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Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

This study explores the model of work stress and its impact on productivity through a comprehensive systematic literature review approach. The objectives of the study are to analyze the complex dynamics of work stress, identify determinants, and explore effective intervention mechanisms to mitigate its negative impacts. The research methodology uses a qualitative approach with meta-synthesis techniques, conducting an in-depth analysis of ten leading scientific journals published between 2020-2024. The results of the study revealed that work stress is a multidimensional construct influenced by individual, organizational, and contextual factors, with key variables including workload, social support, organizational climate, and demographic characteristics. The findings indicate that work stress significantly affects psychological well-being and productivity, with different impacts based on gender, type of work, and organizational context. This study concludes the need for an integrative and proactive approach to work stress management, which does not only focus on individual interventions, but also transforms organizational structures and cultures.  

The purpose of this research is to build a mutation pattern policy based on Justice, Certainty, and Benefit. this policy is associated with talent management that has been implemented in Financial and Development Supervisory Board (BPKP). The method used in this research is a case study method based on phenomena that occur in BPKP. the result of this research is the formation of a mutation pattern policy, namely mutations based on organizational needs with the pattern Organization - Organization - Domicile and mutations based on employee needs. With this mutation pattern policy, employees are expected to improve their performance. But this research does not further examine the effect of this mutation policy on employee performance and also does not consider other factors such as age, gender of employee and Fund to apply this policy

The practice of labor exploitation is not new. Labor exploitation has been widespread since the colonial era. Some people use print media, social media, and even word-of-mouth to market. Although this is nothing new, labor exploitation is still happening and is growing more concerning. Due to the fact that it involves both domestic and international offenders, this is the case. between nations. The methods used in human trafficking crimes have become more complex as communication, information technology, and transformation have advanced. The criminals are looking for victims from the lower social classes. It is not unusual for offenders to help victims by giving them debt or company cash. Some even go so far as to give scholarships to those who want to pursue further education overseas. According to the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), which has verified this, human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, does not discriminate. Because human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, disregards age and gender. age and gender. Labor exploitation affects both men and women, as well as children and adults. Law No. 21/2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Humans, Law No. 18/2017 on the Protection of Workers, and Law no. 18/2017 on the Protection of Migrant Workers all prohibits the trafficking of humans for the purpose of labor exploitation. Workers who are migrants. This paper addresses several topics, including the criminal law's prohibitions against trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation, the need for immediate enforcement of these prohibitions, and the elements that contribute to trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation. labor exploitation, as well as elements that contribute to human trafficking for the prevalence of labor exploitation is increasing. Labor exploitation is becoming more and more common. The descriptive analytical method was employed in the study. method of analytical descriptive research. It is anticipated that this research will offer a complete, methodical, and exhaustive analysis.

This study examines the impact of Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership on human resource development (HRD) in the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, with a focus on gender equality policies and employee capacity-building programs. Using a literature review method, this research analyzes relevant studies on inclusive leadership and its application in the public sector. The findings indicate that Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership, which emphasizes openness, accessibility, and equality, has successfully increased women's participation in leadership positions and fostered a more collaborative work environment. The gender equality policies implemented have not only increased the number of women in strategic positions but also strengthened overall organizational performance. Additionally, capacity-building programsdesigned to enhance technical and managerial skills have proven effective in improving productivity and innovationwithin the Ministry of Finance. This study concludes that Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership can serve as a model for other public sector organizations, both in Indonesia and internationally, to promote gender equality and enhance organizational performance through inclusive HR development.

This study employs Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity to analyze Megan Trainor’s song "Dear Future Husband," exploring the negotiation of femininity and masculinity within contemporary pop culture. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis method, the research examines lyrical content, musical elements, and visual representations associated with the song to uncover underlying gender norms and performances. The results reveal that "Dear Future Husband" both reinforces and subverts traditional gender roles; while it portrays conventional expectations of femininity and masculinity, it simultaneously introduces nuanced demands for mutual respect and partnership. The discussion highlights the complexity of gender performances in mainstream media, suggesting that Trainor’s work reflects a transitional phase in societal understandings of gender dynamics. By applying Butler’s framework, the study illustrates how pop songs can serve as sites for both perpetuating and challenging normative gender constructs, offering insights into the evolving landscape of gender identity and expression.

This article investigates the use of mood, atmosphere, and tone in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby, as well as the socio-economic issues discussed therein, including gender, race, and social class. This research also investigates how Fitzgerald uses these narrative elements to criticize the American Dream and emphasize social inequality in the United States during the Jazz era. This novel tells of the sadness, emptiness, and dissatisfaction hidden behind the outer luxury and glamour. The results of the analysis show that The Great Gatsby shows a sharp criticism of socio-economic injustice and unrealistic expectations in society at that time. These things are still relevant for today's society

This study aims to examine the influence of sexual stigma on suicidal ideation in early adult lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals aged 18-29 in Indonesia. Suicidal ideation is a global mental health issue frequently experienced by LGBT individuals due to discrimination and stigma. The study employed a quantitative survey design, involving 120 LGBT early adult participants selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included an adapted version of the Sexual Stigma Scale to measure sexual stigma and the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ) to measure suicidal ideation. Data analysis utilized linear regression to assess the influence of sexual stigma on suicidal ideation. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between sexual stigma and suicidal ideation, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.414 (moderate category) and a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.01). Sexual stigma contributed 17.1% to suicidal ideation, indicating a significant influence while acknowledging the presence of other influencing factors. These findings emphasize that higher sexual stigma is associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation in LGBT individuals..    

This study applies a qualitative research method with an intersectionality approach to analyze Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which explores issues related to race, gender, and class in the context of post-civil war America. The main focus of this research is how racial, gender, and class identities interact with each other in shaping the experiences of the characters, specifically Huck, a white boy from the lower class, and Jim, an escaped African-American slave. Through the analysis of their cross-racial relationship, this study highlights the complex power dynamics, where Jim is trapped in a racial and class hierarchy, while Huck struggles against social pressure from female authority figures representing patriarchy. The findings of this study suggest that character identities are shaped by the intersection of multiple factors, providing a deeper understanding of the challenges faced in maintaining or resisting oppressive systems of power. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a classic novel by Mark Twain, is a clear example of how literary works that criticize racial injustice can be misinterpreted and censored. Twain presents a scathing satire of American society, exposing its hypocrisy and failure to realize the promised values of equality. As such, the deep meanings contained within are buried under layers of superficial and biased interpretations.

This study analyzes the effect of the Gender Empowerment Index and the Open Unemployment Rate on the Human Development Index in Central Kalimantan, with the Realization of years of schooling as a mediating variable. The analysis method used is WarpPLS 7.0 to test the relationship between variables. The results of the study indicate that the Gender Empowerment Index and the Open Unemployment Rate have a significant effect on the Realization of years of schooling, which ultimately affects the Human Development Index. Although the direct effect of the Gender Empowerment Index and the Open Unemployment Rate on the Human Development Index is not significant, the indirect effect through the Realization of years of schooling shows a strong and significant relationship. These findings emphasize the importance of education as a key factor in improving the quality of life of the community, which is reflected in the Human Development Index. This study also reveals that policies that support gender empowerment and reduce unemployment can contribute to improved education and better human development, in line with sustainable development goals.

This research aims to examine how feminist values ​​are represented in the short story Kunang-Kunang in Bir by Djenar Maesa Ayu. Using descriptive qualitative research methods.  Feminist literary criticism allows for in-depth analysis of themes, characters, and symbols related to issues of gender and inequality. In the analysis of this short story, gender inequality, social norms and symbolism were found. The results of this research show women's struggle in facing patriarchal norms and injustice that prevent women from achieving happiness. The symbolism used increases public criticism of ongoing gender inequality. It is hoped that this research can contribute to feminist literary studies and encourage awareness of the importance of women's freedom in making life decisions.

This research will analyze social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. The novel Berkisar Merah is an object in this research, a novel with a background of a woman’s struggle in her life and Javanese culture in modern society which presents a new idea about cultural and social reconstruction which gives birth to new views, attitudes and ideas regarding humanitarian issues. The struggle of the female characters in the novel Bekisar Merah appears in an effort to fight all manifestations of gender injustice, in the form of subordination, stereotypes and violence. The struggle carried out by Lasi’s character takes the form of arguments for the spirit of equality through the vision of his novel, rejection of violence against women’s sexuality, as well as arguments for the truth about the meaning of women and men. Through the resistance of the female characters in the novel, it can be seen that the problem of male domination over women stems from gender issues, not sex. The aim of this research is to examine social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. This type of research is qualitative research. The data in this research are words that come from novel quotations, and the data source in this research is the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. The data collection technique used in this research is reading and taking notes. Data analysis technique by classifying data including social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari, marking the words and making conclusions.  

The phenomenon of nikah siri and underage marriage in Indonesia reflects complex legal and social challenges. Although Law No. 1/1974 and its revision through Law No. 16/2019 have set the minimum age for marriage at 19 years, the practice remains widespread, particularly in rural areas. Nikah siri, which are not officially recorded, are often performed for economic reasons, ignorance of the law, or social pressure. As a result, couples and children from these marriages face legal uncertainty, such as difficulties in obtaining birth certificates, inheritance rights, and legal protection. This research uses normative legal research methods. Isbat nikah emerged as a solution to legalize unregistered marriages, including for underage couples. However, this mechanism poses a dilemma: on the one hand it provides legal protection for couples and children, but on the other hand it opens a loophole to legitimize child marriages that violate the principles of child protection and gender equality. The role of the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) and Religious Courts is crucial in enforcing the law and preventing abuse of isbat nikah. Through this research, it is recommended that regulations be tightened, communities educated and KUAs strengthened to ensure harmony between formal law and community needs, while still protecting children's rights.

Siti Walidah, or Nyai Ahmad Dahlan, became an important figure in fighting for women's education and emancipation through the establishment of the 'Aisyiyah organization. Siti Walidah's struggle was based on the patriarchal cultural conditions in the past that limited women's access to education and social roles. Siti Walidah, through her progressive thinking, tried to change this paradigm by establishing a women's organization under Muhammadiyah that emphasized the importance of education, empowerment, and gender equality. This study aims to analyze the thoughts and contributions of Siti Walidah in shaping the role of women, especially through education and empowerment, and to trace its impacts that are still felt today. The research method used is qualitative with a historical approach, through literature studies of primary documents such as the archives of Muhammadiyah and 'Aisyiyah, as well as the biography of Siti Walidah. The data were analyzed descriptively-interpretively to understand the social, cultural, and religious contexts that underlie her struggle. The results of the study show that through the 'Aisyiyah organization, Siti Walidah promoted women's education, opposed discriminatory practices such as forced marriage, and developed various social and economic empowerment programs. Another significant contribution was the establishment of educational institutions, such as TK 'Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal and Aisyiyah University.

The existence of gender equality within the organization of the Student Executive Board of the Mulawarman University Student Family which is seen based on reality and what factors influence the achievement of gender equality in the Ministry of Gender within the BEM KM Mulawarman University. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with research data sources of primary data and secondary data. The data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions, and the theories used by the author are Gender theory by Edward Wilson and Feminism theory by Naomi Wolf. The results of this study explain that the reality of gender equality that occurs in the Mulawarman University BEM KM organization in the 2023/2024 BEM KM management has increased towards the involvement of women as leaders and in decision making. In addition, the factors that influence the achievement of gender equality in the gender ministry in the BEM KM organization at Mulawarman University can be seen based on the success and achievement of work programs carried out by the Ministry of Gender. These work programs encourage gender equality awareness and participation through education, empowerment, and overcoming barriers to achieving equality in the organization and ensuring that opportunities are effectively utilized by all parties.

Physiotherapy is a form of health service aimed at individuals and communities. The scope of physiotherapy services is to develop, maintain, and restore movement and body function throughout the life span. This service can be done through a promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitation approach. One of the many cases of physiotherapy is musculoskeletal complaints. Musculoskeletal complaints can occur due to habits carried out during work. If the body position is not correct and maintained for a long duration, it can trigger the emergence of musculoskeletal complaints. Work that lasts for a long time will decrease a person's body ability and can cause complaints and disorders in the body, especially musculo problems, one of which is neck pain. Neck pain is a multifactorial disease and is a major problem in society today. Some risk factors for neck pain, such as old age, female gender, low social support, and non-ergonomic work postures. The method of community physiotherapy activities used is to provide health promotion counseling and education regarding physiotherapy management in the form of stretching that can be done independently. The media used are leaflets and posters. The purpose of this counseling is to provide education and physiotherapy treatment related to neck pain in Keripik Tempe Sanan workers so that they can improve the complaints that have been felt and minimize the occurrence of injuries.

Physiotherapy is a form of health service aimed at individuals and communities. The scope of physiotherapy services is to develop, maintain, and restore movement and body function throughout the life span. This service can be done through a promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitation approach. One of the many cases of physiotherapy is musculoskeletal complaints. Musculoskeletal complaints can occur due to habits carried out during work. If the body position is not correct and maintained for a long duration, it can trigger the emergence of musculoskeletal complaints. Work that lasts for a long time will decrease a person's body ability and can cause complaints and disorders in the body, especially musculo problems, one of which is neck pain. Neck pain is a multifactorial disease and is a major problem in society today. Some risk factors for neck pain, such as old age, female gender, low social support, and non-ergonomic work postures. The method of community physiotherapy activities used is to provide health promotion counseling and education regarding physiotherapy management in the form of stretching that can be done independently. The media used are leaflets and posters. The purpose of this counseling is to provide education and physiotherapy treatment related to neck pain in Keripik Tempe Sanan workers so that they can improve the complaints that have been felt and minimize the occurrence of injuries.

The Charismatic Movement is a spiritual phenomenon that has a significant impact on the lives of Christians, both theologically and socially. This article aims to explore the transformation of spirituality and the theological implications brought about by this movement, as well as its impact on society and culture. The Charismatic Movement emphasizes the active role of the Holy Spirit in the lives of Christians, introducing personal experiences with God through spiritual gifts such as healing, prophecy, and speaking in tongues. The theological implications of this movement include a new understanding of the Bible, the coming of Christ, and the mission of the church in the world. Socially and culturally, the Charismatic movement changed the structure of the church, increased congregational participation in social activities, and introduced changes in views on gender roles and religious education. The social impact of the Charismatic movement can be seen in the spread of more inclusive and dynamic spiritual values, which have an influence on church music and arts culture. The Charismatic Movement strengthens the belief that God is still actively working in the lives of His people through miracles and divine healing. This article shows that the Charismatic movement not only brought about changes in the way Christians live their faith, but also contributed to broader social changes in society, creating Christian communities that were more open, participatory, and relevant to the challenges of the times.

Hypertension is a health problem that is often found in society with a prevalence in Indonesia of 30.8%, is one of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that are still a health problem in Indonesia because of their contribution to cardiovascular disease as a contributor to morbidity and mortality in society. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, gender and obesity status with the incidence of hypertension, through a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted on 219 respondents using a total sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed univariately and bivariately. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the percentage of hypertension was 18.72% and the percentage of obesity was 40.2%. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Chi square test produced a significance level of p-value of 0.000 (significant) between age and obesity with a PR value of 3.47 (CI 1.22-9.87) for the age group above 54 years, and a PR value of 2.66 (CI 1.21-5.81) for the age group 46-54 years (with the age group 18-45 years as a reference). The results of the bivariate analysis using the Chi square test between gender and obesity produced a p-value of 0.0040 with a PR of 0.45. The results of the chi square test between obesity and hypertension were proven to be statistically significant with a PR of 1.90, meaning that respondents with obesity had a 1.9 times greater risk of suffering from hypertension than people without hypertension.