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The predictive role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of human pregnancy is of particular interest, as oxidative stress is increased in normotensive pregnant women through systemic inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This study involved 40 consenting pregnant women recruited from St. Philomina Catholic Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM, with a P-value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased from 3.75 ± 0.42 U/L in normotensive women to 4.53 ± 0.59 U/L in preeclamptic women. However, this increase was not statistically significant (p<0.05; 0.2903). Catalase activity decreased from 114 ± 8.07 U/L in normotensive women to 84.02 ± 21.58 U/L in preeclamptic women, but this decrease was also not statistically significant (p<0.05; 0.1909). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased from 40.82 ± 1.23 U/L in normotensive women to 71.90 ± 5.61 U/L in preeclamptic women. This increase was statistically significant (p<0.05; <0.0001). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH) decreased from 66.74 ± 10.35 U/L in normotensive women to 50.63 ± 8.96 U/L in preeclamptic women, but this decrease was not statistically significant (p<0.05; 0.2466). These findings suggest the potential predictive roles of these biomarkers in identifying and monitoring preeclampsia.

Graphic design has become a key element in shaping consumer perception and influencing engagement metrics in digital marketing. This study aims to explore the role of graphic design in the success of digital marketing campaigns through an experimental approach. The study compared the performance of visually optimized content with non-optimized content on various digital platforms, including social media, websites, and email marketing. The results of the experiment showed that content with optimized graphic design resulted in significant increases in consumer engagement, brand recall, and conversion rates. The increase in consumer engagement reached an average of 35%, while brand recall increased by up to 20% compared to non-optimized content. This study highlights the importance of integrating design aesthetics into digital marketing strategies to achieve higher effectiveness. The findings provide practical insights for marketing professionals in designing more visually appealing campaigns, while opening up opportunities for further research on the specific elements of graphic design that have the greatest impact on consumer behavior. Thus, this study strengthens the strategic role of graphic design in the era of digital-based marketing.

This study aims to analyze the quality of Grade XI SMA/MA chemistry textbooks, aligning with the standards set by the National Standards Agency for Education (BSNP). This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method, specifically the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results indicate that the textbooks scored: 3.37 for content validity, 3.87 for language, 3.85 for presentation, and 3.69 for graphics, categorizing them as highly valid.

This study compares the performance of two leading mobile operating systems, iOS and HarmonyOS, focusing on technical aspects such as power efficiency, application response speed, background application management, and graphics rendering performance. Using a literature review method, data was collected from scientific sources, comparative reports, and official documents. The analysis results show that iOS excels in hardware-software integration, providing high energy efficiency and stable performance, especially on mobile devices. In contrast, HarmonyOS stands out for its flexibility and multi-device integration, making it ideal for the IoT ecosystem. However, this flexibility has limitations on energy efficiency and performance of some devices. The study concludes that iOS is suitable for users who prioritize a stable and exclusive experience, while HarmonyOS is more ideal for those who need the flexibility of an open ecosystem.    

The creative industry holds significant potential in providing economic opportunities, especially for children with special needs (CSN), who often face limitations in independently utilizing their skills after graduating from school. A community service program at SLB 1 Payakumbuh aims to empower CSN through training in creative skills, managerial reinforcement, and product marketing. Using a practice-based approach, this training includes crafting production, graphic design, and introducing digital marketing platforms. The results indicate an improvement in technical skills and self-confidence, enabling CSN to produce high-quality products with competitive market value. Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly in accessing capital, equipment, and business network support. This program also seeks to connect CSN with local communities and business actors to foster collaborations that support the sustainability of their creative enterprises. Through entrepreneurship training, mentorship, and adequate facilities, CSN are expected to contribute independently to the creative economy while inspiring other communities to empower similar potential.

The human resources and management system department is one of the departments in the company that has an important role in managing the company. One thing that must be considered is the suitability of work between employees and the abilities possessed by each employee. When employees get jobs that match their abilities, the work can be completed more efficiently. The purpose of this study is to divide work to employees so that 1 job will be done by 1 employee using the application of Hall's Theorem. If each subset of the set  satisfies the conditions of Hall's Theorem, then the theorem guarantees complete matching. Based on the application of Hall's Theorem, it was found that there was complete matching of the bipartite graph in this problem so that 1 job can be assigned to only 1 employee, namely SMS assigned to employee A, AR assigned to employee B, PSB assigned to employee C, ESGS assigned to employee D, PG assigned to employee E, PR by employee F, MK by employee G, and JSAP by employee H.

Technological progress is something that cannot be avoided in this life, where the world has shifted from the era of industrialization to the era of digital technology. The Canva application is a web-based platform that can be used to create various interesting designs. There are many features that can be used in Canva, including graphics, posters, presentations, flyers, brochures, and so on. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Qualitative research is a research method used to examine the condition of a natural object. The researcher's aim is to determine the use of Canva media in STAI Ibnu Rushd Kotabumi learning presentations. The results and discussion of this researcher are that the Canva application is a web-based platform that can be used to create various interesting designs. The material that will be made into a learning video uses Canva design.

In the digital era, competition in the graphic design industry is increasingly competitive, requiring businesses to innovate and adapt with effective strategies. This study aims to develop business strategies using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) for Trikarasu Design, a start-up in the graphic design field. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study method, the research maps the nine BMC elements to analyze opportunities and challenges faced. The findings reveal that BMC aids Trikarasu Design in identifying product value propositions, customer segments, and relevant distribution channels. Digital promotion strategies through social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok are proven effective in enhancing visibility and fostering personal relationships with customers. This study provides practical contributions in the form of BMC-based strategies that support the sustainability and growth of Trikarasu Design in the dynamic graphic design market.

In the rapidly evolving digital era, business promotion strategies have undergone significant transformations, particularly through the utilization of online graphic design platforms. This study aims to explore the use of Canva as a creative tool to enhance the promotional strategies of GURAFIX, a graphic design service business. The method employed is qualitative with direct observation techniques and portfolio analysis. The findings indicate that Canva plays a crucial role in improving the productivity and efficiency of the GURAFIX team in producing visually appealing content aligned with current market trends. Utilizing Canva has also positively impacted the quality of designs and promotional appeal, contributing to an increase in clients. However, the study also identifies Canva's limitations in meeting advanced design requirements. This research provides practical implications for other graphic design service businesses to optimally utilize Canva as part of their promotional strategies.

Inhiven Design is a company that combines graphic design with interior design to provide creative and integrated solutions in various fields such as housing, offices, and commercial. The author's purpose in conducting this study is to analyze the history of the early formation of Inhiven Design? Then what are the problems faced during the establishment of Inhiven Design? And how does Inhiven Design optimize sales in its marketing? The method used in this study is qualitative observation with primary data collection through direct interviews. This study examines the development of Inhiven Design, including the company profile, history of its establishment, and marketing and management strategies implemented. Data were collected through qualitative observation and direct interviews with team members to understand the marketing strategy carried out by Inhiven Design by applying contemporary trends in interior design. The results of the analysis show that the success of Inhiven Design depends not only on technical skills and creativity, but also on the ability to adapt to market changes and maintain good relationships with customers and business partners.

This study aims to describe and analyze the discourse structure consisting of macro structure, supra structure, micro structure, and discourse contained in Shopee  and Blibli online shopping advertisements. The object of the research is the transcript of online shopping advertisements from Shopee  and Blibli. The data collection methods used were advertising observation and doing advertising transcripts so that the final data used was in the form of text. This data was then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis model of Teun A Van Dijk's discourse analysis theory. From the data studied, the results of the study showed that (1) the macro structure or theme in the transcript of online shopping ads was seen in the entire content. The themes were big discounts, free shipping, cash back bonuses and discount vouchers. (2) The super structure consisted of (a) an introduction to the issue, (b) a series of arguments, (c) a statement of invitation, (d) a reaffirmation. (3) Microstructure consists of (a) background, (b) details, (c) meaning, (d) coherence marker, (e) stylistic, (f) rhetoric, (g) graphic use. (4) The discourse contained in the text was a persuasive discourse.

Surfaces in three-dimensional space can be represented through explicit, parametric and implicit equations, which describe the relationship between the variables x, y and z. Graphs of linear equations produce flat planes, while quadratic equations form objects such as spheres or ellipsoids. In this research, a theoretical approach is combined with interactive visualization to analyze various surface shapes. Through the use of GeoGebra software, this analysis makes it easier to understand surface orientation and shape, such as normal vectors and curvature, as well as applications in vector fields. This research also investigates the concepts of Cartesian coordinates in three-dimensional space, by depicting surfaces in the form of graphs of functions of two variables. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide deeper insight into the geometric properties of surfaces and how to visualize them effectively in mathematics and physics applications.

The rapid growth of online English learning platforms has introduced new opportunities for language acquisition, yet maintaining student engagement and motivation remains a persistent challenge. Many learners experience reduced participation and limited knowledge retention in digital settings compared to traditional classroom environments. Addressing this issue, the present study investigates the effectiveness of gamified quizzes as a pedagogical strategy to enhance engagement, motivation, and retention among online English learners. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two groups: a control group that used a standard online platform and a treatment group that engaged with gamified quizzes incorporating points, badges, and leaderboards. Data on engagement were collected through participation frequency and time spent, while motivation was measured using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, and retention was assessed through follow-up tests. Statistical analyses using independent-sample t-tests and ANOVA revealed significant differences between the two groups. The treatment group demonstrated higher engagement, stronger motivation, and improved retention outcomes compared to the control group. These results, supported by both tabular and graphical representations, highlight the pedagogical value of gamification in addressing motivational challenges and fostering meaningful learning. The study concludes that gamified quizzes serve not only as motivational tools but also as effective mechanisms to strengthen long-term knowledge retention in online English education. Implications for practice suggest that educators and digital learning designers should integrate gamification elements as a central feature of online platforms to optimize learner outcomes.

The human brain is a highly complex system whose dynamics cannot be fully understood through a single disciplinary perspective. This study aims to examine the synchronization of neural networks by combining theoretical physics, neuroscience, and computational methods. The research employed two main approaches: computer simulations based on the Kuramoto oscillator model and empirical analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data. The simulation modeled neural activity using a graph-theoretical framework, while EEG analysis provided time-series data of brainwave patterns. Both results were compared to validate the accuracy of the model. Findings show that synchronization levels from simulations closely resemble EEG data, with only minor differences across various frequency conditions. Notably, both results revealed a tendency for stronger synchronization at higher frequencies, indicating a collective mechanism of neural coordination. These results demonstrate that physics-based models can effectively represent biological phenomena, while empirical data ensures that the findings remain grounded in real neural dynamics. The integration of theoretical and empirical approaches highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in studying brain complexity. This research not only contributes to a deeper scientific understanding but also opens potential applications in neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and computational modeling. Overall, the study reinforces that interdisciplinary frameworks are essential for bridging abstract theories with biological realities.

This study aims to analyze management at Atlas Sport Club Surabaya, covering aspects of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using a survey focused on descriptive methods. The sampling technique used is snowball sampling, with subjects including HRD, the gym manager, fitness instructors, graphic designers, the head of marketing, and marketing communications. The instruments used include observation sheets, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted through steps of reduction and presentation to draw conclusions. The research findings indicate that: (1) Planning at the Fitness Center Atlas Sport Club Surabaya has been aligned with organizational goals. The plans include well-structured long-term and short-term work programs based on sports management principles. (2) The organizing aspect shows a harmonious working relationship between the manager, fitness instructors, and the front office, reflecting alignment with sports management practices. The organizational structure has been effectively coordinated, with the manager maintaining an open attitude and motivation to enhance the fitness center's well-being. Each employee performs tasks in accordance with the terms outlined in their contracts. Directing at the fitness center is effectively carried out through team formation that involves a personal approach to employees. (3) Employee direction can occur at any time by leaders, including the owner, manager, and HRD. Direction from the manager and HRD takes place daily via WhatsApp groups. (4) Supervision at the fitness center is conducted effectively. HRD and the team perform daily evaluations, while the manager conducts monthly evaluations alongside financial reports and target achievements.In conclusion, management at the Atlas Sport Club Fitness Center in Surabaya operates according to management functions. The study suggests that Atlas Sport Club should address infrastructure improvements for facilities that are beginning to deteriorate, and it is recommended that the fitness center add more equipment to support operations.

In this digital era, social media has become an important communication channel for brands, institutions and agencies. Visual Identity Design is important in a brand. Apart from a brand, a visual identity is also needed for an official institution or agency. The function of visual identity design is as a sign of ownership, a means of identity, a promotional tool, a characteristic, and as a sign of the integrity of a brand or agency. The Communication and Informatics Service is an agency that is overseen by a government agency. This agency should build an identity with the aim of having more integrity, consistency and professionalism in the eyes of the public. Application of supergraphics, namely graphic elements that creatively combine visual elements with the aim of giving a strong impression, attracting attention and building a professional image of the Diskominfo agency from other agencies.

In the accelerating digital age, video thumbnails have become an important element in attracting users' attention and encouraging further interaction. Video thumbnails play an important role as a visual attraction to attract the audience. Graphic design strategies focus on elements such as creativity, color, typography, and illustration to create interesting and informative video thumbnails. Experimental research methods are used to test the effectiveness of new video thumbnail designs in improving user retention. This research focuses on improving YouTube user retention through the introduction of an innovative graphic design approach to video thumbnails. Research results show that an innovative graphic design approach can significantly improve YouTube user retention, demonstrating the importance of the role of graphic design in the context of digital marketing and social media user interactions. This study contributes significantly to the practice of graphic design and digital marketers in optimizing the user experience through interesting and informative video thumbnails.        

Information is something that has a very high level of interest information in life. In line with the advancement of information and communication technology, new media has been created as an aspect of interaction and communication. In the process of communicating and disseminating information to the public, the internet becomes an indispensable thing. The reason is, the internet has an interesting program in the form of social media as a tool to spread information to the public. Facebook is one of the social media that people are interested in communicating and disseminating information. Facebook's social media provides a variety of feature options, such as status, photo and video sharing, user-created content. Status, photos, and videos features are commonly used to disseminate information. This form of information dissemination can be a digital design that includes graphic design, illustrations and communicative explanations. A communicative design is a design created to convey information. Where communicative design is absolutely necessary to disseminate information to the public. Communicative design contains valid, interesting, concise information but the information delivered remains easy to understand and clear. That's why information dissemination is well received by the public. This research aims to understand how communicative design should be used to optimize information dissemination on Facebook platforms and its impact on user responses to messages delivered to the Community.

Microsoft Word is an application that is already familiar to users. Microsoft is widely used to creted documents and edit documents .Microsoft Word is an application made by a company that is the name as the windows computer operating system. Microsoft Word ia a program or word  processing application, namely software, which has the funtion of creating writing documentsin various formats, such as papers, journal, reports amd so on. Microsoft Word is an application thet is ofthen referrend to as Ms Word or Word which has a main design called WYSIWYG ( What you see is what you get). with this design  Microsoft is able to display words written by its users and will appear as typed by the user, besides this design also has features such as copy, or copy paste. In its development, Microsoft can not only be used to procces words, but can also insert images, graphs and tables . in addition, its use can alsocreate text in various formants, namely italicized, bold, colored and underline words.In this article, we will discuss the basic formatting that can be used by those using Microsoft Word. This research also aims to provide an understanding of hoe to use basic Microsoft Word formatting and to make it easier for users, especially students.

The rise of Anxiety among adolescents to adults greatly affects their daily activities. Anxiety is a natural emotional response to pressure or situations that are perceived as threatening. This work aims to visualize the condition of anxiety as a form of mental illness that is often ignored, especially among teenagers and adults. Using stencil print graphic art technique, this work tries to express the symptoms of anxiety through visual symbols, such as facial expressions and objects that support the impression. The process of creating this work involves in-depth observation and literature review to enrich the understanding of the concept of anxiety. The author hopes that through this work, people can better understand the complexity and impact of anxiety, and the importance of maintaining mental health. This work is also expected to be a learning tool for the public in understanding mental issues.