerikil hanya sebesar Rp. 631,293. Selisih perbandingan biaya beton campuran styrofoam lebih mahal kisaran 63,95% dari harga beton normal.

Salah satu bentuk pengolahan limbah menjadi energi yang berasal dari limbah padat perkotaan adalah sampah bahan bakar turunan atau Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Terdapat berbagai teknologi pengeringan yang biasanya digunakan untuk pengeringan RDF. Contoh penerapannya adalah oil tube rotary dryer sebagai alternatif dari steam tube rotary dryer karena sejumlah alasan utama. Pertama, penggunaan oil engine sebagai material penghantar panas tidak membutuhkan tekanan tinggi seperti pada steam tube rotary dryer sehingga komposisi desain yang tidak serumit steam tube rotary dryer. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perancangan dan analisis kekuatan struktur mesin oil tube rotary dryer yang dilakukan melalui software Solidworks. Cara kerja mesin dimulai dari pemanasan thermal oil di unit pemanas hingga mencapai suhu operasi yang diinginkan. Oil panas kemudian disirkulasikan secara tertutup ke dalam tube di dalam drum pengering. Pada saat yang sama, RDF dengan kadar air awal 55% dimasukkan melalui inlet housing ke dalam shell. Suhu yang bekerja pada oil untuk memanaskan sekitar 150°C, jumlah total tube 65 buah berdiameter 1,25 inch, dan panjang pipa 10 m yang tersusun di dalam shell. Hasil analisis struktur mesin oil tube rotary dryer berdasarkan simulasi didapatkan stress (von mises) dengan nilai tertinggi 9,371 × 108 N/m^2. Sedangkan nilai terendah 9,628 × 103 N/m^2. Nilai tertinggi dari hasil simulasi tersebut terjadi pada sudut tajam bagian support roller yang tidak terdapat kontak, sehingga hal ini dapat diabaikan karena merupakan stress singularity. Hasil simulasi displacement  dengan  nilai tertinggi 1,026 × 101 N/m^2. Sedangkan nilai terendah 1,000 × 10-30 N/m^2. Nilai tertinggi dari hasil simulasi tersebut merupakan penerapan dari gaya centrifugal yang terjadi pada drum/shell rotary. Hasil simulasi Safety factor yaitu mengacu pada rata-rata probe result adalah 2,3. Sehingga dari hasil simula

The problem with previous studies was the use of polyester resin as a matrix in kacang goat hair fiber composites, whereas in the latest study, epoxy resin was used, which has not been widely used. The aim was to obtain the tensile strength of composites that could be used as an alternative material for fan blades. The research method used was experimental with composite fabrication using the hand lay-up method, varying fiber lengths of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm, and varying immersion times in a 5% NaOH solution for 25, 50, 75, and 100 minutes. Tensile strength testing was carried out using the ASTM D638 standard with a total of 36 specimens. The test results showed that specimens with a fiber length of 30 mm and a soaking time of 50 minutes produced the highest tensile strength of 28.69 MPa, while the lowest tensile strength of 15.38 MPa was obtained in specimens with a fiber length of 10 mm and a soaking time of 100 minutes. This indicates that the highest tensile strength value is 46.37% greater than the lowest value, so the combination of a fiber length of 30 mm and a soaking time of 50 minutes is determined to be the optimal parameter in this study.

Indonesia is one of the countries with abundant availability of palm fiber composite, yet its application in advanced material technology remains limited. On the other hand, most motorcycle helmets available in the market are made from ABS plastic, which has limitations in impact energy absorption and may increase the risk of head injuries during accidents. This study aims to develop helmet composites based on palm fiber and epoxy resin by varying the fiber volume fractions (15%, 25%, and 35%) and alkali soaking durations (75, 150, 225, and 300 minutes). The impact strength test results showed that the combination of 35% fiber volume and 225-minute alkali soaking produced the highest specific impact energy (SIP) of 0.142 J/mm². As a comparison, SNI-compliant helmets made from ABS plastic only reached an EPS value of 0.00972 J/mm², indicating that palm fiber-based composite helmets could improve impact energy absorption efficiency by more than 14 times. The results conclude that increasing the fiber volume fraction and optimizing the alkali treatment duration significantly enhances the impact resistance, making ijuk-based composite helmets a promising alternative for safer and more eco-friendly protective gear.

Kebonagung hamlet in Sukolelo village is an area where the majority of residents cultivate bananas. The abundant banana production generates a considerable amount of waste, one of which is banana stems that are usually piled up, burned, or left to rot without further use. Therefore, this community service project aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential use of banana waste as raw material for organic compost in Kebonagung Hamlet, Sukolelo Village. The methods used in this study involved banana farmers as research subjects and banana stems as research objects, with data collection techniques including field observations, interviews with farmers, and composting experiments. Simple laboratory analysis shows that compost from banana waste contains 1.8% nitrogen (N), 0.9% phosphorus (P), and 2.3% potassium (K), making it highly potential for use as compost material. In addition, composting activities can create new jobs through the development of organic fertilizer management business units at the village level. This is in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 on responsible consumption and production. According to Santoso (2020), the benefits of compost include: (a) improving soil structure, (b) increasing soil water storage capacity, (c) increasing soil microbial activity, and (d) reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. Qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing in the form of nutrient content analyzed using simple laboratory tests to determine the levels of N, P, and K. The banana waste composting process went well. In the first week, the temperature of the compost pile increased to 45°C, indicating high microorganism activity. The temperature stabilized at around 50–55°C. After the second week, the temperature decreased and stabilized close to the ambient temperature, indicating that the compost was mature.

This study aims to investigate how variations in the soaking time of Luffa cylindrica fibers in alkaline solutions affect the mechanical properties and fire resistance of the resulting composite material. The use of natural fibers is an important step in finding environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives to replace synthetic materials. Luffa cylindrica fibers were chosen for their advantages, such as being lightweight, strong, and abundantly available. However, natural fibers like luffa contain non-cellulose compounds, such as lignin and hemicellulose, that can hinder strong bonding with the resin matrix. Therefore, pre-treatment with an alkaline solution is necessary to remove these interfering substances. In this study, composites were made using the hand lay-up method with polyester resin as the main matrix. The treatment variable tested was the fiber soaking time in KOH solution, with three variations: 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. After the composite fabrication, the samples were tested through several standard tests, including tensile tests to measure the material's strength under tension, impact tests to assess toughness, and burn rate tests to evaluate fire resistance. Additionally, macro and micro photo analysis (using SEM if possible) will be conducted to observe fracture characteristics and the quality of the fiber-resin bond. The expected outcome is that longer alkaline soaking will significantly improve tensile strength and toughness. Furthermore, longer soaking is also expected to improve fire resistance by forming a char layer, which acts as a thermal insulator, slowing heat transfer and reducing the rate of pyrolysis.

This research discusses the effect of coconut dregs compost (Cocos nucifera L.) on the growth and yield of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivated using polybag media. This research is motivated by the importance of utilizing organic waste, especially coconut dregs, which has not been utilized optimally. Coconut dregs contain organic materials and nutrients that have the potential to increase soil fertility and improve the structure of the planting medium, so it is expected to support the vegetative and generative growth of tomato plants. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications. The treatments given were different doses of coconut dregs compost, namely P0 (control without compost), P1 (100 g/polybag), P2 (200 g/polybag), P3 (300 g/polybag), P4 (400 g/polybag), and P5 (500 g/polybag). The parameters observed included plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, number of fruits per plant, root length, and estimated yield per hectare. The results showed that the application of coconut pulp compost significantly affected several growth parameters, such as plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight. However, no significant effect was found on the number of fruits per plant or yield per hectare. The most prominent response was seen in the root length parameter, which showed a significant increase with increasing compost dosage. From the observations, the best treatment was at a dosage of 300 g/polybag (P3), which provided an optimal balance between vegetative growth and potential generative yield.

This study aims to determine the effect of varying hybrid composite volume fractions of luffa (Luffa cylindrica) fiber and fiberglass on the tensile strength of the material. The composite matrix used was polyester resin, while the reinforcements consisted of luffa fibers treated with 5% KOH alkaline solution to improve adhesion with the matrix, and fiberglass as an additional strengthening material. The composition variations applied in this research were 90%:5%:5%, 85%:7.5%:7.5%, and 80%:10%:10% (polyester resin : luffa fiber : fiberglass). The fabrication process was carried out using the hand lay-up method, which is widely used for producing layered composites, followed by tensile testing according to standard mechanical testing procedures to evaluate tensile strength and elongation. The results showed that the addition of luffa fiber and fiberglass fractions had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the composites. The 80%:10%:10% variation demonstrated the highest tensile strength value of 13.65 MPa and the highest elongation of 0.0105%, indicating better mechanical performance compared to other variations. These findings confirm that the hybridization of natural luffa fiber and synthetic fiberglass can work synergistically to improve the tensile strength of the composite. However, higher fiber fractions should be considered carefully, as they may affect the homogeneity of the mixture and the quality of interfacial bonding. Further research is recommended to optimize volume fractions, enhance fiber surface treatments, and evaluate additional mechanical properties such as impact strength and hardness, in order to explore the potential of hybrid composites as eco-friendly materials with promising mechanical performance.

This research aims to determine and inform the composition of the results catch (type and quantity) from gillnet fishing gear found in Muara Angke Fishing Harbor. The research was carried out for 3 (two) months starting from October to December at the Muara Angke Fishing Harbor. Data collection was carried out using survey methods and interviews and literature studies. Sampling was carried out using a purposive method sampling based on the function and benefits of the gillnet fishing unit. The number of respondents used in this research was 25 Gill Net vessels in the period October to December 2024 at the Muara Angke Fishing Port. Analysis of the type and number of catches was carried out descriptively. Research result shows that the composition of fish caught using Gill Nets in Muara Angke Fishing Harbor has 19 species of fish caught, with the most commonly caught fish being Gray Tuna with 329,710 kg and the least being Hammerhead Shark with 6 kg.

This study aims to analyze the visual composition in the fourth season using a cinematic approach, focusing on how elements such as framing, lighting, color, camera movement, and spatial arrangement support the narrative and character development. The Umbrella Academy is known for its unique storytelling and strong visual style. The fourth season, which also serves as the final season, went viral on social media and entered Netflix Indonesia’s Top 10 list. The method used is a qualitative approach with visual analysis. Each episode is examined to identify how visual elements are strategically used to convey themes and emotions. Theories of cinematography and visual composition serve as the foundation for this analysis. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the field of Visual Communication Design, particularly in the strategic use of visual elements to enhance storytelling. In addition to enriching academic literature, the results may serve as practical references for filmmakers, visual designers, and producers in creating impactful visual content. This study is also intended for publication in a Sinta-indexed journal or an international journal focusing on film studies and visual design.

Era baru dan alih fungsi bangunan membawa dampak perubahan pada fasad bangunan dari langgam arsitektur aslinya, hal tersebut juga terjadi di Jalan Malioboro yang merupakan kawasan Cagar Budaya dan tujuan wisata. Kajian Langgan Arsitektur Fasad Bangunan Sisi barat Jalan Malioboro adalah bagian dari upaya pemerintah untuk mempertankan nilai historis kawasan dan mengembalikan visual arsitektur yang berada di poros imajiner Sumbu Filosofis. Penelitian ini berdasar pada sebuah kajian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis langgam Arsitektur fasad bangunan komersial khususnya di sisi Barat Jalan Malioboro. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberikan kontribusi dalam menghasilkan suatu dokumen perencanaan teknis fasad sumbu filosofi yang sesuai dengan langgam arsitektur aslinya. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik, yaitu sebuah metode yang memberikan gambaran atau mendeskripsikan detail dari objek penelitian, dimana dalam prosesnya dimulai dengan mengumpulkan data-data melalui observasi lapangan, dokumentasi visual, dan studi literatur. Sedangkan analisis, dilakukan terhadap elemen-elemen fasad bangunan yang meliputi elemen bentuk, ornamen, komposisi simetri, irama, geometri, unsur warna, pintu, jendela dan bentuk atap bangunan.

Penelitian ini membahas konsep pembentukan Batalyon Komposit Korps Marinir di Pulau Natuna Utara dalam rangka mendukung validasi organisasi Korps Marinir. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya dinamika geopolitik di kawasan Laut Natuna Utara yang rawan pelanggaran batas wilayah oleh kapal asing, sehingga menuntut kehadiran satuan tempur yang lebih permanen dan siap siaga. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat adalah belum optimalnya peran Kompi Komposit Korps Marinir yang masih berstatus sebagai satuan tugas yang kerap melakukan rotasi terhadap satuannya, disertai kendala infrastruktur, logistik, dan jumlah personel. Untuk itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan research and development model Borg and Gall, melalui studi pustaka, wawancara ahli, observasi, dan kuesioner. Analisis dilakukan terhadap struktur organisasi, kesiapan alutsista, serta efisiensi sistem operasi dalam mendukung validasi organisasi Korps Marinir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan Batalyon Komposit yang bersifat permanen sangat dibutuhkan untuk menjawab kebutuhan pertahanan strategis, mempercepat reaksi terhadap ancaman, serta mengefektifkan tugas pengamanan wilayah perbatasan. Penelitian ini bermanfaat secara teoritis untuk memperkuat doktrin pertahanan laut berbasis pulau-pulau terluar, dan secara praktis sebagai masukan bagi pimpinan TNI AL dalam merumuskan kebijakan validasi organisasi yang berkelanjutan dan berdaya guna tinggi.

This study aims to examine the effect of fiber orientation and volume fraction on the impact strength of sugarcane fiber–epoxy composites. Sugarcane fiber is considered a promising natural reinforcement material due to its lightweight, renewable nature, and environmental friendliness. Specimens were fabricated using the vacuum bagging method with fiber orientations of 0°, 60°, 90°, and random, and volume fractions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Impact testing was conducted according to ASTM D6110-10 to determine absorbed energy and impact strength. The results show that both fiber orientation and volume fraction significantly influence impact strength. The highest impact strength was achieved with a 15% volume fraction and 0° fiber orientation, reaching 0.085 J/mm² or an absorbed energy of 8.5 Joules. In contrast, the lowest value was recorded at a 15% volume fraction with 90° fiber orientation, yielding 0.018 J/mm² or 1.8 Joules. The interaction between these variables also contributed significantly to enhancing material toughness. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing fiber orientation and volume fraction in designing natural fiber-based composites for lightweight structural applications

Dessert as a dessert, which is part of culinary in various cultures. Dessert is not only a dessert, but also reflects creativity and innovation in the culinary field. This study aims to analyze the comparative level of adding vannamei shrimp (Litopeaneus Vanname) to the cold dessert formulation on sensory properties (color, aroma, texture, and taste) and chemical composition (protein content and fat content). The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments of adding vannamei shrimp, namely 10% (A1), 20% (A2), and 30% (A3). The results of the organoleptic test showed that treatment A1 (10% shrimp addition) gave the best value on all sensory parameters, with an aroma value of 4.3 (like), taste 4.7 (like), texture 4.2 (like), and color 4.2 (like). Chemical analysis showed that treatment A1 produced a protein content of 4.21% and a fat content of 8.46%. The addition of vannamei shrimp to the cold dessert formulation is an attractive taste innovation for consumers. This study concludes that the addition of vannamei shrimp to cold dessert formulations can be an attractive alternative to improve the quality and nutritional value of products, as well as meet the growing needs of consumers.

Internal combustion engines generate thermal energy through the combustion of an air-fuel mixture. The incoming air must be filtered, as it contains impurities and particles. While air filters are commonly made from paper, they can also be developed using organic waste materials such as sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. This study aims to analyze the effect of biocomposite air filters on engine power, torque, and specific fuel consumption (SFC), by varying the material composition and the number of pleats, and comparing the results with those of a standard air filter. The method used is a quantitative experimental approach involving dyno testing on a 150 cc motorcycle engine. The tested material compositions include 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 60:40, and 70:30 (sugarcane bagasse\:rice husk), with pleat counts of 28, 26, and 24. Results showed that the biocomposite filter with 28 pleats and a 30:70 composition delivered the best performance, producing 18.47 Hp and 16.66 Nm of torque—higher than the standard filter’s 17.98 Hp and 15.52 Nm. In terms of fuel efficiency, the 26-pleat filter with a 50:50 composition recorded the lowest SFC at 41.90 g/kWh, significantly better than the standard filter’s 53.03 g/kWh. Conversely, the 60:40 composition resulted in the highest SFC due to increased airflow resistance.

The processing of natural fibers as raw materials for paper has grown over the past few years. However, the use of composite paper as a printing substrate has several drawbacks. One of them is the low color reproduction quality of printed images on paper made from natural fibers, caused by the insufficient whiteness of the paper. This study aims to investigate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) addition on the color reproduction quality of composite paper based on sugarcane bagasse fiber. TiO₂ was varied at concentrations of 0%, 10%, and 20%. Printing process was carried out using an inkjet printer with standard CMYK and RGB color patches. After that, the printed results were measured using colorimeter with D65 illuminant. Color distribution analysis was processed using MATLAB software. The results showed that the addition of TiO₂ increased the whiteness of the paper, as indicated by the higher L* values. The color gamut visualization demonstrated that the gamut area expanded as the TiO₂ content increased. This result shows that the addition of TiO₂ affects the color reproduction quality of composite paper.

Dedak padi merupakan salah satu pakan yang penting bagi ternak. Penurunan kualitas dedak padi dapat terjadi ketika dedak padi dicampur dengan bahan lain seperti sekam padi.  Dedak padi yang dicampur sekam akan mengalami peningkatan kandungan lignin. Dengan demikian, kandungan lignin dalam dedak padi dapat dijadikan indikasi adanya campuran sekam dalam dedak padi. Salah satu metode untuk mengetahui kandungan lignin tersebut adalah dengan uji laboratorium melalui reaksi pewarnaan dengan larutan phloroglucinol. Pada penelitian ini, estimasi kandungan lignin dilakukan dengan menggunakan probabilistic neural networks (PNN) berdasarkan citra campuran dedak padi dan sekam hasil reaksi pewarnaan larutan phoroglucynol. Terdapat 11 kelas dalam penelitian ini yang mewakili 11 komposisi campuran dedak padi dan sekam. Untuk mengetahui kadar lignin dari 11 kelas tersebut, dilakukan uji laboratorium terlebih dahulu. Sebagai input PNN, digunakan fitur histogram dari citra hasil reaksi pewarnaan tersebut dengan lima variasi jumlah bin (interval). Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua model warna citra yaitu model warna RGB (red, green, blue) dan HSV (hue, saturation, value). Pembagian data latih dan data uji untuk PNN menggunakan skema 3-fold cross validation dengan total jumlah data sebanyak 132 citra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akurasi tertinggi PNN sebesar 79.54% dan akurasi rata-rata 75,75% untuk kedua model warna citra.

Masalah sampah organik di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan penduduk. Sampah organik mendominasi komposisi sampah di Indonesia sebesar 62%. Biokonversi menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) atau maggot menjadi salah satu solusi pengelolaan sampah organik berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efektivitas biokonversi antara sampah pasar dan rumah makan sebagai pakan maggot. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen menggunakan enam wadah biokonversi, terdiri dari tiga perlakuan (sampah pasar, rumah makan, dan campuran) dan tiga kontrol, selama 14 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa maggot yang mengkonsumsi sampah rumah makan menghasilkan kadar protein (44,6%) dan lemak (41,85%) tertinggi, serta durasi biokonversi tercepat (12 hari). Sebaliknya, sampah pasar memiliki kadar air tinggi sehingga memperlambat proses biokonversi (14 hari). Semua kasgot memenuhi baku mutu SNI kecuali kadar air pada kasgot sampah pasar. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis sampah organik mempengaruhi efektivitas biokonversi, dengan sampah rumah makan menunjukkan hasil paling optimal sebagai pakan alternatif maggot.