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For every child to receive an equal education, inclusive education at the early childhood education (PAUD) level is a strategic step. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly study the basic concepts of inclusive education in early childhood, identify various types of specific challenges for Children with Special Needs (ABK) in regular classes, and evaluate how effective the use of inclusive learning methods is in optimizing child development. This study uses a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. Secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the study, teachers in regular classes face multidimensional characteristics of ABK. These obstacles include visual impairment, deafness, mental retardation, physical disability, emotional retardation/ADHD, autism, and exceptional intelligence. To overcome these problems, it has been proven that the use of assistive technology, a more flexible curriculum, individualized learning programs (IPC) based on initial assessment, varied teaching methods, and a friendly environment can be helpful. This study shows that teachers are not the only key to the success of inclusive education. This requires strong multi-stakeholder collaboration between the government, schools, special education teachers (GPK), professionals, and parents to address facility challenges and eliminate existing stigma in the field.

Digital transformation in Human Resource Management (HRM) has shifted the organizational paradigm from an administrative function to a strategic function focused on adaptive and sustainable human resource development. This study aims to systematically review the integration of digital technology in HRM practices with particular emphasis on inclusivity and organizational sustainability. The method employed is a literature review analyzing various studies related to the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and digital systems in recruitment, competency development, and employee performance evaluation. The findings indicate that digital transformation enhances operational efficiency, decision-making quality, and workplace flexibility. However, the adoption of digital technology also creates ethical challenges, including algorithmic bias, unequal access to technology, and concerns regarding employee data privacy. Therefore, the implementation of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) principles is essential in developing fair and inclusive HRM systems. Furthermore, continuous learning cultures and flexible work models have proven effective in supporting employee well-being while strengthening organizational resilience in facing global changes. This study emphasizes the importance of synergy between technological innovation, ethical leadership, and sustainability in building HRM systems that are responsive to the future of work.

This study examines the pedagogical transformation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in realizing gender-equitable and inclusive learning. Ideal PAI teacher pedagogy encompasses not only content mastery but also pedagogical competence and social sensitivity capable of responding fairly to learner diversity. This study identifies that traditional teacher-centered, rote-oriented pedagogy with minimal gender awareness constitutes a primary barrier to creating equitable learning environments. The required transformation includes developing cooperative learning strategies, eliminating gender bias in classroom interactions, differentiating instruction according to student needs, and using inclusive stereotype-free teaching materials. The theological foundation of Islam affirms that human dignity regardless of gender as emphasized in QS. Al-Hujurat: 13 aligns with inclusivity values in education, making this transformation an authentic manifestation of the rahmatan lil'alamin principle rather than a deviation from Islamic values. Despite ongoing challenges including entrenched patriarchal culture, limited gender literacy, insufficient inclusive teaching materials, and social resistance, this pedagogical transformation carries broad implications for improving learning quality, strengthening tolerance, and enhancing PAI teacher professionalism in Indonesia.

Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk karakter bangsa Indonesia yang multikultural. Pendidikan multikultural menjadi salah satu cara untuk mewujudkan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Pancasila sebagai paradigma pendidikan multikultural di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pancasila dapat menjadi landasan bagi pendidikan multikultural di Indonesia karena nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalamnya, seperti toleransi, keadilan, dan persatuan, dapat mempromosikan keragaman dan inklusivitas. Implementasi Pancasila dalam pendidikan multikultural dapat dilakukan melalui kurikulum, metode pembelajaran, dan lingkungan sekolah yang inklusif.

The campus is a meeting place for various cultures due to the diverse backgrounds of its students. As a result, social interactions that can foster a sense of togetherness and mutual respect are necessary. This study focuses on the experiences of Papuan students at the State University of Medan (UNIMED), known as the Character Building University, particularly how they adapt and interact in the campus environment. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews and observations to describe how Papuan students adapt, the initial problems they face, such as differences in dialect, communication style, and academic activity dynamics, as well as the elements that help them build good social relationships. The results of the study show that Papuan students are able to establish positive relationships with their environment, even though the initial adaptation process is rather difficult. They increase their confidence and communicate better with others through academic activities such as discussions, group work, and presentations. Overall, the experience of interaction on campus greatly helps Papuan students become more adaptive, inclusive, and in line with UNIMED's character building objectives.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan Budi Pekerti di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) se-Kabupaten Semarang. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada tantangan yang dihadapi dalam penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka, terutama dalam hal pemahaman guru Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa terhadap Kurikulum Merdeka. Kurikulum Merdeka diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran yang lebih fleksibel dan berpusat pada peserta didik, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan Budi Pekerti. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi di SMP Negeri 1 Ambarawa dan SMP Negeri 2 Sumowono. Teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan Kurikulum Merdeka telah melibatkan berbagai pihak, namun masih terdapat kendala dalam penyusunan modul ajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan lokal. Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Merdeka telah menunjukkan upaya inklusivitas, tetapi metode pembelajaran masih didominasi oleh ceramah dan diskusi dengan minimnya penggunaan media pembelajaran yang variatif. Evaluasi pembelajaran telah mencakup asesmen formatif dan sumatif, namun evaluasi berbasis proyek belum sepenuhnya terstruktur.

Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) sering kali belum menyentuh aspek afektif dan sosial siswa dalam menghadapi realitas keberagaman, khususnya di lingkungan multikultural seperti Denpasar, Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain, melaksanakan, dan memformulasikan model pembelajaran PAI berbasis deep learning dalam membangun karakter pluralistik di MTs Al Ma’ruf Denpasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan mindful learning, meaningful learning, dan joyful learning yang diintegrasikan secara sistematis mampu menumbuhkan kesadaran beragama yang inklusif, sikap toleran, dan empati antarsiswa. Model pembelajaran yang dihasilkan Model Integratif-Reflektif Deep Learning menawarkan sintesis antara nilai-nilai keislaman dan realitas sosial siswa dalam konteks madrasah. Temuan ini memperkaya literatur pedagogi Islam kontemporer dan memberikan implikasi praktis bagi guru, pengembang kurikulum, serta pengambil kebijakan dalam merancang pendidikan agama yang transformatif dan adaptif terhadap tantangan pluralisme.

This study discusses gender inclusivity in Islamic economics, with a focus on women's leadership roles in Indonesia. The background highlights that although there has been progress in women's participation across various sectors, challenges remain in achieving gender equality in management and leadership. This research aims to explore how the presence of women in leadership positions can influence company performance. Using a qualitative analysis approach and empirical data, the findings reveal that gender inclusivity not only promotes social justice but also positively contributes to innovation and corporate financial performance. These findings underscore the importance of policies that support gender diversity as a strategy for achieving sustainable economic growth in Indonesia. This study contributes to the development of more inclusive corporate governance and highlights the vital role of women in management as a key factor in economic and social sustainability.

This research aims to test how much influence effective leadership style and diversity inclusivity have on employee performance with employee development as an intervening variable in the education and culture office of Padang City. The data collection method is through surveys and distributing questionnaires, with a sample of 94 respondents. The analytical method used is structural equation modeling using smartpls. The research results showed that there was a significant influence of effective leadership style on employee development. There is a significant influence of diversity inclusivity on employee development. There is a significant influence of effective leadership style on employee performance. There is an insignificant effect of diversity inclusivity on employee performance. There is a significant influence of employee development on employee performance. Employee development mediates the influence of effective leadership style on employee performance. Employee development mediates the effect of diversity inclusiveness on employee performance.

This paper explores the views of religious moderation and inclusivity in the evangelizing mission of Paul, a major apostle in early Christian society. Through analysis of Paul's letters, especially those related to evangelism, this paper aims to understand how the principles of religious moderation, inclusive attitudes, and the love of Christ became the foundation of Paul's mission of evangelism. This paper also explores the relevance of these principles in the context of evangelism in the modern era. The Apostle Paul's views on religious moderation in the context of evangelistic missions, with a primary focus on the central role of Christ's love in shaping and supporting early Christian evangelistic efforts. Through analysis of Paul's letters, research findings highlight that the views of moderation and inclusiveness promoted by Paul reflect the principles of unconditional love. The love of Christ, at the center of Paul's views, is not only a theological theme but also an intrinsic attraction that influences the hearts and souls of individuals. Paul's inclusive and moderate attitude formed the foundation of a Christian community that was open and welcoming to all levels of society. The implications of this view are highly relevant in designing modern evangelistic strategies that incorporate the love of Christ as a central force.